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Kumar A, Kapoor P, Chunduri V, Sharma S, Garg M. Potential of Aegilops sp. for Improvement of Grain Processing and Nutritional Quality in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:308. [PMID: 30936886 PMCID: PMC6431632 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is one of the most important staple crops in the world and good source of calories and nutrition. Its flour and dough have unique physical properties and can be processed to make unique products like bread, cakes, biscuits, pasta, noodles etc., which is not possible from other staple crops. Due to domestication, the genetic variability of the genes coding for different economically important traits in wheat is narrow. This genetic variability can be increased by utilizing its wild relatives. Its closest relative, genus Aegilops can be an important source of new alleles. Aegilops has played a very important role in evolution of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat. It consists of 22 species with C, D, M, N, S, T and U genomes with high allelic diversity relative to wheat. Its utilization for wheat improvement for various abiotic and biotic stresses has been reported by various scientific publications. Here in, for the first time, we review the potential of Aegilops for improvement of processing and nutritional traits in wheat. Among processing quality related gluten proteins; high molecular weight glutenins (HMW GS), being easiest to study have been explored in highest number of accessions or lines i.e., 681 belonging to 13 species and selected ones like Ae. searsii, Ae. geniculata and Ae. longissima have been linked with improved bread making quality of wheat. Gliadins and low molecular weight glutenins (LMW GS) have also been extensively explored for wheat improvement and Ae. umbellulata specific LMW GS have been linked with wheat bread making quality improvement. Aegilops has been explored for seed texture diversity and proteins like puroindolins (Pin) and grain softness proteins (GSP). For nutrition quality improvement, it has been screened for essential micronutrients like Fe, Zn, phytochemicals like carotenoids and dietary fibers like arabinoxylan and β-glucan. Ae. kotschyi and Ae. biuncialis transfer in wheat have been associated with higher Fe, Zn content. In this article we have tried to compile information available on exploration of nutritional and processing quality related traits in Aegilops section and their utilization for wheat improvement by different approaches.
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Dubois B, Bertin P, Muhovski Y, Escarnot E, Mingeot D. Development of TaqMan probes targeting the four major celiac disease epitopes found in α-gliadin sequences of spelt ( Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) and bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum ssp. aestivum). PLANT METHODS 2017; 13:72. [PMID: 28912827 PMCID: PMC5588674 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-017-0222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celiac disease (CD) is caused by specific sequences of gluten proteins found in cereals such as bread wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. aestivum) and spelt (T. aestivum ssp. spelta). Among them, the α-gliadins display the highest immunogenicity, with four T-cell stimulatory epitopes. The toxicity of each epitope sequence can be reduced or even suppressed according to the allelic form of each sequence. One way to address the CD problem would be to make use of this allelic variability in breeding programs to develop safe varieties, but tools to track the presence of toxic epitopes are required. The objective of this study was to develop a tool to accurately detect and quantify the immunogenic content of expressed α-gliadins of spelt and bread wheat. RESULTS Four TaqMan probes that only hybridize to the canonical-i.e. toxic-form of each of the four epitopes were developed and their specificity was demonstrated. Six TaqMan probes targeting stable reference genes were also developed and constitute a tool to normalize qPCR data. The probes were used to measure the epitope expression levels of 11 contrasted spelt accessions and three ancestral diploid accessions of bread wheat and spelt. A high expression variability was highlighted among epitopes and among accessions, especially in Asian spelts, which showed lower epitope expression levels than the other spelts. Some discrepancies were identified between the canonical epitope expression level and the global amount of expressed α-gliadins, which makes the designed TaqMan probes a useful tool to quantify the immunogenic potential independently of the global amount of expressed α-gliadins. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in this study provide useful tools to study the immunogenic potential of expressed α-gliadin sequences from Triticeae accessions such as spelt and bread wheat. The application of the designed probes to contrasted spelt accessions revealed a high variability and interesting low canonical epitope expression levels in the Asian spelt accessions studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Dubois
- Département Sciences du vivant, Centre wallon de Recherches agronomiques (CRA-W), Chaussée de Charleroi, 234, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
- Earth and Life Institute – Agronomy, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Croix du Sud, 2 bte L7.05.11, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pierre Bertin
- Earth and Life Institute – Agronomy, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Croix du Sud, 2 bte L7.05.11, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Yordan Muhovski
- Département Sciences du vivant, Centre wallon de Recherches agronomiques (CRA-W), Chaussée de Charleroi, 234, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Emmanuelle Escarnot
- Département Sciences du vivant, Centre wallon de Recherches agronomiques (CRA-W), Rue de Liroux, 4, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Dominique Mingeot
- Département Sciences du vivant, Centre wallon de Recherches agronomiques (CRA-W), Chaussée de Charleroi, 234, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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Dubois B, Bertin P, Mingeot D. Molecular diversity of α-gliadin expressed genes in genetically contrasted spelt ( Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) accessions and comparison with bread wheat ( T. aestivum ssp. aestivum) and related diploid Triticum and Aegilops species. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2016; 36:152. [PMID: 27942245 PMCID: PMC5104789 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-016-0569-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The gluten proteins of cereals such as bread wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. aestivum) and spelt (T. aestivum ssp. spelta) are responsible for celiac disease (CD). The α-gliadins constitute the most immunogenic class of gluten proteins as they include four main T-cell stimulatory epitopes that affect CD patients. Spelt has been less studied than bread wheat and could constitute a source of valuable diversity. The objective of this work was to study the genetic diversity of spelt α-gliadin transcripts and to compare it with those of bread wheat. Genotyping data from 85 spelt accessions obtained with 19 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to select 11 contrasted accessions, from which 446 full open reading frame α-gliadin genes were cloned and sequenced, which revealed a high allelic diversity. High variations among the accessions were highlighted, in terms of the proportion of α-gliadin sequences from each of the three genomes (A, B and D), and their composition in the four T-cell stimulatory epitopes. An accession from Tajikistan stood out, having a particularly high proportion of α-gliadins from the B genome and a low immunogenic content. Even if no clear separation between spelt and bread wheat sequences was shown, spelt α-gliadins displayed specific features concerning e.g. the frequencies of some amino acid substitutions. Given this observation and the variations in toxicity revealed in the spelt accessions in this study, the high genetic diversity held in spelt germplasm collections could be a valuable resource in the development of safer varieties for CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Dubois
- Centre wallon de Recherches agronomiques (CRA-W), Département Sciences du vivant, Chaussée de Charleroi, 234, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
- Earth and Life Institute – Agronomy, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Croix du Sud, 2 bte L7.05.11, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pierre Bertin
- Earth and Life Institute – Agronomy, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Croix du Sud, 2 bte L7.05.11, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Dominique Mingeot
- Centre wallon de Recherches agronomiques (CRA-W), Département Sciences du vivant, Chaussée de Charleroi, 234, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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Juhász A, Haraszi R, Maulis C. ProPepper: a curated database for identification and analysis of peptide and immune-responsive epitope composition of cereal grain protein families. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2015; 2015:bav100. [PMID: 26450949 PMCID: PMC4597978 DOI: 10.1093/database/bav100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ProPepper is a database that contains prolamin proteins identified from true grasses (Poaceae), their peptides obtained with single- and multi-enzyme in silico digestions as well as linear T- and B-cell-specific epitopes that are responsible for wheat-related food disorders. The integrated database and analysis platform contains datasets that are collected from multiple public databases (UniprotKB, IEDB, NCBI GenBank), manually curated and annotated, and interpreted in three main data tables: Protein-, Peptide- and Epitope list views that are cross-connected by unique identifications. Altogether 21 genera and 80 different species are represented. Currently, the database contains 2146 unique and complete protein sequences related to 2618 GenBank entries and 35 657 unique peptide sequences that are a result of 575 110 unique digestion events obtained by in silico digestion methods involving six proteolytic enzymes and their combinations. The interface allows advanced global and parametric search functions along with a download option, with direct connections to the relevant public databases. Database URL:https://propepper.net
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Affiliation(s)
- Angéla Juhász
- Applied Genomics Department, MTA Centre for Agricultural Research, Brunszvik u. 2, Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary,
| | - Réka Haraszi
- Campden BRI, Station road, Chipping Campden GL55 6LD, UK and
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Li GR, Lang T, Yang EN, Liu C, Yang ZJ. Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of α-gliadin gene sequences reveals significant genomic divergence in Triticeae species. J Genet 2015; 93:725-31. [PMID: 25572231 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-014-0441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although the unique properties of wheat α-gliadin gene family are well characterized, little is known about the evolution and genomic divergence of α-gliadin gene family within the Triticeae. We isolated a total of 203 α-gliadin gene sequences from 11 representative diploid and polyploid Triticeae species, and found 108 sequences putatively functional. Our results indicate that α-gliadin genes may have possibly originated from wild Secale species, where the sequences contain the shortest repetitive domains and display minimum variation. A miniature inverted-repeat transposable element insertion is reported for the first time in α-gliadin gene sequence of Thinopyrum intermedium in this study, indicating that the transposable element might have contributed to the diversification of α-gliadin genes family among Triticeae genomes. The phylogenetic analyses revealed that the α-gliadin gene sequences of Dasypyrum, Australopyrum, Lophopyrum, Eremopyrum and Pseudoroengeria species have amplified several times. A search for four typical toxic epitopes for celiac disease within the Triticeae α-gliadin gene sequences showed that the α-gliadins of wild Secale, Australopyrum and Agropyron genomes lack all four epitopes, while other Triticeae species have accumulated these epitopes, suggesting that the evolution of these toxic epitopes sequences occurred during the course of speciation, domestication or polyploidization of Triticeae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Rong Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Y, Luo G, Liu D, Wang D, Yang W, Sun J, Zhang A, Zhan K. Genome-, Transcriptome- and Proteome-Wide Analyses of the Gliadin Gene Families in Triticum urartu. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131559. [PMID: 26132381 PMCID: PMC4489009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliadins are the major components of storage proteins in wheat grains, and they play an essential role in the dough extensibility and nutritional quality of flour. Because of the large number of the gliadin family members, the high level of sequence identity, and the lack of abundant genomic data for Triticum species, identifying the full complement of gliadin family genes in hexaploid wheat remains challenging. Triticum urartu is a wild diploid wheat species and considered the A-genome donor of polyploid wheat species. The accession PI428198 (G1812) was chosen to determine the complete composition of the gliadin gene families in the wheat A-genome using the available draft genome. Using a PCR-based cloning strategy for genomic DNA and mRNA as well as a bioinformatics analysis of genomic sequence data, 28 gliadin genes were characterized. Of these genes, 23 were α-gliadin genes, three were γ-gliadin genes and two were ω-gliadin genes. An RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) survey of the dynamic expression patterns of gliadin genes revealed that their synthesis in immature grains began prior to 10 days post-anthesis (DPA), peaked at 15 DPA and gradually decreased at 20 DPA. The accumulation of proteins encoded by 16 of the expressed gliadin genes was further verified and quantified using proteomic methods. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the homologs of these α-gliadin genes were present in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat, which was consistent with T. urartu being the A-genome progenitor species. This study presents a systematic investigation of the gliadin gene families in T. urartu that spans the genome, transcriptome and proteome, and it provides new information to better understand the molecular structure, expression profiles and evolution of the gliadin genes in T. urartu and common wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Zhang
- College of Agronomy/The Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Crops in Henan, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangbin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Dongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Jiazhu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Aimin Zhang
- College of Agronomy/The Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Crops in Henan, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (KZ); (AZ)
| | - Kehui Zhan
- College of Agronomy/The Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Crops in Henan, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (KZ); (AZ)
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Rasheed A, Xia X, Yan Y, Appels R, Mahmood T, He Z. Wheat seed storage proteins: Advances in molecular genetics, diversity and breeding applications. J Cereal Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Li J, Wang SL, Cao M, Lv DW, Subburaj S, Li XH, Zeller FJ, Hsam SLK, Yan YM. Cloning, expression, and evolutionary analysis of α-gliadin genes from Triticum and Aegilops genomes. J Appl Genet 2013; 54:157-67. [PMID: 23456845 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-013-0139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen novel α-gliadin genes were cloned and sequenced from Triticum and related Aegilops genomes by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR). Sequence comparison displayed high diversities in the α-gliadin gene family. Four toxic epitopes and glutamine residues in the two polyglutamine domains facilitated these α-gliadins to be assigned to specific chromosomes. Five representative α-gliadin genes were successfully expressed in Escherichia coli, and their amount reached a maximum after 4 h induced by isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG), indicating a high level of expression under the control of T7 promoter. The transcriptional expression of α-gliadin genes during grain development detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed a similar up-down regulation pattern in different genotypes. A neighbor-joining tree constructed with both full-open reading frame (ORF) α-gliadin genes and pseudogenes further revealed the origin and phylogenetic relationships among Triticum and related Aegilops genomes. The evolutionary analysis demonstrated that α-gliadin genes evolved mainly by synonymous substitutions under strong purifying selection during the evolutionary process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China
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