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Yang J, Zhou J, Zhou HJ, Wang MM, Liu MM, Ke YZ, Li PF, Li JN, Du H. Global Survey and Expressions of the Phosphate Transporter Gene Families in Brassica napus and Their Roles in Phosphorus Response. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1752. [PMID: 32143436 PMCID: PMC7084545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphate (Pi) transporters play critical roles in Pi acquisition and homeostasis. However, currently little is known about these genes in oil crops. In this study, we aimed to characterize the five Pi transporter gene families (PHT1-5) in allotetraploid Brassica napus. We identified and characterized 81 putative PHT genes in B. napus (BnaPHTs), including 45 genes in PHT1 family (BnaPHT1s), four BnaPHT2s, 10 BnaPHT3s, 13 BnaPHT4s and nine BnaPHT5s. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the largest PHT1 family could be divided into two groups (Group I and II), while PHT4 may be classified into five, Groups I-V. Gene structure analysis revealed that the exon-intron pattern was conservative within the same family or group. The sequence characteristics of these five families were quite different, which may contribute to their functional divergence. Transcription factor (TF) binding network analyses identified many potential TF binding sites in the promoter regions of candidates, implying their possible regulating patterns. Collinearity analysis demonstrated that most BnaPHTs were derived from an allopolyploidization event (~40.7%) between Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea ancestors, and small-scale segmental duplication events (~39.5%) in the descendant. RNA-Seq analyses proved that many BnaPHTs were preferentially expressed in leaf and flower tissues. The expression profiles of most colinearity-pairs in B. napus are highly correlated, implying functional redundancy, while a few pairs may have undergone neo-functionalization or sub-functionalization during evolution. The expression levels of many BnaPHTs tend to be up-regulated by different hormones inductions, especially for IAA, ABA and 6-BA treatments. qRT-PCR assay demonstrated that six BnaPHT1s (BnaPHT1.11, BnaPHT1.14, BnaPHT1.20, BnaPHT1.35, BnaPHT1.41, BnaPHT1.44) were significantly up-regulated under low- and/or rich- Pi conditions in B. napus roots. This work analyzes the evolution and expression of the PHT family in Brassica napus, which will help further research on their role in Pi transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.-J.Z.); (M.-M.W.); (M.-M.L.); (Y.-Z.K.); (P.-F.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.-J.Z.); (M.-M.W.); (M.-M.L.); (Y.-Z.K.); (P.-F.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hong-Jun Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.-J.Z.); (M.-M.W.); (M.-M.L.); (Y.-Z.K.); (P.-F.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Mang-Mang Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.-J.Z.); (M.-M.W.); (M.-M.L.); (Y.-Z.K.); (P.-F.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ming-Ming Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.-J.Z.); (M.-M.W.); (M.-M.L.); (Y.-Z.K.); (P.-F.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yun-Zhuo Ke
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.-J.Z.); (M.-M.W.); (M.-M.L.); (Y.-Z.K.); (P.-F.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Peng-Feng Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.-J.Z.); (M.-M.W.); (M.-M.L.); (Y.-Z.K.); (P.-F.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jia-Na Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.-J.Z.); (M.-M.W.); (M.-M.L.); (Y.-Z.K.); (P.-F.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hai Du
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.-J.Z.); (M.-M.W.); (M.-M.L.); (Y.-Z.K.); (P.-F.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
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Pan Q, Zhu B, Zhang D, Tong C, Ge X, Liu S, Li Z. Gene Expression Changes During the Allo-/Deallopolyploidization Process of Brassica napus. Front Genet 2020; 10:1279. [PMID: 31921314 PMCID: PMC6931035 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression changes due to allopolyploidization have been extensively studied in plants over the past few decades. Nearly all these studies focused on comparing the changes before and after genome merger. In this study, we used the uniquely restituted Brassica rapa (RBR, AeAe, 2n = 20) obtained from Brassica napus (AnAnCnCn, 2n = 38) to analyze the gene expression changes and its potential mechanism during the process of allo-/deallopolyploidization. RNA-seq-based transcriptome profiling identified a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between RBR and natural B. rapa (ArAr), suggesting potential effects of allopolyploidization/domestication of AA component of B. napus at the tetrapolyploid level. Meanwhile, it was revealed that up to 20% of gene expressions were immediately altered when compared with those in the An-subgenome. Interestingly, one fifth of these changes are in fact indicative of the recovery of antecedent gene expression alternations occurring since the origin of B. napus and showed association with homoeologous expression bias between An and Cn subgenomes. Enrichment of distinct gene ontology (GO) categories of the above sets of genes further indicated potential functional cooperation of the An and Cn subgenome of B. napus. Whole genome methylation analysis revealed a small number of DEGs were identified in the differentially methylated regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Rapeseed Genetics and Breeding of Agriculture Ministry of China, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Rapeseed Genetics and Breeding of Agriculture Ministry of China, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Rapeseed Genetics and Breeding of Agriculture Ministry of China, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaobo Tong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China.,Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianhong Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Rapeseed Genetics and Breeding of Agriculture Ministry of China, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China.,Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zaiyun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Rapeseed Genetics and Breeding of Agriculture Ministry of China, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Jighly A, Joukhadar R, Sehgal D, Singh S, Ogbonnaya FC, Daetwyler HD. Population-dependent reproducible deviation from natural bread wheat genome in synthetic hexaploid wheat. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:801-812. [PMID: 31355965 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Sequence elimination is one of the main mechanisms that increases the divergence among homoeologous chromosomes after allopolyploidization to enhance the stability of recently established lineages, but it can cause a loss of some economically important genes. Synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) is an important source of genetic variation to the natural hexaploid wheat (NHW) genepool that has low genetic diversity. Here, we investigated the change between SHW and NHW genomes by utilizing a large germplasm set of primary synthetics and synthetic derivatives. Reproducible segment elimination (RSE) was declared if a large chromosomal chunk (>5 cM) produced no aligned reads in more than five SHWs. RSE in five genomic regions was the major source of variation between SHW and NHW. One RSE eliminated almost the complete short arm of chromosome 1B, which contains major genes for flour quality, disease resistance and different enzymes. The occurrence of RSE was highly dependent on the choice of diploid and tetraploid parental lines, their ancestral subpopulation and admixture, e.g. SHWs derived from Triticum dicoccon or from one of two Aegilops tauschii subpopulations were almost free of RSE, while highly admixed parents had higher RSE rates. The rate of RSE in synthetic derivatives was almost double that in primary synthetics. Genome-wide association analysis detected four loci with minor effects on the occurrence of RSE, indicating that both parental lines and genetic factors were affecting the occurrence of RSE. Therefore, pre-pre-breeding strategies should be applied before introducing SHW into pre-breeding programs to ensure genomic stability and avoid undesirable gene loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulqader Jighly
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Reem Joukhadar
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Deepmala Sehgal
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Sukhwinder Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | | | - Hans D Daetwyler
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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Behling AH, Shepherd LD, Cox MP. The importance and prevalence of allopolyploidy in Aotearoa New Zealand. J R Soc N Z 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2019.1676797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna H. Behling
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Lara D. Shepherd
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Murray P. Cox
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Lamo JM, Rao SR. Meiotic behaviour and its implication on species inter-relationship in the genus Curcuma (Linnaeus, 1753) (Zingiberaceae). COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2017; 11:691-702. [PMID: 29114361 PMCID: PMC5672274 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v11i4.14726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, detailed meiotic analysis was investigated in seven species of Curcuma (Linnaeus, 1753) which can contribute significantly to our understanding about species inter-relationship, speciation and evolution. The species were divided into two groups viz., Group I having 2n = 42 (C. comosa Roxburgh, 1810, C. haritha Mangaly & M.Sabu, 1993, C. mangga Valeton & Zijp, 1917, and C. motana Roxburgh, 1800) and Group II with 2n = 63 (C. caesia Roxburgh, 1810, C. longa Linnaeus, 1753 and C. sylvatica Valeton, 1918). Both groups display varying degree of chromosome associations. Group I species showed the prevalence of bivalents, however occasional quadrivalents besides univalents were also encountered. About 48% of the PMCs analyzed in C. mangga showed 21 bivalents (II) meiotic configurations, 32% in C. comosa and 16% in C. haritha. Group II species as expected showed the presence of trivalents besides bivalents, univalents and quadrivalents. About 32% of the PMCs analyzed at MI in C. sylvatica showed 21 trivalents (III) meiotic configurations, 24% in C. longa and 8% in C. caesia. Overall, low frequency of multivalent associations as compared to bivalents indicates that Curcuma is an allopolyploid complex. Moreover, x = 21 is too high a basic number, therefore, we suggest that the genus Curcuma has evolved by hybridization of species with different chromosome numbers of 2n = 24 and 18, resulting in a dibasic amphidiploid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Mary Lamo
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong-793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Satyawada Rama Rao
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong-793022, Meghalaya, India
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Winterfeld G, Wölk A, Röser M. Genome evolution in alpine oat-like grasses through homoploid hybridization and polyploidy. AOB PLANTS 2016; 8:plw039. [PMID: 27255513 PMCID: PMC4940509 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plw039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization and polyploidization can radically impact genome organization from sequence level to chromosome structure. As a result, often in response to environmental change and species isolation, the development of novel traits can arise and will tend to result in the formation of homoploid or polyploid hybrid species. In this study we focus on evidence of hybridization and polyploidization by ascertaining the species parentage of the endemic alpine Helictotrichon parlatorei group. This group comprises five taxa; the diploids H. parlatorei, Helictotrichon setaceum subsp. setaceum and subsp. petzense, their putative hybrid Helictotrichon ×krischae and the hexaploid Helictotrichon sempervirens. For molecular analyses, cloned nuclear Topoisomerase VI genes of H. sempervirens and H. ×krischae were sequenced and compared with sequences of the diploids to estimate the evolutionary history in this group. In addition, detailed chromosome studies were carried out including fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 5S and 45S ribosomal and satellite DNA probes, and fluorochrome staining with chromomycin and DAPI. Two distinct types of Topoisomerase VI sequences were identified. One of them (SET) occurs in both subspecies of H. setaceum, the other (PAR) in H. parlatorei. Both types were found in H. ×krischae and H. sempervirens Karyotypes of H. parlatorei and H. setaceum could be distinguished by chromosomes with a clearly differentiated banding pattern of ribosomal DNAs. Both patterns occurred in the hybrid H. ×krischae Hexaploid H. sempervirens shares karyotype features with diploid H. parlatorei, but lacks the expected chromosome characteristics of H. setaceum, possibly an example of beginning diploidization after polyploidization. The geographic origin of the putative parental species and their hybrids and the possible biogeographical spread through the Alps are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grit Winterfeld
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Alexandra Wölk
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Martin Röser
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle, Germany
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Cuadrado Á, Carmona A, Jouve N. Chromosomal characterization of the three subgenomes in the polyploids of Hordeum murinum L.: new insight into the evolution of this complex. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81385. [PMID: 24349062 PMCID: PMC3862567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hordeum murinum L. is a species complex composed of related taxa, including the subspecies glaucum, murinum and leporinum. However, the phylogenetic relationships between the different taxa and their cytotypes, and the origin of the polyploid forms, remain points of controversy. The present work reports a comparative karyotype analysis of seven accessions of the H. murinum complex representing all subspecies and cytotypes. The karyotypes were determined by examining the distribution of the repetitive Triticeae DNA sequences pTa71, pTa794, pSc119.2, pAs1 and pHch950, the simple sequence repeats (SSRs) (AG)10, (AAC)5, (AAG)5, (ACT)5, (ATC)5, and (CCCTAAA)3 via in situ hybridization. The chromosomes of the three subgenomes involved in the polyploids were identified. All tetraploids of all subspecies shared the same two subgenomes (thus suggesting them to in fact belong to the same taxon), the result of hybridization between two diploid ancestors. One of the subgenomes present in all tetraploids of all subspecies was found to be very similar (though not identical) to the chromosome complement of the diploid glaucum. The hexaploid form of leporinum came about through a cross between a tetraploid and a third diploid form. Exclusively bivalent associations among homologous chromosomes were observed when analyzing pollen mother cells of tetraploid taxa. In conclusion, the present results identify all the individual chromosomes within the H. murinum complex, reveal its genome structure and phylogeny, and explain the appearance of the different cytotypes. Three cryptic species are proposed according to ploidy level that may deserve full taxonomic recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángeles Cuadrado
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Alejandro Carmona
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolás Jouve
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Carmona A, Friero E, de Bustos A, Jouve N, Cuadrado A. The evolutionary history of sea barley (Hordeum marinum) revealed by comparative physical mapping of repetitive DNA. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 112:1845-55. [PMID: 24197750 PMCID: PMC3838566 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hordeum marinum is a species complex that includes the diploid subspecies marinum and both diploid and tetraploid forms of gussoneanum. Their relationships, the rank of the taxa and the origin of the polyploid forms remain points of debate. The present work reports a comparative karyotype analysis of six H. marinum accessions representing all taxa and cytotypes. METHODS Karyotypes were determined by analysing the chromosomal distribution of several tandemly repeated sequences, including the Triticeae cloned probes pTa71, pTa794, pAs1 and pSc119·2 and the simple sequence repeats (SSRs) (AG)10, (AAC)5, (AAG)5, (ACT)5 and (ATC)5. KEY RESULTS The identification of each chromosome pair in all subspecies and cytotypes is reported for the first time. Homologous relationships are also established. Wide karyotypic differences were detected within marinum accessions. Specific chromosomal markers characterized and differentiated the genomes of marinum and diploid gussoneanum. Two subgenomes were detected in the tetraploids. One of these had the same chromosome complement as diploid gussoneanum; the second subgenome, although similar to the chromosome complement of diploid H. marinum sensu lato, appeared to have no counterpart in the marinum accessions analysed here. CONCLUSIONS The tetraploid forms of gussoneanum appear to have come about through a cross between a diploid gussoneanum progenitor and a second, related-but unidentified-diploid ancestor. The results reveal the genome structure of the different H. marinum taxa and demonstrate the allopolyploid origin of the tetraploid forms of gussoneanum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Angeles Cuadrado
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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GORELICK ROOT, OLSON KRYSTLE. Polyploidy Is Genetic Hence May Cause Non-Adaptive Radiations, Whereas Pseudopolyploidy Is Genomic Hence May Cause Adaptive Non-Radiations. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2013; 320:286-94. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- ROOT GORELICK
- Department of Biology; Carleton University; Ottawa, Ontario Canada
- School of Mathematics and Statistics and Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies; Carleton University; Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| | - KRYSTLE OLSON
- Department of Biology; Carleton University; Ottawa, Ontario Canada
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10
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Ourari M, Ainouche A, Coriton O, Huteau V, Brown S, Misset MT, Ainouche M, Amirouche R. Diversity and evolution of the Hordeum murinum polyploid complex in Algeria. Genome 2011; 54:639-54. [PMID: 21848403 DOI: 10.1139/g11-032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Population diversity and evolutionary relationships in the Hordeum murinum L. polyploid complex were explored in contrasted bioclimatic conditions from Algeria. A multidisciplinary approach based on morphological, cytogenetic, and molecular data was conducted on a large population sampling. Distribution of diploids (subsp. glaucum) and tetraploids (subsp. leporinum) revealed a strong correlation with a North-South aridity gradient. Most cytotypes exhibit regular meiosis with variable irregularities in some tetraploid populations. Morphological analyses indicate no differentiation among taxa but high variability correlated with bioclimatic parameters. Two and three different nuclear sequences (gene coding for an unspliced genomic protein kinase domain) were isolated in tetraploid and hexaploid cytotypes, respectively, among which one was identical with that found in the diploid subsp. glaucum. The tetraploids (subsp. leporinum and subsp. murinum) do not exhibit additivity for 5S and 45S rDNA loci comparative with the number observed in the related diploid (subsp. glaucum). The subgenomes in the tetraploid taxa could not be differentiated using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Results support an allotetraploid origin for subsp. leporinum and subsp. murinum that derives from the diploid subsp. glaucum and another unidentified diploid parent. The hexaploid (subsp. leporinum) has an allohexaploid origin involving the two genomes present in the allotetraploids and another unidentified third diploid progenitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Ourari
- Université de Rennes, Campus Scientifique de Beaulieu, Rennes CEDEX, France
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11
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Zhao N, Xu L, Zhu B, Li M, Zhang H, Qi B, Xu C, Han F, Liu B. Chromosomal and genome-wide molecular changes associated with initial stages of allohexaploidization in wheat can be transit and incidental. Genome 2011; 54:692-9. [DOI: 10.1139/g11-028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Genomic instability can be induced by nascent allopolyploidization in plants. However, most previous studies have not defined to what extent the allopolyploidy-induced rapid genomic instability represents a general response, and hence important to evolution, or merely incidental events occurring stochastically in a limited number of individuals. We report here that in a newly formed allohexaploid wheat line between tetraploid wheat Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (genome BBAA) and Aegilops tauschii (genome DD) a great majority of individual plants showed chromosomal stability and exhibited a genomic constitution similar to that of the present-day Triticum aestivum (genome BBAADD). In contrast, a single individual plant was identified at S2, which exhibited chromosomal instability in both number and structure based on multicolor genomic in situ hybridization (mc-GISH) analysis. Accordingly, this plant also manifested extensive changes at the molecular level including loss and gain of DNA segments and DNA methylation repatterning. Remarkably, the chromosomal and molecular instabilities that presumably occurred at S0 to S1 and (or) in the F1 hybrid were rapidly quenched by S2 and followed by stable transgenerational inheritance. Our results suggest that these stochastic and individual-specific rapid genomic changes, albeit interesting, probably have not played a major role in the speciation and evolution of common wheat, T. aestivum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Liying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Mingjiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Huakun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Bao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Chromosome & Cell Engineering, Institute of Genetics & Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101110, China
| | - Chunming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Fangpu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Chromosome & Cell Engineering, Institute of Genetics & Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101110, China
| | - Bao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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Tiwari VK, Rawat N, Neelam K, Kumar S, Randhawa GS, Dhaliwal HS. Random chromosome elimination in synthetic Triticum-Aegilops amphiploids leads to development of a stable partial amphiploid with high grain micro- and macronutrient content and powdery mildew resistance. Genome 2011; 53:1053-65. [PMID: 21164538 DOI: 10.1139/g10-083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic amphiploids are the immortal sources for studies on crop evolution, genome dissection, and introgression of useful variability from related species. Cytological analysis of synthetic decaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) - Aegilops kotschyi Boiss. amphiploids (AABBDDUkUkSkSk) showed some univalents from the C1 generation onward followed by chromosome elimination. Most of the univalents came to metaphase I plate after the reductional division of paired chromosomes and underwent equational division leading to their elimination through laggards and micronuclei. Substantial variation in the chromosome number of pollen mother cells from different tillers, spikelets, and anthers of some plants also indicated somatic chromosome elimination. Genomic in situ hybridization, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and simple sequence repeat markers analysis of two amphiploids with reduced chromosomes indicated random chromosome elimination of various genomes with higher sensitivity of D followed by the Sk and Uk genomes to elimination, whereas 1D chromosome was preferentially eliminated in both the amphiploids investigated. One of the partial amphiploids, C4 T. aestivum 'Chinese Spring' - Ae. kotschyi 396 (2n = 58), with 34 T. aestivum, 14 Uk, and 10 Sk had stable meiosis and high fertility. The partial amphiploids with white glumes, bold seeds, and tough rachis with high grain macro- and micronutrients and resistance to powdery mildew could be used for T. aestivum biofortification and transfer of powdery mildew resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Tiwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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Genome Size in Diploids, Allopolyploids, and Autopolyploids of Mediterranean Triticeae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1155/2010/341380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear DNA amount, determined by the flow cytometry method, in diploids, natural and synthetic allopolyploids, and natural and synthetic autopolyploids of the tribe Triticeae (Poaceae) is reviewed here and discussed. In contrast to the very small and nonsignificant variation in nuclear DNA amount that was found at the intraspecific level, the variation at the interspecific level is very large. Evidently changes in genome size are either the cause or the result of speciation. Typical autopolyploids had the expected additive DNA amount of their diploid parents, whereas natural and synthetic cytologically diploidized autopolyploids and natural and synthetic allopolyploids had significantly less DNA than the sum of their parents. Thus, genome downsizing, occurring during or immediately after the formation of these polyploids, provides the physical basis for their cytological diploidization, that is, diploid-like meiotic behavior. Possible mechanisms that are involved in genome downsizing and the biological significance of this phenomenon are discussed.
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