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Chumová Z, Mandáková T, Trávníček P. On the Origin of Tetraploid Vernal Grasses ( Anthoxanthum) in Europe. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:966. [PMID: 34202779 PMCID: PMC8308110 DOI: 10.3390/genes12070966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyploidy has played a crucial role in the evolution of many plant taxa, namely in higher latitudinal zones. Surprisingly, after several decades of an intensive research on polyploids, there are still common polyploid species whose evolutionary history is virtually unknown. Here, we addressed the origin of sweet vernal grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) using flow cytometry, DNA sequencing, and in situ hybridization-based cytogenetic techniques. An allotetraploid and polytopic origin of the species has been verified. The chromosome study reveals an extensive variation between the European populations. In contrast, an autopolyploid origin of the rarer tetraploid vernal grass species, A. alpinum, has been corroborated. Diploid A. alpinum played an essential role in the polyploidization of both European tetraploids studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Chumová
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, CZ-242 53 Průhonice, Czech Republic;
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Terezie Mandáková
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Trávníček
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, CZ-242 53 Průhonice, Czech Republic;
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Wang L, Jiang Y, Shi Q, Wang Y, Sha L, Fan X, Kang H, Zhang H, Sun G, Zhang L, Zhou Y. Genome constitution and evolution of Elytrigia lolioides inferred from Acc1, EF-G, ITS, TrnL-F sequences and GISH. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:158. [PMID: 31023230 PMCID: PMC6485066 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elytrigia lolioides (Kar. et Kir.) Nevski, which is a perennial, cross-pollinating wheatgrass that is distributed in Russia and Kazakhstan, is classified into Elytrigia, Elymus, and Lophopyrum genera by taxonomists on the basis of different taxonomic classification systems. However, the genomic constitution of E. lolioides is still unknown. To identify the genome constitution and evolution of E. lolioides, we used single-copy nuclear genes acetyl-CoA carboxylase (Acc1) and elongation factor G (EF-G), multi-copy nuclear gene internal transcribed space (ITS), chloroplast gene trnL-F together with fluorescence and genomic in situ hybridization. RESULTS Despite the widespread homogenization of ITS sequences, two distinct lineages (genera Pseudoroegneria and Hordeum) were identified. Acc1 and EF-G sequences suggested that in addition to Pseudoroegneria and Hordeum, unknown genome was the third potential donor of E. lolioides. Data from chloroplast DNA showed that Pseudoroegneria is the maternal donor of E. lolioides. Data from specific FISH marker for St genome indicated that E. lolioides has two sets of St genomes. Both genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results confirmed the presence of Hordeum genome in this species. When E genome was used as the probe, no signal was found in 42 chromosomes. The E-like copy of Acc1 sequences was detected in E. lolioides possibly due to the introgression from E genome species. One of the H chromosomes in the accession W6-26586 from Kazakhstan did not hybridize H genome signals but had St genome signals on the pericentromeric regions in the two-color GISH. CONCLUSIONS Phylogenetic and in situ hybridization indicated the presence of two sets of Pseudoroegneria and one set of Hordeum genome in E. lolioides. The genome formula of E. lolioides was designed as StStStStHH. E. lolioides may have originated through the hybridization between tetraploid Elymus (StH) and diploid Pseudoroegneria species. E and unknown genomes may participate in the speciation of E. lolioides through introgression. According to the genome classification system, E. lolioides should be transferred into Elymus L. and renamed as Elymus lolioidus (Kar. er Kir.) Meld.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Qinghua Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Yi Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Lina Sha
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Xing Fan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Houyang Kang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Haiqin Zhang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Genlou Sun
- Biology Department, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
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Wang L, Shi Q, Su H, Wang Y, Sha L, Fan X, Kang H, Zhang H, Zhou Y. St 2-80: a new FISH marker for St genome and genome analysis in Triticeae. Genome 2017; 60:553-563. [PMID: 28314114 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2016-0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The St genome is one of the most fundamental genomes in Triticeae. Repetitive sequences are widely used to distinguish different genomes or species. The primary objectives of this study were to (i) screen a new sequence that could easily distinguish the chromosome of the St genome from those of other genomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and (ii) investigate the genome constitution of some species that remain uncertain and controversial. We used degenerated oligonucleotide primer PCR (Dop-PCR), Dot-blot, and FISH to screen for a new marker of the St genome and to test the efficiency of this marker in the detection of the St chromosome at different ploidy levels. Signals produced by a new FISH marker (denoted St2-80) were present on the entire arm of chromosomes of the St genome, except in the centromeric region. On the contrary, St2-80 signals were present in the terminal region of chromosomes of the E, H, P, and Y genomes. No signal was detected in the A and B genomes, and only weak signals were detected in the terminal region of chromosomes of the D genome. St2-80 signals were obvious and stable in chromosomes of different genomes, whether diploid or polyploid. Therefore, St2-80 is a potential and useful FISH marker that can be used to distinguish the St genome from those of other genomes in Triticeae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinghua Shi
- b State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Handong Su
- b State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yi Wang
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lina Sha
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xing Fan
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Houyang Kang
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiqin Zhang
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,c Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Crop Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Zhang Y, Cheng C, Li J, Yang S, Wang Y, Li Z, Chen J, Lou Q. Chromosomal structures and repetitive sequences divergence in Cucumis species revealed by comparative cytogenetic mapping. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:730. [PMID: 26407707 PMCID: PMC4583154 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1877-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Differentiation and copy number of repetitive sequences affect directly chromosome structure which contributes to reproductive isolation and speciation. Comparative cytogenetic mapping has been verified an efficient tool to elucidate the differentiation and distribution of repetitive sequences in genome. In present study, the distinct chromosomal structures of five Cucumis species were revealed through genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) technique and comparative cytogenetic mapping of major satellite repeats. Results Chromosome structures of five Cucumis species were investigated using GISH and comparative mapping of specific satellites. Southern hybridization was employed to study the proliferation of satellites, whose structural characteristics were helpful for analyzing chromosome evolution. Preferential distribution of repetitive DNAs at the subtelomeric regions was found in C. sativus, C hystrix and C. metuliferus, while majority was positioned at the pericentromeric heterochromatin regions in C. melo and C. anguria. Further, comparative GISH (cGISH) through using genomic DNA of other species as probes revealed high homology of repeats between C. sativus and C. hystrix. Specific satellites including 45S rDNA, Type I/II, Type III, Type IV, CentM and telomeric repeat were then comparatively mapped in these species. Type I/II and Type IV produced bright signals at the subtelomeric regions of C. sativus and C. hystrix simultaneously, which might explain the significance of their amplification in the divergence of Cucumis subgenus from the ancient ancestor. Unique positioning of Type III and CentM only at the centromeric domains of C. sativus and C. melo, respectively, combining with unique southern bands, revealed rapid evolutionary patterns of centromeric DNA in Cucumis. Obvious interstitial telomeric repeats were observed in chromosomes 1 and 2 of C. sativus, which might provide evidence of the fusion hypothesis of chromosome evolution from x = 12 to x = 7 in Cucumis species. Besides, the significant correlation was found between gene density along chromosome and GISH band intensity in C. sativus and C. melo. Conclusions In summary, comparative cytogenetic mapping of major satellites and GISH revealed the distinct differentiation of chromosome structure during species formation. The evolution of repetitive sequences was the main force for the divergence of Cucumis species from common ancestor. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1877-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Chunyan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Ji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Shuqiong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yunzhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Ziang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Qunfeng Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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