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Graton ME, Spaans F, He R, Chatterjee P, Kirschenman R, Quon A, Phillips TJ, Case CP, Davidge ST. Sex-specific differences in the mechanisms for enhanced thromboxane A 2-mediated vasoconstriction in adult offspring exposed to prenatal hypoxia. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:52. [PMID: 38898532 PMCID: PMC11188502 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal hypoxia, a common pregnancy complication, leads to impaired cardiovascular outcomes in the adult offspring. It results in impaired vasodilation in coronary and mesenteric arteries of the adult offspring, due to reduced nitric oxide (NO). Thromboxane A2 (TxA2) is a potent vasoconstrictor increased in cardiovascular diseases, but its role in the impact of prenatal hypoxia is unknown. To prevent the risk of cardiovascular disease by prenatal hypoxia, we have tested a maternal treatment using a nanoparticle-encapsulated mitochondrial antioxidant (nMitoQ). We hypothesized that prenatal hypoxia enhances vascular TxA2 responses in the adult offspring, due to decreased NO modulation, and that this might be prevented by maternal nMitoQ treatment. METHODS Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received a single intravenous injection (100 µL) of vehicle (saline) or nMitoQ (125 µmol/L) on gestational day (GD)15 and were exposed to normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (11% O2) from GD15 to GD21 (term = 22 days). Coronary and mesenteric arteries were isolated from the 4-month-old female and male offspring, and vasoconstriction responses to U46619 (TxA2 analog) were evaluated using wire myography. In mesenteric arteries, L-NAME (pan-NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor) was used to assess NO modulation. Mesenteric artery endothelial (e)NOS, and TxA2 receptor expression, superoxide, and 3-nitrotyrosine levels were assessed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Prenatal hypoxia resulted in increased U46619 responsiveness in coronary and mesenteric arteries of the female offspring, and to a lesser extent in the male offspring, which was prevented by nMitoQ. In females, there was a reduced impact of L-NAME in mesenteric arteries of the prenatal hypoxia saline-treated females, and reduced 3-nitrotyrosine levels. In males, L-NAME increased U46619 responses in mesenteric artery to a similar extent, but TxA2 receptor expression was increased by prenatal hypoxia. There were no changes in eNOS or superoxide levels. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal hypoxia increased TxA2 vasoconstrictor capacity in the adult offspring in a sex-specific manner, via reduced NO modulation in females and increased TP expression in males. Maternal placental antioxidant treatment prevented the impact of prenatal hypoxia. These findings increase our understanding of how complicated pregnancies can lead to a sex difference in the programming of cardiovascular disease in the adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo E Graton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Floor Spaans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Rose He
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Paulami Chatterjee
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Raven Kirschenman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Anita Quon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Tom J Phillips
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, W1T 7NF, UK
| | - C Patrick Case
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada.
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada.
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Wang B, Zhu Y, Wei B, Zeng H, Zhang P, Li L, Wang H, Wu X, Zheng Y, Sun M. miR-377-3p Regulates Hippocampal Neurogenesis via the Zfp462-Pbx1 Pathway and Mediates Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Prenatal Hypoxic Offspring. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1920-1935. [PMID: 37817032 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03683-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal hypoxia (PH) is one of the most common complications of obstetrics and is closely associated with many neurological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. Our previous study found that Zfp462 heterozygous (Het) mice exhibit significant anxiety-like behavior. Interestingly, offspring mice with PH also have anxiety-like behaviors in adulthood, accompanied by reduced expression of Zfp462 and increased expression of miR-377-3p; however, the exact regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, western blotting, gene knockdown, immunofluorescence, dual-luciferase reporter assay, immunoprecipitation, cell transfection with miR-377-3p mimics or inhibitors, quantitative real-time PCR, and rescue assay were used to detect changes in the miR-377-3p-Zfp462-Pbx1 (pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox1) pathway in the brains of prenatal hypoxic offspring to explain the pathogenesis of anxiety-like behaviors. We found that Zfp462 deficiency promoted Pbx1 protein degradation through ubiquitination and that Zfp462 Het mice showed downregulation of the protein kinase B (PKB, also called Akt)-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β)-cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) pathway and hippocampal neurogenesis with anxiety-like behavior. In addition, PH mice exhibited upregulation of miR-377-3p, downregulation of Zfp462/Pbx1-Akt-GSK3β-CREB pathway activity, reduced hippocampal neurogenesis, and an anxiety-like phenotype. Intriguingly, miR-377-3p directly targets the 3'UTR of Zfp462 mRNA to regulate Zfp462 expression. Importantly, microinjection of miR-377-3p antagomir into the hippocampal dentate gyrus of PH mice upregulated Zfp462/Pbx1-Akt-GSK3β-CREB pathway activity, increased hippocampal neurogenesis, and improved anxiety-like behaviors. Collectively, our findings demonstrated a crucial role for miR-377-3p in the regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis and anxiety-like behaviors via the Zfp462/Pbx1-Akt-GSK3β-CREB pathway. Therefore, miR-377-3p could be a potential therapeutic target for anxiety-like behavior in prenatal hypoxic offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yichen Zhu
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongtao Zeng
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengjie Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingjun Li
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Research Center, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics & Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics & Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Institute of Developmental Biology & Molecular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yufang Zheng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Research Center, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics & Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Institute of Developmental Biology & Molecular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
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Fuenzalida B, Yañez MJ, Mueller M, Mistry HD, Leiva A, Albrecht C. Evidence for hypoxia-induced dysregulated cholesterol homeostasis in preeclampsia: Insights into the mechanisms from human placental cells and tissues. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23431. [PMID: 38265294 PMCID: PMC10953329 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301708rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) poses a considerable risk to the long-term cardiovascular health of both mothers and their offspring due to a hypoxic environment in the placenta leading to reduced fetal oxygen supply. Cholesterol is vital for fetal development by influencing placental function. Recent findings suggest an association between hypoxia, disturbed cholesterol homeostasis, and PE. This study investigates the influence of hypoxia on placental cholesterol homeostasis. Using primary human trophoblast cells and placentae from women with PE, various aspects of cholesterol homeostasis were examined under hypoxic and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) conditions. Under hypoxia and H/R, intracellular total and non-esterified cholesterol levels were significantly increased. This coincided with an upregulation of HMG-CoA-reductase and HMG-CoA-synthase (key genes regulating cholesterol biosynthesis), and a decrease in acetyl-CoA-acetyltransferase-1 (ACAT1), which mediates cholesterol esterification. Hypoxia and H/R also increased the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species and elevated the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α and sterol-regulatory-element-binding-protein (SREBP) transcription factors. Additionally, exposure of trophoblasts to hypoxia and H/R resulted in enhanced cholesterol efflux to maternal and fetal serum. This was accompanied by an increased expression of proteins involved in cholesterol transport such as the scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) and the ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1). Despite these metabolic alterations, mitogen-activated-protein-kinase (MAPK) signaling, a key regulator of cholesterol homeostasis, was largely unaffected. Our findings indicate dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis at multiple metabolic points in both the trophoblast hypoxia model and placentae from women with PE. The increased cholesterol efflux and intracellular accumulation of non-esterified cholesterol may have critical implications for both the mother and the fetus during pregnancy, potentially contributing to an elevated cardiovascular risk later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Fuenzalida
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Maria Jose Yañez
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine and ScienceUniversidad San SebastiánSantiagoChile
| | - Martin Mueller
- Division of Gynecology and ObstetricsLindenhofgruppeBernSwitzerland
- Department for BioMedical ResearchUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Hiten D. Mistry
- Department of Women and Children's HealthSchool of Life Course and Population Health Sciences, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Andrea Leiva
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine and ScienceUniversidad San SebastiánSantiagoChile
| | - Christiane Albrecht
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCureUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
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Ravingerova T, Adameova A, Lonek L, Farkasova V, Ferko M, Andelova N, Kura B, Slezak J, Galatou E, Lazou A, Zohdi V, Dhalla NS. Is Intrinsic Cardioprotection a Laboratory Phenomenon or a Clinically Relevant Tool to Salvage the Failing Heart? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16497. [PMID: 38003687 PMCID: PMC10671596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, especially ischemic heart disease, as a leading cause of heart failure (HF) and mortality, will not reduce over the coming decades despite the progress in pharmacotherapy, interventional cardiology, and surgery. Although patients surviving acute myocardial infarction live longer, alteration of heart function will later lead to HF. Its rising incidence represents a danger, especially among the elderly, with data showing more unfavorable results among females than among males. Experiments revealed an infarct-sparing effect of ischemic "preconditioning" (IPC) as the most robust form of innate cardioprotection based on the heart's adaptation to moderate stress, increasing its resistance to severe insults. However, translation to clinical practice is limited by technical requirements and limited time. Novel forms of adaptive interventions, such as "remote" IPC, have already been applied in patients, albeit with different effectiveness. Cardiac ischemic tolerance can also be increased by other noninvasive approaches, such as adaptation to hypoxia- or exercise-induced preconditioning. Although their molecular mechanisms are not yet fully understood, some noninvasive modalities appear to be promising novel strategies for fighting HF through targeting its numerous mechanisms. In this review, we will discuss the molecular mechanisms of heart injury and repair, as well as interventions that have potential to be used in the treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Ravingerova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 9 Dubravska cesta, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.A.); (L.L.); (V.F.); (M.F.); (N.A.); (B.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Adriana Adameova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 9 Dubravska cesta, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.A.); (L.L.); (V.F.); (M.F.); (N.A.); (B.K.); (J.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, 10 Odbojárov St., 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubomir Lonek
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 9 Dubravska cesta, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.A.); (L.L.); (V.F.); (M.F.); (N.A.); (B.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Veronika Farkasova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 9 Dubravska cesta, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.A.); (L.L.); (V.F.); (M.F.); (N.A.); (B.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Miroslav Ferko
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 9 Dubravska cesta, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.A.); (L.L.); (V.F.); (M.F.); (N.A.); (B.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Natalia Andelova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 9 Dubravska cesta, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.A.); (L.L.); (V.F.); (M.F.); (N.A.); (B.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Branislav Kura
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 9 Dubravska cesta, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.A.); (L.L.); (V.F.); (M.F.); (N.A.); (B.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Jan Slezak
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 9 Dubravska cesta, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.A.); (L.L.); (V.F.); (M.F.); (N.A.); (B.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Eleftheria Galatou
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.G.); (A.L.)
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Antigone Lazou
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Vladislava Zohdi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 24 Špitalska, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 19 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Naranjan S. Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada;
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Hif-1α regulates Tet1-c-Myc binding involved in depression-like behavior in prenatal hypoxia offspring. Neuroscience 2022; 502:41-51. [PMID: 36041588 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal hypoxia (PH) is one of the most common adverse stimulation during pregnancy. The brain is fragile in the fetal period and sensitive to hypoxia. The offspring who have experienced PH may be at increased risk of developing neurodevelopmental disorders after birth and various neuropsychiatric diseases after adulthood. In this study, pregnant mice used to generate PH offspring were treated with hypoxia (10.5% oxygen) from gestational day 12.5 to 17.5. Compared with control mice, the birth weight of offspring in the PH group was significantly lower and the male adult offspring exhibited significant depression-like behavior. The expression of the oxygen-sensitive subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor (Hif-1α) was significantly elevated, whereas Ten-eleven translocated methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (Tet1) and c-Myc, which is closely related to cell proliferation, was significantly decreased in the hippocampus of the male offspring in the PH group. In addition, the PH group showed increased binding of Hif-1α to Tet1, and decreased binding of Tet1 to c-Myc, resulting in increased ubiquitinated degradation of c-Myc and decreased neurogenesis in the hippocampus of the male offspring. These findings suggest that Hif-1α regulates Tet1-c-Myc binding involved in depression-like behavior in PH offspring and Hif-1α can be used as a detection index of stress-related diseases.
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Khodadadi F, Ketabchi F, Khodabandeh Z, Tavassoli A, Lewis GF, Bahaoddini A. The effect of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy on heart rate variability and lung inflammation in rats with severe hemorrhagic shock. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:181. [PMID: 35439928 PMCID: PMC9020113 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02594-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The influence of cutting the sub-diaphragmatic branch of the vagus nerve on heart rate variability (HRV) and inflammatory reaction to severe hemorrhagic shock has not been determined prior to this study. Methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups of Sham, sub-diaphragmatic vagotomized (Vag), subacute (135 ± 2 min) hemorrhagic shock (SHS), and sub-diaphragmatic vagotomized with SHS (Vag + SHS). Hemodynamic parameters were recorded and HRV calculated during multiple phases in a conscious model of hemorrhagic shock. The expressions of TNF-α and iNOS were measured in the spleen and lung tissues at the conclusion of the protocol. Results Decreases in blood pressure during blood withdrawal were identical in the SHS and Vag + SHS groups. However, heart rate only decreased in the Nadir-1 phase of the SHS group. HRV indicated increased power in the very-low, low, and high (VLF, LF, and HF) frequency bands during the Nadir-1 phase of the SHS and Vag + SHS groups, albeit the values were higher in the SHS group. In the recovery phase, the HF bands were only lower in the SHS group. After hemorrhagic shock followed by resuscitation, the expression of TNF-α and iNOS increased in the spleen and lung of the SHS group, and the expression of these genes was significantly lower in the Vag + SHS group than in the SHS group. Conclusion Parasympathetic activity increases during the hypotensive phase of hemorrhagic shock, whereas the cardiac vagal tone decreases in the recovery phase. Sub-diapragmatic vagotomy blunts the cardiac vagal tone during hemorrhagic shock, but its effect is reversed in the recovery phase. The vagus nerve plays a role in proinflammatory responses in the lungs and spleen in subacute hemorrhagic shock followed by resuscitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Khodadadi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Ketabchi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Khodabandeh
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Tavassoli
- Department of Pathology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Gregory F Lewis
- Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,The Traumatic Stress Research Consortium at the Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Prenatal Hypoxia Affects Foetal Cardiovascular Regulatory Mechanisms in a Sex- and Circadian-Dependent Manner: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052885. [PMID: 35270026 PMCID: PMC8910900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal hypoxia during the prenatal period can interfere with the developmental trajectory and lead to developing hypertension in adulthood. Prenatal hypoxia is often associated with intrauterine growth restriction that interferes with metabolism and can lead to multilevel changes. Therefore, we analysed the effects of prenatal hypoxia predominantly not associated with intrauterine growth restriction using publications up to September 2021. We focused on: (1) The response of cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms, such as the chemoreflex, adenosine, nitric oxide, and angiotensin II on prenatal hypoxia. (2) The role of the placenta in causing and attenuating the effects of hypoxia. (3) Environmental conditions and the mother's health contribution to the development of prenatal hypoxia. (4) The sex-dependent effects of prenatal hypoxia on cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms and the connection between hypoxia-inducible factors and circadian variability. We identified that the possible relationship between the effects of prenatal hypoxia on the cardiovascular regulatory mechanism may vary depending on circadian variability and phase of the days. In summary, even short-term prenatal hypoxia significantly affects cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms and programs hypertension in adulthood, while prenatal programming effects are not only dependent on the critical period, and sensitivity can change within circadian oscillations.
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Joyce W, Wang T. Regulation of heart rate in vertebrates during hypoxia: A comparative overview. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 234:e13779. [PMID: 34995393 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute exposure to low oxygen (hypoxia) places conflicting demands on the heart. Whilst an increase in heart rate (tachycardia) may compensate systemic oxygen delivery as arterial oxygenation falls, the heart itself is an energetically expensive organ that may benefit from slowing (bradycardia) to reduce work when oxygen is limited. Both strategies are apparent in vertebrates, with tetrapods (mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians) classically exhibiting hypoxic tachycardia and fishes displaying characteristic hypoxic bradycardia. With a richer understanding of the ontogeny and evolution of the responses, however, we see similarities in the underlying mechanisms between vertebrate groups. For example, in adult mammals, primary bradycardia results from the hypoxic stimulation of carotid body chemoreceptors that are overwhelmed by mechano-sensory feedback from the lung associated with hyperpnoea. Fish-like bradycardia prevails in the mammalian foetus (which, at this stage, is incapable of pulmonary ventilation), and in fish and foetus alike, the bradycardia ensues despite an elevation of circulating catecholamines. In both cases, the reduced heart rate may primarily serve to protect the heart. Thus, the comparative perspective offers fundamental insight into how and why different vertebrates regulate heart rate in different ways during periods of hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Joyce
- Department of Biology—Zoophysiology Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Tobias Wang
- Department of Biology—Zoophysiology Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
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Graf AV, Maslova MV, Artiukhov AV, Ksenofontov AL, Aleshin VA, Bunik VI. Acute Prenatal Hypoxia in Rats Affects Physiology and Brain Metabolism in the Offspring, Dependent on Sex and Gestational Age. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052579. [PMID: 35269722 PMCID: PMC8910449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is damaging to the fetus, but the developmental impact may vary, with underlying molecular mechanisms unclear. We demonstrate the dependence of physiological and biochemical effects of acute prenatal hypoxia (APH) on sex and gestational age. Compared to control rats, APH on the 10th day of pregnancy (APH-10) increases locomotion in both the male and female offspring, additionally increasing exploratory activity and decreasing anxiety in the males. Compared to APH-10, APH on the 20th day of pregnancy (APH-20) induces less behavioral perturbations. ECG is changed similarly in all offspring only by APH-10. Sexual dimorphism in the APH outcome on behavior is also observed in the brain acetylation system and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase reaction, essential for neurotransmitter metabolism. In view of the perturbed behavior, more biochemical parameters in the brains are assessed after APH-20. Of the six enzymes, APH-20 significantly decreases the malic enzyme activity in both sexes. Among 24 amino acids and dipeptides, APH-20 increases the levels of only three amino acids (Phe, Thr, and Trp) in male offspring, and of seven amino acids (Glu, Gly, Phe, Trp, Ser, Thr, Asn) and carnosine in the female offspring. Thus, a higher reactivity of the brain metabolism to APH stabilizes the behavior. The behavior and brain biochemistry demonstrate sexually dimorphic responses to APH at both gestational stages, whereas the APH effects on ECG depend on gestational age rather than sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V. Graf
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.G.); (M.V.M.)
- Department of Biokinetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.A.); (A.L.K.); (V.A.A.)
| | - Maria V. Maslova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.G.); (M.V.M.)
| | - Artem V. Artiukhov
- Department of Biokinetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.A.); (A.L.K.); (V.A.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander L. Ksenofontov
- Department of Biokinetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.A.); (A.L.K.); (V.A.A.)
| | - Vasily A. Aleshin
- Department of Biokinetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.A.); (A.L.K.); (V.A.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria I. Bunik
- Department of Biokinetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.A.); (A.L.K.); (V.A.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-495-939-4484 or +7-495-939-3181
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