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Shen-Hui X, Fu WW, Zhang J, Wang HP, Dang K, Chang H, Gao YF. Different fuel regulation in two types of myofiber results in different antioxidant strategies in Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) during hibernation. J Exp Biol 2020:jeb.231639. [PMID: 34005794 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.231639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that different skeletal muscles in Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) possess different antioxidant strategies during hibernation; however, the reason for these varied strategies remains unclear. To clarify this issue, we studied REDD1, FOXO4, PGC-1α, FOXO1, and atrogin-1 proteins to determine the potential cause of the different antioxidant strategies in Daurian ground squirrels during hibernation, and to clarify whether different strategies affect atrophy-related signals. Results showed that the soleus (SOL) muscle experienced intracellular hypoxia during interbout arousal, but no oxidative stress. This may be due to increased PGC-1α expression enhancing antioxidant capacity in the SOL under hypoxic conditions. Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle showed no change in oxidative stress, hypoxia, or antioxidant capacity during hibernation. The FOXO1 and PGC-1α results strongly suggested differentially regulated fuel metabolism in the SOL and EDL muscles during hibernation, i.e., enhanced lipid oxidation and maintained anaerobic glycolysis, respectively. Atrogin-1 expression did not increase during hibernation in either the SOL or EDL, indicating that protein synthesis was not inhibited by atrogin-1. Thus, our results suggest that different fuel regulation may be one mechanism related to antioxidant defense strategy formation in different kinds of skeletal muscle fibers of Daurian ground squirrels during hibernation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Shen-Hui
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Wei-Wei Fu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Hui-Ping Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Kai Dang
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Chang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yun-Fang Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710069, China
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Chang H, Peng X, Yan X, Zhang J, Xu S, Wang H, Wang Z, Ma X, Gao Y. Autophagy and Akt-mTOR signaling display periodic oscillations during torpor-arousal cycles in oxidative skeletal muscle of Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus). J Comp Physiol B 2019; 190:113-123. [PMID: 31729534 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-019-01245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Whether hibernation accelerates or suppresses autophagy is still unknown. In the current study, we examined changes in autophagy in oxidative soleus (SOL) muscle in summer active (SA), pre-hibernation (PRE), torpor (TOR), interbout arousal (IBA), and post-hibernation groups of Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus). Here, the SOL muscle showed no significant atrophy during hibernation in regard to muscle wet weight, fiber cross-sectional area, or MuRF1 protein level. Autophagy-related proteins beclin1 and Atg7 increased significantly, whereas LC3-II decreased significantly in the PRE group compared with the SA group. However, neither the expression nor activity of cathepsin L showed any differences between the SA and PRE groups. In addition, beclin1, LC3-II, and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio increased, p62 decreased, LC3 puncta increased, p62 puncta decreased, and cathepsin L activity increased in the TOR group compared with the PRE group. In contrast, beclin1, LC3-II, and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio decreased, p62 increased, LC3 puncta decreased, p62 puncta increased, and cathepsin L activity declined in the IBA group compared with the TOR group. Moreover, the phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473) and mTOR (Ser2448) changed significantly during hibernation and showed an inverse relationship with autophagy changes. In conclusion, autophagy proteins displayed periodic oscillation in the torpor-arousal cycle, which may be advantageous in maintaining SOL muscle mass during the entire hibernation period. Furthermore, the Akt-mTOR signaling was decreased in TOR and increased in IBA group in the SOL muscle of Daurian ground squirrels during hibernation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Yan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenhui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiufeng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfang Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Z, Jiang S, Cao J, Liu K, Xu S, Arfat Y, Guo Q, Chang H, Goswami N, Hinghofer‐Szalkay H, Gao Y. Novel findings on ultrastructural protection of skeletal muscle fibers during hibernation of Daurian ground squirrels: Mitochondria, nuclei, cytoskeleton, glycogen. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:13318-13331. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education Xi'an China
| | - Shan‐Feng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education Xi'an China
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education Xi'an China
| | - Kun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education Xi'an China
| | - Shen‐Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education Xi'an China
| | - Yasir Arfat
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education Xi'an China
| | - Quan‐Ling Guo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education Xi'an China
| | - Hui Chang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education Xi'an China
| | - Nandu Goswami
- Physiology Unit, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Helmut Hinghofer‐Szalkay
- Physiology Unit, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
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Chang H, Jiang S, Ma X, Peng X, Zhang J, Wang Z, Xu S, Wang H, Gao Y. Proteomic analysis reveals the distinct energy and protein metabolism characteristics involved in myofiber type conversion and resistance of atrophy in the extensor digitorum longus muscle of hibernating Daurian ground squirrels. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2018; 26:20-31. [PMID: 29482114 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous hibernation studies demonstrated that such a natural model of skeletal muscle disuse causes limited muscle atrophy and a significant fast-to-slow fiber type shift. However, the underlying mechanism as defined in a large-scale analysis remains unclarified. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) based quantitative analysis were used to examine proteomic changes in the fast extensor digitorum longus muscles (EDL) of Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus). Although the wet weights and fiber cross-sectional area of the EDL muscle showed no significant decrease, the percentage of slow type fiber was 61% greater (P < 0.01) in the hibernation group. Proteomics analysis identified 264 proteins that were significantly changed (ratio < 0.83 or >1.2-fold and P < 0.05) in the hibernation group, of which 23 proteins were categorized into energy production and conversion and translation and 22 proteins were categorized into ribosomal structure and biogenesis. Along with the validation by western blot, MAPKAP kinase 2, ATP5D, ACADSB, calcineurin, CSTB and EIF2S were up-regulated in the hibernation group, whereas PDK4, COX II and EIF3C were down-regulated in the hibernation group. MAPKAP kinase 2 and PDK4 were associated with glycolysis, COX II and ATP5D were associated with oxidative phosphorylation, ACADSB was associated with fatty acid metabolism, calcineurin and CSTB were associated with catabolism, and EIF2S and EIF3C were associated with anabolism. Moreover, the total proteolysis rate of EDL in the hibernation group was significantly inhibited compared with that in the pre-hibernation group. These distinct energy and protein metabolism characteristics may be involved in myofiber type conversion and resistance to atrophy in the EDL of hibernating Daurian ground squirrels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Shanfeng Jiang
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China
| | - Xiufeng Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Xin Peng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Shenhui Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Yunfang Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China.
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Dang K, Feng B, Gao Y, Hu N, Jiang S, Fu W, Hinghofer-Szalkay HG. Muscle protection during hibernation of Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus): role of atrogin-1, MuRF1, and fiber-type transition. CAN J ZOOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2015-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the mechanism of protection from skeletal muscle atrophy in the hind limb extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle of hibernating Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus Brandt, 1843). The effects of unrestrained hibernation and 14 day hind limb unloading (HLU) on EDL were studied in three seasons (summer, autumn, and winter). Atrogin-1 and MuRF1 mRNA skeletal muscle expression, wet muscle mass, and muscle to body mass ratios were unchanged during hibernation in all three seasons. EDL mass measurements decreased following HLU and atrogin-1 and MuRF1 mRNA expression increased. In summer, atrogin-1 and MuRF1 mRNA expression increased by 85% and 75%, respectively; in autumn, by 95% and 69%, respectively; and in winter, by 91% and 65%, respectively (P < 0.05). In the HLU group, microscopic skeletal muscle changes were present, including a reduction in the percentage of type-I skeletal muscle fibers. Fat storage in Daurian ground squirrels and a shorter photoperiod during hibernation did not affect the protective mechanisms that prevented skeletal muscle atrophy. The results of this study suggest that the stable expression of atrogin-1 and MuRF1 and the transition from fast glycolytic fibers to slow oxidative fibers are associated with a lack of skeletal muscle atrophy in the hibernating Daurian ground squirrel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Dang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, 710069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ban Feng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, 710069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunfang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, 710069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Naifei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, 710069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, 710069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, 710069, People’s Republic of China
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