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Lee SXT, Amir Z, Moore JH, Gaynor KM, Luskin MS. Effects of human disturbances on wildlife behaviour and consequences for predator-prey overlap in Southeast Asia. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1521. [PMID: 38374248 PMCID: PMC10876642 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Some animal species shift their activity towards increased nocturnality in disturbed habitats to avoid predominantly diurnal humans. This may alter diel overlap among species, a precondition to most predation and competition interactions that structure food webs. Here, using camera trap data from 10 tropical forest landscapes, we find that hyperdiverse Southeast Asian wildlife communities shift their peak activity from early mornings in intact habitats towards dawn and dusk in disturbed habitats (increased crepuscularity). Our results indicate that anthropogenic disturbances drive opposing behavioural adaptations based on rarity, size and feeding guild, with more nocturnality among the 59 rarer specialists' species, more diurnality for medium-sized generalists, and less diurnality for larger hunted species. Species turnover also played a role in underpinning community- and guild-level responses, with disturbances associated with markedly more detections of diurnal generalists and their medium-sized diurnal predators. However, overlap among predator-prey or competitor guilds does not vary with disturbance, suggesting that net species interactions may be conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Xin Tham Lee
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zachary Amir
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jonathan H Moore
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Kaitlyn M Gaynor
- Departments of Zoology and Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Matthew Scott Luskin
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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2
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Cui Y, Zheng X, Shen C, Qian L, Dong H, Liu Q, Chen X, Yang Q, Zhang F, Wang D. Visual-Olfactory Synergistic Perception Based on Dual-Focus Imaging and a Bionic Learning Architecture. ACS Sens 2023; 8:71-79. [PMID: 36574494 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The synergistic interaction of vision and olfaction is critical for both natural and artificial intelligence systems to recognize and adapt to complex environments. However, current bioinspired systems with visual and olfactory sensations are mostly assembled with separate and heterogeneous sensors, inevitably leading to bulky systems and incompatible datasets. Here, we demonstrate on-chip integration of visual and olfactory sensations through a dual-focus imaging approach. By combining lens-based visual imaging and lensless colorimetric imaging, a target object and its odor fingerprint can be captured with a single complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor imager, and the obtained multimodal images are analyzed with a bionic learning architecture for information fusion and perception. To demonstrate the capability of this system, we adapted it to food detection and achieved 100% accuracy in identifying meat freshness and category with a 10 s sampling time. In addition to the highly integrated sensor design, our approach exhibits superior accuracy and efficiency in object recognition, providing a promising approach for robotic sensing and perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxuan Cui
- Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou311100, China
| | - Xubin Zheng
- Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou311100, China
| | - Chen Shen
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Libin Qian
- Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou311100, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou311100, China
| | - Qingjun Liu
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China.,Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Xing Chen
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China.,Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou311100, China.,State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Fenni Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China.,Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Di Wang
- Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou311100, China.,College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
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3
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Moseby K, McGregor H. Feral Cats Use Fine Scale Prey Cues and Microhabitat Patches of Dense Vegetation When Hunting Prey in Arid Australia. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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4
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Carnosaurs as Apex Scavengers: Agent-based simulations reveal possible vulture analogues in late Jurassic Dinosaurs. Ecol Modell 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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5
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Price CJ, Banks PB, Brown S, Latham MC, Latham ADM, Pech RP, Norbury GL. Invasive mammalian predators habituate to and generalize avian prey cues: a mechanism for conserving native prey. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 30:e02200. [PMID: 32573866 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Invasive mammalian predators can cause the decline and extinction of vulnerable native species. Many invasive mammalian predators are dietary generalists that hunt a variety of prey. These predators often rely upon olfaction when foraging, particularly at night. Little is understood about how prey odor cues are used to inform foraging decisions. Prey cues can vary spatially and temporally in their association with prey and can either reveal the location of prey or lead to unsuccessful foraging. Here we examine how two wild-caught invasive mammalian bird predator species (European hedgehogs Erinaceus europaeus and ferrets Mustela putorius furo) respond to unrewarded bird odors over successive exposures, first demonstrating that the odors are perceptually different using house mice (Mus musculus) as a biological olfactometer. We aim to test if introduced predators categorize odor cues of similar prey together, a tactic that could increase foraging efficiency. We exposed house mice to the odors using a standard habituation/dishabituation test in a laboratory setting, and wild-caught European hedgehogs and ferrets in an outdoor enclosure using a similar procedure. Mice discriminated among all bird odors presented, showing more interest in chicken odor than quail or gull odor. Both predator species showed a decline in interest toward unrewarded prey odor (i.e., habituation), but only ferrets generalized their response from one unrewarded bird odor to another bird odor. Hedgehog responses to unrewarded bird odors were highly variable between individuals. Taken together, our results reveal interspecific and intraspecific differences in response to prey odors, which we argue are a consequence of different diet breadth, life and evolutionary histories, and the conditions in each experiment. Generalization of prey odors may have enabled some species of invasive predators to efficiently hunt a range of intraguild prey species, for example, ground-nesting shorebirds. Olfactory manipulation of predators may be a useful conservation tool for threatened prey if it reduces the conspicuousness of vulnerable prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Price
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Peter B Banks
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Samantha Brown
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand
| | - M Cecilia Latham
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand
| | - A David M Latham
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand
| | - Roger P Pech
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand
| | - Grant L Norbury
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, PO Box 282, Alexandra, 9340, New Zealand
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6
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Smith JA, Suraci JP, Hunter JS, Gaynor KM, Keller CB, Palmer MS, Atkins JL, Castañeda I, Cherry MJ, Garvey PM, Huebner SE, Morin DJ, Teckentrup L, Weterings MJA, Beaudrot L. Zooming in on mechanistic predator-prey ecology: Integrating camera traps with experimental methods to reveal the drivers of ecological interactions. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:1997-2012. [PMID: 32441766 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Camera trap technology has galvanized the study of predator-prey ecology in wild animal communities by expanding the scale and diversity of predator-prey interactions that can be analysed. While observational data from systematic camera arrays have informed inferences on the spatiotemporal outcomes of predator-prey interactions, the capacity for observational studies to identify mechanistic drivers of species interactions is limited. Experimental study designs that utilize camera traps uniquely allow for testing hypothesized mechanisms that drive predator and prey behaviour, incorporating environmental realism not possible in the laboratory while benefiting from the distinct capacity of camera traps to generate large datasets from multiple species with minimal observer interference. However, such pairings of camera traps with experimental methods remain underutilized. We review recent advances in the experimental application of camera traps to investigate fundamental mechanisms underlying predator-prey ecology and present a conceptual guide for designing experimental camera trap studies. Only 9% of camera trap studies on predator-prey ecology in our review use experimental methods, but the application of experimental approaches is increasing. To illustrate the utility of camera trap-based experiments using a case study, we propose a study design that integrates observational and experimental techniques to test a perennial question in predator-prey ecology: how prey balance foraging and safety, as formalized by the risk allocation hypothesis. We discuss applications of camera trap-based experiments to evaluate the diversity of anthropogenic influences on wildlife communities globally. Finally, we review challenges to conducting experimental camera trap studies. Experimental camera trap studies have already begun to play an important role in understanding the predator-prey ecology of free-living animals, and such methods will become increasingly critical to quantifying drivers of community interactions in a rapidly changing world. We recommend increased application of experimental methods in the study of predator and prey responses to humans, synanthropic and invasive species, and other anthropogenic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine A Smith
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Justin P Suraci
- Environmental Studies Department, Center for Integrated Spatial Research, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Hunter
- Hastings Natural History Reservation, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kaitlyn M Gaynor
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Carson B Keller
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Meredith S Palmer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Justine L Atkins
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Irene Castañeda
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO UMR 7204), Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, Paris, France.,Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, UMR CNRS 8079, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Michael J Cherry
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University - Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, USA
| | | | - Sarah E Huebner
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Dana J Morin
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, & Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - Lisa Teckentrup
- BioMove Research Training Group, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martijn J A Weterings
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Wildlife Management, Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Lydia Beaudrot
- Department of BioSciences, Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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7
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Building a perceptual zone of influence for wildlife: delineating the effects of roads on grizzly bear movement. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-020-01390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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8
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Burns TJ, Thomson RR, McLaren RA, Rawlinson J, McMillan E, Davidson H, Kennedy MW. Buried treasure-marine turtles do not 'disguise' or 'camouflage' their nests but avoid them and create a decoy trail. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:200327. [PMID: 32537227 PMCID: PMC7277256 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
After laying their eggs and refilling the egg chamber, sea turtles scatter sand extensively around the nest site. This is presumed to camouflage the nest, or optimize local conditions for egg development, but a consensus on its function is lacking. We quantified activity and mapped the movements of hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) and leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) turtles during sand-scattering. For leatherbacks, we also recorded activity at each sand-scattering position. For hawksbills, we recorded breathing rates during nesting as an indicator of metabolic investment and compared with published values for leatherbacks. Temporal and inferred metabolic investment in sand-scattering was substantial for both species. Neither species remained near the nest while sand-scattering, instead moving to several other positions to scatter sand, changing direction each time, progressively displacing themselves from the nest site. Movement patterns were highly diverse between individuals, but activity at each sand-scattering position changed little between completion of egg chamber refilling and return to the sea. Our findings are inconsistent with sand-scattering being to directly camouflage the nest, or primarily for modifying the nest-proximal environment. Instead, they are consistent with the construction of a series of dispersed decoy nests that may reduce the discovery of nests by predators.
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9
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Tetzlaff SJ, Estrada A, DeGregorio BA, Sperry JH. Identification of Factors Affecting Predation Risk for Juvenile Turtles using 3D Printed Models. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020275. [PMID: 32054027 PMCID: PMC7070983 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is widely accepted that juvenile turtles experience high levels of predation, such events are rarely observed, providing limited evidence regarding predator identities and how juvenile habitat selection and availability of sensory cues to predators affects predation risk. We placed three-dimensional printed models resembling juvenile box turtles (Terrapene carolina) across habitats commonly utilized by the species at three sites within their geographical range and monitored models with motion-triggered cameras. To explore how the presence or absence of visual and olfactory cues affected predator interactions with models, we employed a factorial design where models were either exposed or concealed and either did or did not have juvenile box turtle scent applied on them. Predators interacted with 18% of models during field trials. Nearly all interactions were by mesopredators (57%) and rodents (37%). Mesopredators were more likely to attack models than rodents; most (76%) attacks occurred by raccoons (Procyon lotor). Interactions by mesopredators were more likely to occur in wetlands than edges, and greater in edges than grasslands. Mesopredators were less likely to interact with models as surrounding vegetation height increased. Rodents were more likely to interact with models that were closer to woody structure and interacted with exposed models more than concealed ones, but model exposure had no effect on interactions by mesopredators. Scent treatment appeared to have no influence on interactions by either predator group. Our results suggest raccoons can pose high predation risk for juvenile turtles (although rodents could also be important predators) and habitat features at multiple spatial scales affect predator-specific predation risk. Factors affecting predation risk for juveniles are important to consider in management actions such as habitat alteration, translocation, or predator control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha J. Tetzlaff
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champaign, IL 61822, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Alondra Estrada
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brett A. DeGregorio
- U.S. Geological Survey, University of Arkansas Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Jinelle H. Sperry
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champaign, IL 61822, USA
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