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Li X, Huang T, Deng C, Fu S, Shi X. Continuous flow stimulation had no significant effect on the growth rate but was conducive to the swimming performance, spontaneous behavior, and nonspecific immune parameter of juvenile Percocypris pingi. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 339:925-938. [PMID: 37528753 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Flow stimulation before release into the wild may contribute to improved survivability of farmed fish. However, the effects of flow stimulation on the survival rate of fish depend on the fish species and exercise regime, such as exercise type, duration, and intensity. In this study, juvenile Percocypris pingi swam for 18 h per day for 8 weeks under different water speeds, 3 cm s-1 (control) and 1, 2, and 4 body lengths (bl) s-1 , at 20°C. Then, parameters related to the growth rate, swimming capacity, spontaneous activity, and immune function were measured. We found that (1) continuous flow stimulation had no significant influence on the growth but was conducive to the increase in the relative carcass mass; (2) continuous flow stimulation at 2 or 4 bl s-1 enhanced the aerobic swimming capacity (Ucrit ), which may be due to an increase in anaerobic exercise capacity (endurance time) rather than to changes in maximum metabolic rate and aerobic scope; (3) continuous flow stimulation at 4 bl s-1 led to a significant increase in spontaneous activity, which was mainly due to the higher percent time spent moving as compared with the controls; and (4) continuous flow stimulation at 2 bl s-1 may contribute to improving the nonspecific immune parameter (lysozyme activity) in juvenile P. pingi. Our findings suggest that continuous flow stimulation at 2 or 4 bl s-1 for 18 h per day for 56 days at 20°C before release in wild may be a suitable training regime for improving the survival rate of cultured juvenile P. pingi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuming Li
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tiji Huang
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunlin Deng
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shijian Fu
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaotao Shi
- Hubei International Science and Technology Coopearation Base of Fish Passage, College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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2
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Yoon GR, Earhart M, Wang Y, Suh M, Anderson WG. Effects of temperature and food availability on liver fatty acid composition and plasma cortisol concentration in age-0 lake sturgeon: Support for homeoviscous adaptation. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 261:111056. [PMID: 34418543 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Overwintering survival in north temperate fishes involves a series of adaptive responses to multiple environmental stressors. Homeoviscous adaptation includes changes in membrane lipid composition in response to reduced environmental temperature, which may be driven by changes in hormones involved in the endocrine stress response. We examined how reduced temperature and food availability may act in concert to influence hepatic fatty acid composition of phospholipids and triglycerides, in addition to plasma concentration of cortisol in age-0 lake sturgeon (A. fulvescens). At 153 days post hatch (dph), temperature was decreased from 16 °C to 1 °C at a rate of 0.5 °C per day, and at 200 dph, fish were either fed every other day or deprived of food for 45 days to simulate an overwintering event. Liver fatty acid composition of phospholipids and triglycerides were assessed before temperature manipulation (16 °C; 153 dph), when fish had been at 1 °C for 16 days (199 dph), 25 days of overwintering (225 dph) and 45 days of overwintering (245 dph). Plasma cortisol concentration was assessed at 153, 225 and 245 dph. When temperature was decreased, both mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids significantly increased in phospholipids and triglycerides. Total omega-6 fatty acids significantly increased in phospholipids while total omega-3 fatty acids did not. During the simulated overwintering, there was no obvious difference in fatty acids of phospholipids and triglycerides between diet treatments and no difference in circulating cortisol concentration between baseline and post-stressed fish in the fasted group. Our results provide support for homeoviscous adaptation to cold temperatures in lake sturgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwangseok R Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Madison Earhart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yidi Wang
- Department of Food and Human Nutrition Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Miyoung Suh
- Department of Food and Human Nutrition Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - W Gary Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
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3
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Audira G, Siregar P, Chen KHC, Roldan MJM, Huang JC, Lai HT, Hsiao CD. Interspecies Behavioral Variability of Medaka Fish Assessed by Comparative Phenomics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115686. [PMID: 34073632 PMCID: PMC8197923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, medaka has been used as a model organism in various research fields. However, even though it possesses several advantages over zebrafish, fewer studies were done in medaka compared to zebrafish, especially with regard to its behavior. Thus, to provide more information regarding its behavior and to demonstrate the behavioral differences between several species of medaka, we compared the behavioral performance and biomarker expression in the brain between four medaka fishes, Oryzias latipes, Oryzias dancena, Oryzias woworae, and Oryzias sinensis. We found that each medaka species explicitly exhibited different behaviors to each other, which might be related to the different basal levels of several biomarkers. Furthermore, by phenomics and genomic-based clustering, the differences between these medaka fishes were further investigated. Here, the phenomic-based clustering was based on the behavior results, while the genomic-based clustering was based on the sequence of the nd2 gene. As we expected, both clusterings showed some resemblances to each other in terms of the interspecies relationship between medaka and zebrafish. However, this similarity was not displayed by both clusterings in the medaka interspecies comparisons. Therefore, these results suggest a re-interpretation of several prior studies in comparative biology. We hope that these results contribute to the growing database of medaka fish phenotypes and provide one of the foundations for future phenomics studies of medaka fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Audira
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan; (G.A.); (P.S.)
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
| | - Petrus Siregar
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan; (G.A.); (P.S.)
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
| | - Kelvin H.-C. Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900391, Taiwan;
| | - Marri Jmelou M. Roldan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines;
| | - Jong-Chin Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900391, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (J.-C.H.); (H.-T.L.); (C.-D.H.)
| | - Hong-Thih Lai
- Department of Aquatic Biosciences, National Chiayi University, 300 University Rd., Chiayi 600, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-C.H.); (H.-T.L.); (C.-D.H.)
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan; (G.A.); (P.S.)
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
- Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
- Research Center for Aquatic Toxicology and Pharmacology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-C.H.); (H.-T.L.); (C.-D.H.)
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Yusishen ME, Yoon GR, Bugg W, Jeffries KM, Currie S, Anderson WG. Love thy neighbor: Social buffering following exposure to an acute thermal stressor in a gregarious fish, the lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 243:110686. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sosa S, Dobson FS, Bordier C, Neuhaus P, Saraux C, Bosson C, Palme R, Boonstra R, Viblanc VA. Social stress in female Columbian ground squirrels: density-independent effects of kin contribute to variation in fecal glucocorticoid metabolites. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-020-02830-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Dhanjai, Yu N, Mugo SM. A flexible-imprinted capacitive sensor for rapid detection of adrenaline. Talanta 2019; 204:602-606. [PMID: 31357341 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This article demonstrates a non-enzymatic biomimetic adrenaline capacitive sensor fabricated inexpensively by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. The LbL assembly consists of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate, carbon nanotube-cellulose nanocrystals (CNC/CNT) nanofilms (first layer) with adrenaline imprinted poly (aniline/phenylboronic acid) (pANI/PBA) moieties (second layer). The flexible sensor has been effectively demonstrated for high sensitivity and selectivity in capacitive detection of adrenaline standard and adrenaline in real zebra fish brain sample. The molecularly imprinted adrenaline sensor exhibited linear response between 0.001 μM and 100 μM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9738 and detection limit (LOD) of 0.001 μM. The developed sensor demonstrated high adrenaline selectivity and good sensor to sensor reproducibility of 15.7% for molecularly imprinted films. The sensor precision for triplicate standard runs for different adrenaline concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 5.0%, indicative of the overall reliability and validity of the device. The inexpensive sensor remains stable over time, responding proportionately to doses of adrenaline, and as such effective as a dosimetric sensor for near real time continuous monitoring. Frugal in sample consumption (50 μL), the study suggested the practical utilization of the developed biosensor towards adrenaline detection in biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanjai
- Physical Sciences Department, MacEwan University, 10700-104 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T5J 4S2, Canada; Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Concordia University of Edmonton, 7128 Ada Blvd NW, Edmonton, AB, T5B 4E4, Canada
| | - Nancy Yu
- Physical Sciences Department, MacEwan University, 10700-104 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - Samuel M Mugo
- Physical Sciences Department, MacEwan University, 10700-104 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T5J 4S2, Canada.
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Bjornson F, Anderson GW. Body condition, rather than size, predicts risk-taking and resource holding potential in hatchery reared juvenile lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 93:1188-1196. [PMID: 30345517 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To test how body size might influence lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens anti-predator behaviour, asymmetrically body-size-matched individuals were exposed to conspecific chemical alarm cues with the presence or absence of food. Additionally, to test resource holding potential (RHP), hatchery-reared juvenile A. fulvescens were asymmetrically (c. 60% mass difference) and symmetrically (c. 3% mass difference) size matched in individual tanks. Results suggest that A. fulvescens of higher body condition, rather than body length or mass, may take greater risks when presented with foraging opportunities and realize a higher RHP. As hatcheries are likely to select individuals of higher body condition, more research is necessary to understand the role body condition may have on behavioural responses and ensuing fitness post-release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest Bjornson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Gary W Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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8
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Identifying temporal bottlenecks for the conservation of large-bodied fishes: Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) show highly restricted movement and habitat use over-winter. Glob Ecol Conserv 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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9
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McCormick MI, Allan BJM. Interspecific differences in how habitat degradation affects escape response. Sci Rep 2017; 7:426. [PMID: 28348362 PMCID: PMC5428724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradation of habitats is widespread and a leading cause of extinctions. Our study determined whether the change in the chemical landscape associated with coral degradation affected the way three fish species use olfactory information to optimize their fast-start escape response. Water from degraded coral habitats affected the fast-start response of the three closely-related damselfishes, but its effect differed markedly among species. The Ward's damselfish (Pomacentrus wardi) was most affected by water from degraded coral, and displayed shorter distances covered in the fast-start and slower escape speeds compared to fish in water from healthy coral. In the presence of alarm odours, which indicate an imminent threat, the Ambon damsel (P. amboinensis) displayed enhanced fast-start performance in water from healthy coral, but not when in water from degraded coral. In contrast, while the white-tailed damsel (P. chrysurus) was similarly primed by its alarm odour, the elevation of fast start performance was not altered by water from degraded coral. These species-specific responses to the chemistry of degraded water and alarm odours suggest differences in the way alarm odours interact with the chemical landscape, and differences in the way species balance information about threats, with likely impacts on the survival of affected species in degraded habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark I McCormick
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
| | - Bridie J M Allan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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10
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Abstract
In the late 1930s, Karl von Frisch reported that semiochemicals released upon injury, act as alarm substances (Schreckstoff) in fish. In Ostariophysi species, club cells in the epidermis are believed to contain cues related to alarm substance; however, the function of club cells, primarily as reservoirs of alarm substance has been debated. Here, I describe an alarm response in the Japanese rice fish Oryzias latipes (medaka), a member of the order Beloniformes. The response to alarm substance (Schreckreaction) in medaka is characterized by bouts of immobility and an increase in cortisol levels within minutes of exposure to conspecific skin extract. Histological analysis, however, suggests that club cells are either rare or absent in the medaka epidermis. In addition to describing an uncharacterized behavior in a vertebrate popular for genetic and developmental studies, these results support the hypothesis that the primary function of epidermal club cells may be unrelated to a role as alarm substance cells. The existence of similar behavioral responses in two evolutionarily distant but well established laboratory models, the zebrafish and the medaka, offers the possibility of comparative analyses of neural circuits encoding innate fear.
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