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Murik O, Geffen O, Shotland Y, Fernandez-Pozo N, Ullrich KK, Walther D, Rensing SA, Treves H. Genomic imprints of unparalleled growth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1144-1160. [PMID: 38072860 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Chlorella ohadii was isolated from desert biological soil crusts, one of the harshest habitats on Earth, and is emerging as an exciting new green model for studying growth, photosynthesis and metabolism under a wide range of conditions. Here, we compared the genome of C. ohadii, the fastest growing alga on record, to that of other green algae, to reveal the genomic imprints empowering its unparalleled growth rate and resistance to various stressors, including extreme illumination. This included the genome of its close relative, but slower growing and photodamage sensitive, C. sorokiniana UTEX 1663. A larger number of ribosome-encoding genes, high intron abundance, increased codon bias and unique genes potentially involved in metabolic flexibility and resistance to photodamage are all consistent with the faster growth of C. ohadii. Some of these characteristics highlight general trends in Chlorophyta and Chlorella spp. evolution, and others open new broad avenues for mechanistic exploration of their relationship with growth. This work entails a unique case study for the genomic adaptations and costs of exceptionally fast growth and sheds light on the genomic signatures of fast growth in photosynthetic cells. It also provides an important resource for future studies leveraging the unique properties of C. ohadii for photosynthesis and stress response research alongside their utilization for synthetic biology and biotechnology aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Murik
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, 93722, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Or Geffen
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel-Aviv University, 39040, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoram Shotland
- Chemical Engineering, Shamoon College of Engineering, 84100, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Noe Fernandez-Pozo
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kristian Karsten Ullrich
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
- Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Dirk Walther
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stefan Andreas Rensing
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Biological Signaling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, 79098, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Haim Treves
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel-Aviv University, 39040, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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2
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Wyngaard GA, Skern-Mauritzen R, Malde K, Prendergast R, Peruzzi S. The salmon louse genome may be much larger than sequencing suggests. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6616. [PMID: 35459797 PMCID: PMC9033869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome size of organisms impacts their evolution and biology and is often assumed to be characteristic of a species. Here we present the first published estimates of genome size of the ecologically and economically important ectoparasite, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda, Caligidae). Four independent L. salmonis genome assemblies of the North Atlantic subspecies Lepeophtheirus salmonis salmonis, including two chromosome level assemblies, yield assemblies ranging from 665 to 790 Mbps. These genome assemblies are congruent in their findings, and appear very complete with Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs analyses finding > 92% of expected genes and transcriptome datasets routinely mapping > 90% of reads. However, two cytometric techniques, flow cytometry and Feulgen image analysis densitometry, yield measurements of 1.3-1.6 Gb in the haploid genome. Interestingly, earlier cytometric measurements reported genome sizes of 939 and 567 Mbps in L. salmonis salmonis samples from Bay of Fundy and Norway, respectively. Available data thus suggest that the genome sizes of salmon lice are variable. Current understanding of eukaryotic genome dynamics suggests that the most likely explanation for such variability involves repetitive DNA, which for L. salmonis makes up ≈ 60% of the genome assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A Wyngaard
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Ketil Malde
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Stefano Peruzzi
- Department of Arctic Marine Biology, UiT-the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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3
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Canning AD, Joy MK, Death RG. Nutrient criteria to achieve New Zealand's riverine macroinvertebrate targets. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11556. [PMID: 34131528 PMCID: PMC8174153 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Waterways worldwide are experiencing nutrient enrichment from population growth and intensive agriculture, and New Zealand is part of this global trend. Increasing fertilizer in New Zealand and intensive agriculture have driven substantial water quality declines over recent decades. A recent national directive has set environmental managers a range of riverine ecological targets, including three macroinvertebrate indicators, and requires nutrient criteria be set to support their achievement. To support these national aspirations, we use the minimization-of-mismatch analysis to derive potential nutrient criteria. Given that nutrient and macroinvertebrate monitoring often does not occur at the same sites, we compared nutrient criteria derived at sites where macroinvertebrates and nutrients are monitored concurrently with nutrient criteria derived at all macroinvertebrate monitoring sites and using modelled nutrients. To support all three macroinvertebrate targets, we suggest that suitable nutrient criteria would set median dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations at ~0.6 mg/L and median dissolved reactive phosphorus concentrations at ~0.02 mg/L. We recognize that deriving site-specific nutrient criteria requires the balancing of multiple values and consideration of multiple targets, and anticipate that criteria derived here will help and support these environmental goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Canning
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael K Joy
- School of Government, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Russell G Death
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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4
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Villar-Argaiz M, López-Rodríguez MJ, Tierno de Figueroa JM. Divergent nucleic acid allocation in juvenile insects of different metamorphosis modes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10313. [PMID: 33986401 PMCID: PMC8119467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89736-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acids help clarify variation in species richness of insects having different metamorphosis modes, a biological conundrum. Here we analyse nucleic acid contents of 639 specimens of aquatic insects collected from four high mountain streams of Sierra Nevada in southern Spain to test whether the allocation to RNA or DNA content differs during ontogeny between juvenile insects undergoing direct (hemimetabolous) or indirect (holometabolous) metamorphosis. The results show that RNA content as a function of body mass was negatively correlated to insect body length in four out of six and three out of six of the holometabolan and hemimetabolan taxa, respectively. Although no significant differences in RNA content were found between holometabolans and hemimetabolans, the significant interaction between body length and metamorphosis mode for RNA and RNA:DNA indicates a strong ontogenetic component to RNA allocation. In addition, our finding of lower DNA content in holometabolans relative to hemimetabolans agree with the analysis of empirical genome data in aquatic and terrestrial insects, and extend to this class of arthropods the “growth rate-genome size-nutrient limitation” hypothesis that differences in allocation between RNA and DNA may reflect fundamental evolutionary trade-off of life-history strategies associated with high growth rates (and RNA content) in holometabolans at the expense of diminished genome sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Villar-Argaiz
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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5
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Veleba A, Zedek F, Horová L, Veselý P, Srba M, Šmarda P, Bureš P. Is the evolution of carnivory connected with genome size reduction? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2020; 107:1253-1259. [PMID: 32882073 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE As repeatedly shown, the remarkable variation in the genome size of angiosperms can be shaped by extrinsic selective pressures, including nutrient availability. Carnivory has evolved independently in 10 angiosperm clades, but all carnivorous plants share a common affinity to nutrient-poor habitats. As such, carnivory and genome reduction could be responses to the same environmental pressure. Indeed, the smallest genomes among flowering plants are found in the carnivorous family Lentibulariaceae, where a unique mutation in cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is suspected to promote genome miniaturization. Despite these hypotheses, a phylogenetically informed test of genome size and nutrient availability across carnivorous clades has so far been missing. METHODS Using linear mixed models, we compared genome sizes of 127 carnivorous plants from 7 diverse angiosperm clades with 1072 of their noncarnivorous relatives. We also tested whether genome size in Lentibulariaceae reflects the presence of the COX mutation. RESULTS The genome sizes of carnivorous plants do not differ significantly from those of their noncarnivorous relatives. Based on available data, no significant association between the COX mutation and genome miniaturization could be confirmed, not even when considering polyploidy. CONCLUSIONS Carnivory alone does not seem to significantly affect genome size decrease. Plausibly, it might actually counterbalance the effect of nutrient limitation on genome size evolution. The role of the COX mutation in genome miniaturization needs to be evaluated by analysis of a broader data set because current knowledge of its presence across Lentibulariaceae covers less than 10% of the species diversity in this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Veleba
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, CZ, 61137, Czech Republic
| | - František Zedek
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, CZ, 61137, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Horová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, CZ, 61137, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Veselý
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, CZ, 61137, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Srba
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, Prague, CZ, 12844, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šmarda
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, CZ, 61137, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bureš
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, CZ, 61137, Czech Republic
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6
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Müller LLB, Zotz G, Albach DC. Bromeliaceae subfamilies show divergent trends of genome size evolution. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5136. [PMID: 30914753 PMCID: PMC6435678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41474-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome size is known to vary widely across plants. Yet, the evolutionary drivers and consequences of genome size variation across organisms are far from understood. We investigated genome size variation and evolution in two major subfamilies of the Neotropical family Bromeliaceae by determining new genome size values for 83 species, testing phylogenetic signal in genome size variation, and assessing the fit to different evolutionary models. For a subset of epiphytic bromeliad species, we also evaluated the relationship of genome size with thermal traits and relative growth rate (RGR), respectively. Genome size variation in Bromelioideae appears to be evolutionary conserved, while genome size among Tillandsioideae varies considerably, not just due to polyploidy but arguably also due to environmental factors. The subfamilies show fundamental differences in genome size and RGR: Bromelioideae have, on average, lower genome sizes than Tillandsioideae and at the same time exhibit higher RGR. We attribute this to different resource use strategies in the subfamilies. Analyses among subfamilies, however, revealed unexpected positive relationships between RGR and genome size, which might be explained by the nutrient regime during cultivation. Future research should test whether there is indeed a trade-off between genome size and growth efficiency as a function of nutrient supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian-Lee B Müller
- Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 2503, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Zotz
- Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 2503, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panamá, Republic of Panama
| | - Dirk C Albach
- Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 2503, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
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8
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Alfsnes K, Leinaas HP, Hessen DO. Genome size in arthropods; different roles of phylogeny, habitat and life history in insects and crustaceans. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:5939-5947. [PMID: 28811889 PMCID: PMC5552920 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the major role of genome size for physiology, ecology, and evolution, there is still mixed evidence with regard to proximate and ultimate drivers. The main causes of large genome size are proliferation of noncoding elements and/or duplication events. The relative role and interplay between these proximate causes and the evolutionary patterns shaped by phylogeny, life history traits or environment are largely unknown for the arthropods. Genome size shows a tremendous variability in this group, and it has a major impact on a range of fitness-related parameters such as growth, metabolism, life history traits, and for many species also body size. In this study, we compared genome size in two major arthropod groups, insects and crustaceans, and related this to phylogenetic patterns and parameters affecting ambient temperature (latitude, depth, or altitude), insect developmental mode, as well as crustacean body size and habitat, for species where data were available. For the insects, the genome size is clearly phylogeny-dependent, reflecting primarily their life history and mode of development, while for crustaceans there was a weaker association between genome size and phylogeny, suggesting life cycle strategies and habitat as more important determinants. Maximum observed latitude and depth, and their combined effect, showed positive, and possibly phylogenetic independent, correlations with genome size for crustaceans. This study illustrate the striking difference in genome sizes both between and within these two major groups of arthropods, and that while living in the cold with low developmental rates may promote large genomes in marine crustaceans, there is a multitude of proximate and ultimate drivers of genome size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Alfsnes
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Molecular BiologyNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
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9
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10
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Kang M, Wang J, Huang H. Nitrogen limitation as a driver of genome size evolution in a group of karst plants. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11636. [PMID: 26109237 PMCID: PMC4479984 DOI: 10.1038/srep11636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome size is of fundamental biological importance with significance in predicting structural and functional attributes of organisms. Although abundant evidence has shown that the genome size can be largely explained by differential proliferation and removal of non-coding DNA of the genome, the evolutionary and ecological basis of genome size variation remains poorly understood. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are essential elements of DNA and protein building blocks, yet often subject to environmental limitation in natural ecosystems. Using phylogenetic comparative methods, we test this hypothesis by determining whether leaf N and P availability affects genome sizes in 99 species of Primulina (Gesneriaceae), a group of soil specialists adapted to limestone karst environment in south China. We find that genome sizes in Primulina are strongly positively correlated with plant N content, but the correlation with plant P content is not significant when phylogeny history was taken into account. This study shows for the first time that N limitation might have been a plausible driver of genome size variation in a group of plants. We propose that competition for nitrogen nutrient between DNA synthesis and cellular functions is a possible mechanism for genome size evolution in Primulina under N-limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Kang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Jalal M, Shala NK, Wojewodzic MW, Andersen T, Hessen DO. Multigenerational genomic responses to dietary phosphorus and temperature in Daphnia. Genome 2014; 57:439-48. [DOI: 10.1139/gen-2014-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Temperature and nutrient availability are both hypothesized to affect organisms at the cellular and genomic levels. In this multigenerational study, Daphnia magna (D. magna) and Daphnia pulex (D. pulex) were maintained at high (20 °C) and low (10 °C) temperatures and nourished with phosphorus (P)-sufficient (50 μmol/L) and P-deficient (2 μmol/L) algae for up to 35 generations to assess the multigenerational impacts on genome size and nucleus size. Analysis by flow cytometry revealed significant increases in nucleus size for both species as well as genome size for D. magna in response to a low temperature. The degree of endoreplication, measured as cycle value, was species specific and responded to temperature and dietary composition. Under dietary P deficiency, D. magna, but not D. pulex, showed an apparent reduction in haploid genome size (C-value). These genomic responses are unlikely to reflect differences in nucleotide numbers, but rather structural changes affecting fluorochrome binding. While the ultimate and proximate causes of these responses are unknown, they suggest an intriguing potential for genomic responses that merits further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Jalal
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Nita K. Shala
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marcin W. Wojewodzic
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Andersen
- Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag O. Hessen
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
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12
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Lovelock CE, Reef R, Pandolfi JM. Variation in elemental stoichiometry and RNA:DNA in four phyla of benthic organisms from coral reefs. Funct Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E. Lovelock
- The School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Ruth Reef
- The School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - John M. Pandolfi
- The School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
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13
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Bullejos FJ, Carrillo P, Gorokhova E, Medina-Sánchez JM, Villar-Argaiz M. Nucleic acid content in crustacean zooplankton: bridging metabolic and stoichiometric predictions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86493. [PMID: 24466118 PMCID: PMC3897710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic and stoichiometric theories of ecology have provided broad complementary principles to understand ecosystem processes across different levels of biological organization. We tested several of their cornerstone hypotheses by measuring the nucleic acid (NA) and phosphorus (P) content of crustacean zooplankton species in 22 high mountain lakes (Sierra Nevada and the Pyrenees mountains, Spain). The P-allocation hypothesis (PAH) proposes that the genome size is smaller in cladocerans than in copepods as a result of selection for fast growth towards P-allocation from DNA to RNA under P limitation. Consistent with the PAH, the RNA:DNA ratio was >8-fold higher in cladocerans than in copepods, although 'fast-growth' cladocerans did not always exhibit higher RNA and lower DNA contents in comparison to 'slow-growth' copepods. We also showed strong associations among growth rate, RNA, and total P content supporting the growth rate hypothesis, which predicts that fast-growing organisms have high P content because of the preferential allocation to P-rich ribosomal RNA. In addition, we found that ontogenetic variability in NA content of the copepod Mixodiaptomus laciniatus (intra- and interstage variability) was comparable to the interspecific variability across other zooplankton species. Further, according to the metabolic theory of ecology, temperature should enhance growth rate and hence RNA demands. RNA content in zooplankton was correlated with temperature, but the relationships were nutrient-dependent, with a positive correlation in nutrient-rich ecosystems and a negative one in those with scarce nutrients. Overall our results illustrate the mechanistic connections among organismal NA content, growth rate, nutrients and temperature, contributing to the conceptual unification of metabolic and stoichiometric theories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Gorokhova
- Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Manuel Villar-Argaiz
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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14
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Šmarda P, Hejcman M, Březinová A, Horová L, Steigerová H, Zedek F, Bureš P, Hejcmanová P, Schellberg J. Effect of phosphorus availability on the selection of species with different ploidy levels and genome sizes in a long-term grassland fertilization experiment. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 200:911-921. [PMID: 23819630 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Polyploidy and increased genome size are hypothesized to increase organismal nutrient demands, namely of phosphorus (P), which is an essential and abundant component of nucleic acids. Therefore, polyploids and plants with larger genomes are expected to be selectively disadvantaged in P-limited environments. However, this hypothesis has yet to be experimentally tested. We measured the somatic DNA content and ploidy level in 74 vascular plant species in a long-term fertilization experiment. The differences between the fertilizer treatments regarding the DNA content and ploidy level of the established species were tested using phylogeny-based statistics. The percentage and biomass of polyploid species clearly increased with soil P in particular fertilizer treatments, and a similar but weaker trend was observed for the DNA content. These increases were associated with the dominance of competitive life strategy (particularly advantageous in the P-treated plots) in polyploids and the enhanced competitive ability of dominant polyploid grasses at high soil P concentrations, indicating their increased P limitation. Our results verify the hypothesized effect of P availability on the selection of polyploids and plants with increased genome sizes, although the relative contribution of increased P demands vs increased competitiveness as causes of the observed pattern requires further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Šmarda
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-61137, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hejcman
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 1176, CZ-16521, Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Březinová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-61137, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Horová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-61137, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Steigerová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-61137, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - František Zedek
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-61137, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bureš
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-61137, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Hejcmanová
- Institute of Tropics and Subtropics, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16521, Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jürgen Schellberg
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
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15
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Neiman M, Kay AD, Krist AC. Can resource costs of polyploidy provide an advantage to sex? Heredity (Edinb) 2013; 110:152-9. [PMID: 23188174 PMCID: PMC3554456 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2012.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The predominance of sexual reproduction despite its costs indicates that sex provides substantial benefits, which are usually thought to derive from the direct genetic consequences of recombination and syngamy. While genetic benefits of sex are certainly important, sexual and asexual individuals, lineages, or populations may also differ in physiological and life history traits that could influence outcomes of competition between sexuals and asexuals across environmental gradients. Here, we address possible phenotypic costs of a very common correlate of asexuality, polyploidy. We suggest that polyploidy could confer resource costs related to the dietary phosphorus demands of nucleic acid production; such costs could facilitate the persistence of sex in situations where asexual taxa are of higher ploidy level and phosphorus availability limits important traits like growth and reproduction. We outline predictions regarding the distribution of diploid sexual and polyploid asexual taxa across biogeochemical gradients and provide suggestions for study systems and empirical approaches for testing elements of our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Neiman
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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16
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Neiman M, Kay AD, Krist AC. SENSITIVITY TO PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION INCREASES WITH PLOIDY LEVEL IN A NEW ZEALAND SNAIL. Evolution 2013; 67:1511-7. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hessen DO, Daufresne M, Leinaas HP. Temperature-size relations from the cellular-genomic perspective. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2012; 88:476-89. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dag O. Hessen
- Department of Biology; University of Oslo, CEES; PO Box 1066 Blindern; 0316; Oslo; Norway
| | - Martin Daufresne
- HYAX-EL; Irstea; 3275 Route de Cézanne; 13182; Aix-en-Provence; France
| | - Hans P. Leinaas
- Department of Biology; University of Oslo, Integrative Biology; PO Box 1066 Blindern; 0316; Oslo; Norway
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Maximizing growth rate at low temperatures: RNA:DNA allocation strategies and life history traits of Arctic and temperate Daphnia. Polar Biol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-010-0814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Genome streamlining and the elemental costs of growth. Trends Ecol Evol 2010; 25:75-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Revised: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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HESSEN DAGO, PERSSON JONAS. Genome size as a determinant of growth and life-history traits in crustaceans. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01285.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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NEIMAN M, THEISEN KM, MAYRY ME, KAY AD. Can phosphorus limitation contribute to the maintenance of sex? A test of a key assumption. J Evol Biol 2009; 22:1359-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01748.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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