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Katche E, Katche EI, Vasquez-Teuber P, Idris Z, Lo YT, Nugent D, Zou J, Batley J, Mason AS. Genome composition in Brassica interspecific hybrids affects chromosome inheritance and viability of progeny. Chromosome Res 2023; 31:22. [PMID: 37596507 PMCID: PMC10439240 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-023-09733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Interspecific hybridization is widespread in nature and can result in the formation of new hybrid species as well as the transfer of traits between species. However, the fate of newly formed hybrid lineages is relatively understudied. We undertook pairwise crossing between multiple genotypes of three Brassica allotetraploid species Brassica juncea (2n = AABB), Brassica carinata (2n = BBCC), and Brassica napus (2n = AACC) to generate AABC, BBAC, and CCAB interspecific hybrids and investigated chromosome inheritance and fertility in these hybrids and their self-pollinated progeny. Surprisingly, despite the presence of a complete diploid genome in all hybrids, hybrid fertility was very low. AABC and BBAC first generation (F1) hybrids both averaged ~16% pollen viability compared to 3.5% in CCAB hybrids: most CCAB hybrid flowers were male-sterile. AABC and CCAB F1 hybrid plants averaged 5.5 and 0.5 seeds per plant, respectively, and BBAC F1 hybrids ~56 seeds/plant. In the second generation (S1), all confirmed self-pollinated progeny resulting from CCAB hybrids were sterile, producing no self-pollinated seeds. Three AABC S1 hybrids putatively resulting from unreduced gametes produced 3, 14, and 182 seeds each, while other AABC S1 hybrids averaged 1.5 seeds/plant (0-8). BBAC S1 hybrids averaged 44 seeds/plant (range 0-403). We also observed strong bias towards retention rather than loss of the haploid genomes, suggesting that the subgenomes in the Brassica allotetraploids are already highly interdependent, such that loss of one subgenome is detrimental to fertility and viability. Our results suggest that relationships between subgenomes determine hybridization outcomes in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Katche
- Plant Breeding Department, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Ihien Katche
- Plant Breeding Department, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Plant Breeding Department, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Paula Vasquez-Teuber
- Plant Breeding Department, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Plant Breeding Department, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez, 595, Chillán, Chile
| | - Zurianti Idris
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Yu-Tzu Lo
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - David Nugent
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Jun Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Annaliese S Mason
- Plant Breeding Department, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
- Plant Breeding Department, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Yuan J, Shi G, Yang Y, Braynen J, Shi X, Wei X, Hao Z, Zhang X, Yuan Y, Tian B, Xie Z, Wei F. Non-homologous chromosome pairing during meiosis in haploid Brassica rapa. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:2421-2434. [PMID: 34542669 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cytological observations of chromosome pairing showed that evolutionarily genome duplication might reshape non-homologous pairing during meiosis in haploid B. rapa. A vast number of flowering plants have evolutionarily undergone whole genome duplication (WGD) event. Typically, Brassica rapa is currently considered as an evolutionary mesohexaploid, which has more complicated genomic constitution among flowering plants. In this study, we demonstrated chromosome behaviors in haploid B. rapa to understand how meiosis proceeds in presence of a single homolog. The findings showed that a diploid-like chromosome pairing was generally adapted during meiosis in haploid B. rapa. Non-homologous chromosomes in haploid cells paired at a high-frequency at metaphase I, over 50% of examined meiocytes showed at least three pairs of bivalents then equally segregated at anaphase I during meiosis. The fluorescence immunostaining showed that the cytoskeletal configurations were mostly well-organized during meiosis. Moreover, the expressed genes identified at meiosis in floral development was rather similar between haploid and diploid B. rapa, especially the expression of known hallmark genes pivotal to chromosome synapsis and homologous recombination were mostly in haploid B. rapa. Whole-genome duplication evolutionarily homology of genomic segments might be an important reason for this phenomenon, which would reshape the first division course of meiosis and influence pollen development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Gongyao Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Janeen Braynen
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xinjie Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiaochun Wei
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T & R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Zhuolin Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T & R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yuxiang Yuan
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T & R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Baoming Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Zhengqing Xie
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Fang Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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Soares NR, Mollinari M, Oliveira GK, Pereira GS, Vieira MLC. Meiosis in Polyploids and Implications for Genetic Mapping: A Review. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101517. [PMID: 34680912 PMCID: PMC8535482 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant cytogenetic studies have provided essential knowledge on chromosome behavior during meiosis, contributing to our understanding of this complex process. In this review, we describe in detail the meiotic process in auto- and allopolyploids from the onset of prophase I through pairing, recombination, and bivalent formation, highlighting recent findings on the genetic control and mode of action of specific proteins that lead to diploid-like meiosis behavior in polyploid species. During the meiosis of newly formed polyploids, related chromosomes (homologous in autopolyploids; homologous and homoeologous in allopolyploids) can combine in complex structures called multivalents. These structures occur when multiple chromosomes simultaneously pair, synapse, and recombine. We discuss the effectiveness of crossover frequency in preventing multivalent formation and favoring regular meiosis. Homoeologous recombination in particular can generate new gene (locus) combinations and phenotypes, but it may destabilize the karyotype and lead to aberrant meiotic behavior, reducing fertility. In crop species, understanding the factors that control pairing and recombination has the potential to provide plant breeders with resources to make fuller use of available chromosome variations in number and structure. We focused on wheat and oilseed rape, since there is an abundance of elucidating studies on this subject, including the molecular characterization of the Ph1 (wheat) and PrBn (oilseed rape) loci, which are known to play a crucial role in regulating meiosis. Finally, we exploited the consequences of chromosome pairing and recombination for genetic map construction in polyploids, highlighting two case studies of complex genomes: (i) modern sugarcane, which has a man-made genome harboring two subgenomes with some recombinant chromosomes; and (ii) hexaploid sweet potato, a naturally occurring polyploid. The recent inclusion of allelic dosage information has improved linkage estimation in polyploids, allowing multilocus genetic maps to be constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Reis Soares
- Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba 13400-918, Brazil; (N.R.S.); (G.K.O.); (G.S.P.)
| | - Marcelo Mollinari
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7566, USA;
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7555, USA
| | - Gleicy K. Oliveira
- Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba 13400-918, Brazil; (N.R.S.); (G.K.O.); (G.S.P.)
| | - Guilherme S. Pereira
- Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba 13400-918, Brazil; (N.R.S.); (G.K.O.); (G.S.P.)
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Carneiro Vieira
- Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba 13400-918, Brazil; (N.R.S.); (G.K.O.); (G.S.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Mason AS, Snowdon RJ. Oilseed rape: learning about ancient and recent polyploid evolution from a recent crop species. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2016; 18:883-892. [PMID: 27063780 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is one of our youngest crop species, arising several times under cultivation in the last few thousand years and completely unknown in the wild. Oilseed rape originated from hybridisation events between progenitor diploid species B. rapa and B. oleracea, both important vegetable species. The diploid progenitors are also ancient polyploids, with remnants of two previous polyploidisation events evident in the triplicated genome structure. This history of polyploid evolution and human agricultural selection makes B. napus an excellent model with which to investigate processes of genomic evolution and selection in polyploid crops. The ease of de novo interspecific hybridisation, responsiveness to tissue culture, and the close relationship of oilseed rape to the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, coupled with the recent availability of reference genome sequences and suites of molecular cytogenetic and high-throughput genotyping tools, allow detailed dissection of genetic, genomic and phenotypic interactions in this crop. In this review we discuss the past and present uses of B. napus as a model for polyploid speciation and evolution in crop species, along with current and developing analysis tools and resources. We further outline unanswered questions that may now be tractable to investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Mason
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - R J Snowdon
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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Kaneko Y, Bang SW. Interspecific and intergeneric hybridization and chromosomal engineering of Brassicaceae crops. BREEDING SCIENCE 2014; 64:14-22. [PMID: 24987287 PMCID: PMC4031106 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.64.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In Brassicaceae crop breeding programs, wild relatives have been evaluated as genetic resources to develop new cultivars with biotic and abiotic stress resistance. This has become necessary because of the diversification of ecotypes of diseases and pests, changing food preferences, advances in production technology, the use of new approaches such as in vitro breeding programs, and the need for economical production of F1 seed. To produce potential new cultivars, interspecific and intergeneric hybridizations have been performed between cultivated species and between cultivated species and their wild relatives. Furthermore, interspecific and intergeneric hybrids have been successfully produced using embryo rescue techniques. In this paper, we review the interspecific and intergeneric incompatibilities between Brassicaceae crops and their wild relatives, and the production, characterization, and improvement of synthetic amphidiploid lines, alien gene introgression lines, alloplasmic lines, monosomic alien chromosome addition lines, and monosomic alien chromosome substitution lines. The goal is to provide useful materials to support practical breeding strategies and to study the genetic effects of individual chromosomes on plant traits, the number of genes that control a trait, their linkage relationships, and genetic improvement in Brassicaceae crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Kaneko
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University,
350 Minemachi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505,
Japan
| | - Sang Woo Bang
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University,
350 Minemachi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505,
Japan
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Andriantahina F, Liu X, Huang H. Genetic map construction and quantitative trait locus (QTL) detection of growth-related traits in Litopenaeus vannamei for selective breeding applications. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75206. [PMID: 24086466 PMCID: PMC3783498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth is a priority trait from the point of view of genetic improvement. Molecular markers linked to quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been regarded as useful for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in complex traits as growth. Using an intermediate F2 cross of slow and fast growth parents, a genetic linkage map of Pacific whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeusvannamei, based on amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers was constructed. Meanwhile, QTL analysis was performed for growth-related traits. The linkage map consisted of 451 marker loci (429 AFLPs and 22 SSRs) which formed 49 linkage groups with an average marker space of 7.6 cM; they spanned a total length of 3627.6 cM, covering 79.50% of estimated genome size. 14 QTLs were identified for growth-related traits, including three QTLs for body weight (BW), total length (TL) and partial carapace length (PCL), two QTLs for body length (BL), one QTL for first abdominal segment depth (FASD), third abdominal segment depth (TASD) and first abdominal segment width (FASW), which explained 2.62 to 61.42% of phenotypic variation. Moreover, comparison of linkage maps between L. vannamei and Penaeusjaponicus was applied, providing a new insight into the genetic base of QTL affecting the growth-related traits. The new results will be useful for conducting MAS breeding schemes in L. vannamei .
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Affiliation(s)
- Farafidy Andriantahina
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Huang
- Hainan Guangtai Ocean Breeding Company Limited, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
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Cifuentes M, Rivard M, Pereira L, Chelysheva L, Mercier R. Haploid meiosis in Arabidopsis: double-strand breaks are formed and repaired but without synapsis and crossovers. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72431. [PMID: 23951324 PMCID: PMC3737152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Two hallmark features of meiosis are i) the formation of crossovers (COs) between homologs and ii) the production of genetically-unique haploid spores that will fuse to restore the somatic ploidy level upon fertilization. In this study we analysed meiosis in haploid Arabidopsis thaliana plants and a range of haploid mutants to understand how meiosis progresses without a homolog. Extremely low chiasma frequency and very limited synapsis occurred in wild-type haploids. The resulting univalents segregated in two uneven groups at the first division, and sister chromatids segregated to opposite poles at the second division, leading to the production of unbalanced spores. DNA double-strand breaks that initiate meiotic recombination were formed, but in half the number compared to diploid meiosis. They were repaired in a RAD51- and REC8-dependent manner, but independently of DMC1, presumably using the sister chromatid as a template. Additionally, turning meiosis into mitosis (MiMe genotype) in haploids resulted in the production of balanced haploid gametes and restoration of fertility. The variability of the effect on meiosis of the absence of homologous chromosomes in different organisms is then discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cifuentes
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
| | - Maud Rivard
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
| | - Lucie Pereira
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
| | - Liudmila Chelysheva
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
| | - Raphael Mercier
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
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Choudhary BR, Joshi P. Cytomorphology of Brassica juncea × B. napus Hybrids and Pattern of Variation in the F 2 Derivatives. CYTOLOGIA 2013. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.78.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - P. Joshi
- Agricultural Research Station, Agriculture University
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9
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Cytoplasmic and genomic effects on meiotic pairing in Brassica hybrids and allotetraploids from pair crosses of three cultivated diploids. Genetics 2012; 191:725-38. [PMID: 22505621 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.112.140780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Interspecific hybridization and allopolyploidization contribute to the origin of many important crops. Synthetic Brassica is a widely used model for the study of genetic recombination and "fixed heterosis" in allopolyploids. To investigate the effects of the cytoplasm and genome combinations on meiotic recombination, we produced digenomic diploid and triploid hybrids and trigenomic triploid hybrids from the reciprocal crosses of three Brassica diploids (B. rapa, AA; B. nigra, BB; B. oleracea, CC). The chromosomes in the resultant hybrids were doubled to obtain three allotetraploids (B. juncea, AA.BB; B. napus, AA.CC; B. carinata, BB.CC). Intra- and intergenomic chromosome pairings in these hybrids were quantified using genomic in situ hybridization and BAC-FISH. The level of intra- and intergenomic pairings varied significantly, depending on the genome combinations and the cytoplasmic background and/or their interaction. The extent of intragenomic pairing was less than that of intergenomic pairing within each genome. The extent of pairing variations within the B genome was less than that within the A and C genomes, each of which had a similar extent of pairing. Synthetic allotetraploids exhibited nondiploidized meiotic behavior, and their chromosomal instabilities were correlated with the relationship of the genomes and cytoplasmic background. Our results highlight the specific roles of the cytoplasm and genome to the chromosomal behaviors of hybrids and allopolyploids.
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Choudhary BR, Joshi P. Crossability of Brassica carinata and B. tournefortii, and Cytomorphology of Their F 1 Hybrid. CYTOLOGIA 2012. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.77.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - P. Joshi
- Agricultural Research Station (SK RAU)
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Lee YI, Chang FC, Chung MC. Chromosome pairing affinities in interspecific hybrids reflect phylogenetic distances among lady's slipper orchids (Paphiopedilum). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2011; 108:113-21. [PMID: 21576078 PMCID: PMC3119621 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcr114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Lady's slipper orchids (Paphiopedilum) are of high value in floriculture, and interspecific hybridization has long been used for breeding improved cultivars; however, information regarding the genome affinities of species and chromosome pairing behaviour of the hybrids remains almost unknown. The present work analyses the meiotic behaviour of interspecific hybrids by genomic in situ hybridization and cytologically evaluates the genomic relationships among parental species. METHODS Eight interspecific F(1) hybrids of Paphiopedilum species in various subgenera or sections were investigated in this study. The chromosome behaviour in meiosis of these interspecific hybrids was analysed and subjected to genomic in situ hybridization and fluorescent in situ hybridization. KEY RESULTS Genomic in situ hybridization was demonstrated as an efficient method to differentiate between Paphiopedilum genomes and to visualize the chromosome pairing affinities in interspecific F(1) hybrids, clarifying the phylogenetic distances among these species. Comparatively regular chromosome pairing observed in the hybrids of P. delenatii × P. bellatulum, P. delenatii × P. rothschildianum and P. rothschildianum × P. bellatulum suggested high genomic affinities and close relationships between parents of each hybrid. In contrast, irregular chromosome associations, such as univalents, trivalents and quadrivalents occurred frequently in the hybrids derived from distant parents with divergent karyotypes, such as P. delenatii × P. callosum, P. delenatii × P. glaucophyllum, P. rothschildianum × P. micranthum and P. rothschildianum × P. moquetteanum. The existence of multivalents and autosyndesis demonstrated by genomic in situ hybridization in this study indicates that some micro-rearrangements and other structural alterations may also play a part in differentiating Paphiopedilum species at chromosomal level, demonstrated as different chromosome pairing affinities in interspecific hybrids. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that genome homology and the interaction of genetic factors, but not chromosome number nor karyotype similarity, determine the chromosome pairing behaviour in Paphiopedilum hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-I Lee
- Botany Department, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Chi Chang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chu Chung
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- For correspondence. E-mail
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Mason AS, Nelson MN, Castello MC, Yan G, Cowling WA. Genotypic effects on the frequency of homoeologous and homologous recombination in Brassica napus × B. carinata hybrids. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2011; 122:543-53. [PMID: 21046065 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-010-1468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of genotype on homoeologous and homologous recombination frequency in eight different Brassica napus (AAC(n)C(n)) × B. carinata (BBC(c)C(c)) interspecific hybrids (genome composition C(n)C(c)AB). Meiotic recombination events were assessed through microsatellite marker analysis of 67 unreduced microspore-derived progeny. Thirty-four microsatellite markers amplified 83 A-, B-, C(n)- and C(c)-genome alleles at 64 loci, of which a subset of seven markers amplifying 26 alleles could be used to determine allele copy number. Hybrid genotypes varied significantly in loss of A- and B-genome alleles (P < 0.0001), which ranged from 6 to 22% between hybrid progeny sets. Allele copy number analysis revealed 19 A-C, 3 A-B and 10 B-C duplication/deletion events attributed to homoeologous recombination. Additionally, 55 deletions and 19 duplications without an accompanying dosage change in homoeologous alleles were detected. Hybrid progeny sets varied in observed frequencies of loss, gain and exchange of alleles across the A and B genomes as well as in the diploid C genome. Self-fertility in hybrid progeny decreased as the loss of B-genome loci (but not A-genome loci) increased. Hybrid genotypes with high levels of homologous and homoeologous exchange may be exploited for genetic introgressions between B. carinata and B. napus (canola), and those with low levels may be used to develop stable synthetic Brassica allopolyploids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaliese S Mason
- School of Plant Biology and The UWA Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
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Genome structure affects the rate of autosyndesis and allosyndesis in AABC, BBAC and CCAB Brassica interspecific hybrids. Chromosome Res 2010; 18:655-66. [PMID: 20571876 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-010-9140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 05/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene introgression into allopolyploid crop species from diploid or polyploid ancestors can be accomplished through homologous or homoeologous chromosome pairing during meiosis. We produced trigenomic Brassica interspecific hybrids (genome complements AABC, BBAC and CCAB) from the amphidiploid species Brassica napus (AACC), Brassica juncea (AABB) and Brassica carinata (BBCC) in order to test whether the structure of each genome affects frequencies of homologous and homoeologous (both allosyndetic and autosyndetic) pairing during meiosis. AABC hybrids produced from three genotypes of B. napus were included to assess the genetic control of homoeologous pairing. Multi-colour fluorescent in situ hybridisation was used to quantify homologous pairing (e.g. A-genome bivalents in AABC), allosyndetic associations (e.g. B-C in AABC) and autosyndetic associations (e.g. B-B in AABC) at meiosis. A high percentage of homologous chromosomes formed pairs (97.5-99.3%), although many pairs were also involved in autosyndetic and allosyndetic associations. Allosyndesis was observed most frequently as A-C genome associations (mean 4.0 per cell) and less frequently as A-B genome associations (0.8 per cell) and B-C genome associations (0.3 per cell). Autosyndesis occurred most frequently in the haploid A genome (0.75 A-A per cell) and least frequently in the haploid B genome (0.13 B-B per cell). The frequency of C-C autosyndesis was greater in BBAC hybrids (0.75 per cell) than in any other hybrid. The frequency of A-B, A-C and B-C allosyndesis was affected by the genomic structure of the trigenomic hybrids. Frequency of allosyndesis was also influenced by the genotype of the B. napus paternal parent for the three AABC (B. juncea × B. napus) hybrid types. Homoeologous pairing between the Brassica A, B and C genomes in interspecific hybrids may be influenced by complex interactions between genome structure and allelic composition.
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Yao XC, Du XZ, Ge XH, Chen JP, Li ZY. Intra- and intergenomic chromosome pairings revealed by dual-color GISH in trigenomic hybrids of Brassica juncea and B. carinata with B. maurorum. Genome 2010; 53:14-22. [PMID: 20130745 DOI: 10.1139/g09-082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
From dual-color genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) analysis of three trigenomic hybrids, Brassica maurorum (MM, 2n = 16) x B. juncea (AABB, 2n = 36) (M.AB), B. maurorum x B. carinata (BBCC, 2n = 34) (M.BC), and B. carinata x B. maurorum (BC.M), the three genomes of each hybrid were distinguished and autosyndesis and allosyndesis were evaluated. In M.AB, up to two autosyndetic bivalents occurred among the chromosomes of each genome; a maximum of three allosyndetic bivalents appeared between A-B, A-M, and B-M genomes. The similar pairings in M.BC and BC.M suggested that the cytoplasm of B. maurorum or B. carinata had no obvious effect on chromosome pairing. In M.BC and BC.M, a maximum of one autosyndetic bivalent was found for B and M genomes, but two were found for the C genome; from 0 to 2 allosyndetic bivalents were observed between B-C, B-M, and C-M genomes. The B-M allosyndesis frequency was higher than the A-M or C-M allosyndesis frequency in these hybrids, revealing the closer relationship of B and M genomes. The allosyndesis frequency was higher than the autosyndesis frequency among A, B, and C genomes in these combinations, suggesting that intergenomic homoeology was higher than intragenomic homoeology. The implications for genome evolution and crop breeding are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- X C Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Crop Molecular Breeding Technology, National Center of Oil Crop Improvement (Wuhan), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
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15
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Kapoor R, Banga SS, Banga SK. A microsatellite (SSR) based linkage map of Brassica rapa. N Biotechnol 2009; 26:239-43. [PMID: 19761878 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 09/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we describe the construction of a genetic linkage map for the Brassica rapa (AA) genome that will act as a key resource in undertaking future structural and functional genomic studies in B. rapa. A F(2) mapping population consisting of 48 F(2) individual plants developed following hybridization of 2 inbred lines Bathari mandi and IC 331817 was used to construct the map. The map comprises 53 SSR markers derived from 3 different public domain resources. Nine linkage groups along with a small subgroup were identified and designated as R(1)-R(9) through alignment and orientation using SSR markers in common with existing B. rapa reference linkage maps. The total length of the genetic linkage map was 354.6 cm with an average interval of 6.6 cm between adjacent loci. The length of linkage groups ranged from 28.0 cm to 44.2 cm for R(6) and R(1A), respectively. The number variability of markers in the 9 linkage groups ranged from 3 for R(6) to 10 for R(1). Of the 53 SSR markers assigned to the linkage groups, only 5 (9.4%) showed deviation from the expected segregation ratio. The development of this map is vital to the genome integration and genetic information and will enable the international research community to share resources and data for the improvement of B. rapa and other cultivated Brassica species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kapoor
- University Seed Farm, Ladhowal, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
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16
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Cheng Y, Geng J, Zhang J, Wang Q, Ban Q, Hou X. The construction of a genetic linkage map of non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino). J Genet Genomics 2009; 36:501-8. [PMID: 19683673 DOI: 10.1016/s1673-8527(08)60140-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2008] [Revised: 03/01/2009] [Accepted: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino) is one of the most important vegetables in eastern China. A genetic linkage map was constructed using 127 doubled haploid (DH) lines, and the DH population was derived from a commercial hybrid "Hanxiao" (lines SW-13 x L-118). Out of the 614 polymorphic markers, 43.49% were not assigned to any of the linkage groups(LGs). Chi-square tests showed that 42.67% markers were distorted from expected Mendelian segregation ratios, and the direction of distorted segregation was mainly toward the paternal parent L-118. After sequentially removing the markers that had an interval distance smaller than 1 cM from the upper marker, the overall quality of the linkage map was increased. Two hundred and sixty-eight molecular markers were mapped into 10 LGs, which were anchored to the corresponding chromosome of the B. rapa reference map based on common simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The map covers 973.38 cM of the genome and the average interval distance between markers was 3.63 cM. The number of markers on each LG ranged from 18 (R08) to 64 (R07), with an average interval distance within a single LG from 1.70 cM (R07) to 6.71 cM (R06). Among these mapped markers, 169 were sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) molecular markers, 50 were SSR markers and 49 were random amplification polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. With further saturation to the LG, the current map offers a genetic tool for loci analysis for important agronomic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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17
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Nicolas SD, Leflon M, Liu Z, Eber F, Chelysheva L, Coriton O, Chèvre AM, Jenczewski E. Chromosome 'speed dating' during meiosis of polyploid Brassica hybrids and haploids. Cytogenet Genome Res 2008; 120:331-8. [PMID: 18504362 DOI: 10.1159/000121082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2007] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Given their tremendous importance for correct chromosome segregation, the number and distribution of crossovers are tightly controlled during meiosis. In this review, we give an overview of crossover formation in polyploid Brassica hybrids and haploids that illustrates or underscores several aspects of crossover control. We first demonstrate that multiple targets for crossover formation (i.e. different but related chromosomes or duplicated regions) are sorted out during meiosis based on their level of relatedness. In euploid Brassica napus (AACC; 2n = 38), crossovers essentially occur between homologous chromosomes and only a few of them form between homeologues. The situation is different in B. napus haploids in which crossovers preferentially occur between homeologous chromosomes and a few can then form between more divergent duplicated regions. We then provide evidence that the frequency of crossovers between a given pair of chromosomes is influenced by the karyotypic and genetic composition of the plants that undergo meiosis. For instance, genetic evidence indicates that the number of crossovers between exactly the same pairs of homologous A chromosomes gets a boost in Brassica digenomic tetraploid (AACC) and triploid (AAC) hybrids. Increased autosyndesis within B. napus haploids as compared to monoploid B. rapa and B. oleracea is another illustration of this process. All these observations may suggest that polyploidization overall boosts up crossover machinery and/or that the number of crossovers is modulated through inter-bivalents or univalent-bivalent cross-talk effects. The last part of this review gives an up-to-date account of what we know about the genetic control of homologous and homeologous crossover formation among Brassica species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Nicolas
- UMR INRA-Agrocampus Rennes, Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales, Le Rheu, France
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18
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Ge XH, Li ZY. Intra- and intergenomic homology of B-genome chromosomes in trigenomic combinations of the cultivated Brassica species revealed by GISH analysis. Chromosome Res 2007; 15:849-61. [PMID: 17899408 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-007-1168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Revised: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intragenomic chromosome homology in the B genome of Brassica nigra and their homoeology with the chromosomes of the A-genome of B. rapa and C-genome of B. oleracea was investigated in triploids (ABC, n = 27) of different origins obtained following hybridizations between natural B. napus (AACC, 2n = 38) x B. nigra (BB, 2n = 16) [AC.B], synthetic B. napus x B. nigra [A.C.B] and B. carinata (BBCC, 2n = 34) x B. rapa (AA, 2n = 20) [BC.A]. A relatively high percentage of pollen mother cells (PMCs) with at least one B-genome chromosome paired allosyndetically with A/C chromosomes was evident in all three combinations. A maximum of three B-genome chromosomes undergoing allosyndesis per cell was observed in AC.B and A.C.B combinations. A maximum of two autosyndetic bivalents within the B genome appeared at diakinesis in all combinations. The accurate analyses of auto- and allo-syndetic pairing for B genome in trigenomic combinations provided further evidence for the hypothesis that the three basic diploid genomes of the cultivated Brassica species evolved from one common ancestral genome with a lower chromosome number. The results showed that Brassica diploids may not be ancient polyploids but may have undergone chromosomal duplications instead of whole-genome duplication. The relevance of these results along with genetic changes of progenitor genomes which occurred during the evolution of Brassica polyploids is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Hong Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Crop Molecular Breeding Technology, National Center of Oil Crop Improvement (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
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Choi SR, Teakle GR, Plaha P, Kim JH, Allender CJ, Beynon E, Piao ZY, Soengas P, Han TH, King GJ, Barker GC, Hand P, Lydiate DJ, Batley J, Edwards D, Koo DH, Bang JW, Park BS, Lim YP. The reference genetic linkage map for the multinational Brassica rapa genome sequencing project. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2007; 115:777-92. [PMID: 17646962 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-007-0608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe the construction of a reference genetic linkage map for the Brassica A genome, which will form the backbone for anchoring sequence contigs for the Multinational Brassica rapa Genome Sequencing Project. Seventy-eight doubled haploid lines derived from anther culture of the F(1) of a cross between two diverse Chinese cabbage (B. rapa ssp. pekinensis) inbred lines, 'Chiifu-401-42' (C) and 'Kenshin-402-43' (K) were used to construct the map. The map comprises a total of 556 markers, including 278 AFLP, 235 SSR, 25 RAPD and 18 ESTP, STS and CAPS markers. Ten linkage groups were identified and designated as R1-R10 through alignment and orientation using SSR markers in common with existing B. napus reference linkage maps. The total length of the linkage map was 1,182 cM with an average interval of 2.83 cM between adjacent loci. The length of linkage groups ranged from 81 to 161 cM for R04 and R06, respectively. The use of 235 SSR markers allowed us to align the A-genome chromosomes of B. napus with those of B. rapa ssp. pekinensis. The development of this map is vital to the integration of genome sequence and genetic information and will enable the international research community to share resources and data for the improvement of B. rapa and other cultivated Brassica species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Ryun Choi
- Department of Horticulture, Genome Research Center, Chungnam National University, Kung-Dong 220, Yusong-Gu, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
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20
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Nicolas SD, Le Mignon G, Eber F, Coriton O, Monod H, Clouet V, Huteau V, Lostanlen A, Delourme R, Chalhoub B, Ryder CD, Chèvre AM, Jenczewski E. Homeologous recombination plays a major role in chromosome rearrangements that occur during meiosis of Brassica napus haploids. Genetics 2006; 175:487-503. [PMID: 17151256 PMCID: PMC1800630 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.106.062968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements can be triggered by recombination between distinct but related regions. Brassica napus (AACC; 2n = 38) is a recent allopolyploid species whose progenitor genomes are widely replicated. In this article, we analyze the extent to which chromosomal rearrangements originate from homeologous recombination during meiosis of haploid B. napus (n = 19) by genotyping progenies of haploid x euploid B. napus with molecular markers. Our study focuses on three pairs of homeologous regions selected for their differing levels of divergence (N1/N11, N3/N13, and N9/N18). We show that a high number of chromosomal rearrangements occur during meiosis of B. napus haploid and are transmitted by first division restitution (FDR)-like unreduced gametes to their progeny; half of the progeny of Darmor-bzh haploids display duplications and/or losses in the chromosomal regions being studied. We demonstrate that half of these rearrangements are due to recombination between regions of primary homeology, which represents a 10- to 100-fold increase compared to the frequency of homeologous recombination measured in euploid lines. Some of the other rearrangements certainly result from recombination between paralogous regions because we observed an average of one to two autosyndetic A-A and/or C-C bivalents at metaphase I of the B. napus haploid. These results are discussed in the context of genome evolution of B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane D Nicolas
- UMR INRA-Agrocampus Rennes, Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales, 35653 Le Rheu, France
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21
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Leflon M, Eber F, Letanneur JC, Chelysheva L, Coriton O, Huteau V, Ryder CD, Barker G, Jenczewski E, Chèvre AM. Pairing and recombination at meiosis of Brassica rapa (AA) x Brassica napus (AACC) hybrids. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2006; 113:1467-80. [PMID: 16983552 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-006-0393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Accepted: 08/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Interspecific crosses contribute significantly to plant evolution enabling gene exchanges between species. The efficiency of interspecific crosses depends on the similarity between the implicated genomes as high levels of genome similarity are required to ensure appropriate chromosome pairing and genetic recombination. Brassica napus (AACC) is an allopolyploid, resulting from natural hybridization between Brassica rapa (AA) and Brassica oleracea (CC), both being diploid species derived from a common ancestor. To study the relationships between genomes of these Brassica species, we have determined simultaneously the pairing and recombination pattern of A and C chromosomes during meiosis of AAC triploid hybrids, which result from the interspecific cross between natural B. napus and B. rapa. Different AAC triploid hybrids and their progenies have been analysed using cytogenetic, BAC-FISH, and molecular techniques. In 71% of the pollen mother cells, homologous A chromosomes paired regularly, and usually one chromosome of each pair was transmitted to the progeny. C chromosomes remained mainly univalent, but were involved in homoeologous pairing in 21.5% of the cells, and 13% of the transmitted C chromosomes were either recombined or broken. The rate of transmission of C chromosomes depended on the identity of the particular chromosome and on the way the hybrid was crossed, as the male or as the female parent, to B. napus or to B. rapa. Gene transfers in triploid hybrids are favoured between A genomes of B. rapa and B. napus, but also occur between A and C genomes though at lower rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leflon
- Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales, UMR INRA-Agrocampus, BP 35327, 35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
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22
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Heneen W, Chen B, Cheng B, Jonsson A, Simonsen V, Jørgensen R, Davik J. Characterization of the A and C Genomes of Brassica Campestrisand B. Alboglabra. Hereditas 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1995.00251.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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23
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Cheng BF, Olin-Fatih M, Heneen WK. Cytogenetic Studies on Brassica Campestris Primary Trisomics. Hereditas 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1993.00143.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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24
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Jenczewski E, Eber F, Grimaud A, Huet S, Lucas MO, Monod H, Chèvre AM. PrBn, a major gene controlling homeologous pairing in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) haploids. Genetics 2003; 164:645-53. [PMID: 12807785 PMCID: PMC1462591 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/164.2.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise control of chromosome pairing is vital for conferring meiotic, and hence reproductive, stability in sexually reproducing polyploids. Apart from the Ph1 locus of wheat that suppresses homeologous pairing, little is known about the activity of genes that contribute to the cytological diploidization of allopolyploids. In oilseed rape (Brassica napus) haploids, the amount of chromosome pairing at metaphase I (MI) of meiosis varies depending on the varieties the haploids originate from. In this study, we combined a segregation analysis with a maximum-likelihood approach to demonstrate that this variation is genetically based and controlled mainly by a gene with a major effect. A total of 244 haploids were produced from F(1) hybrids between a high- and a low-pairing variety (at the haploid stage) and their meiotic behavior at MI was characterized. Likelihood-ratio statistics were used to demonstrate that the distribution of the number of univalents among these haploids was consistent with the segregation of a diallelic major gene, presumably in a background of polygenic variation. Our observations suggest that this gene, named PrBn, is different from Ph1 and could thus provide complementary information on the meiotic stabilization of chromosome pairing in allopolyploid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Jenczewski
- UMR ENSAR-INRA, Station de Génétique et Amélioration des Plantes, F-35653 Le Rheu, France.
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25
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Gundimeda HR, Prakash S, Shivanna KR. Intergeneric hybrids between Enarthrocarpus lyratus, a wild species, and crop brassicas. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1992; 83:655-662. [PMID: 24202685 DOI: 10.1007/bf00226912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/1991] [Accepted: 08/08/1991] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Attempts were made to produce intergeneric hybrids between Enarthrocarpus lyratus, a wild species, and several species of crop brassicas: B. campestris, B. nigra, B. oleracea, B. juncea, B. napus and B. Carinata. Hybrids using E. lyratus as female parent were realized by means of embryo rescue in four combinations - E. lyratus x B. campestris, E. lyratus x B. oleracea, E. lyratus x B. napus and E. lyratus x B. carinata. Reciprocal crosses showed strong pre-fertilization barriers and yielded no hybrids except in one combination - B. Juncea x E. Lyratus - in which a single hybrid could be realized. All of the hybrids were multiplied in vitro through the multiplication of axillary shoots. Morphological and cytological studies confirmed hybridity. All hybrids were completely pollen sterile except for E. lyratus x B. carinata, which showed 2% pollen fertility. Attempts to double the chromosome number through the in vitro application of colchicine to axillary meristems of F1 hybrids were successful in only one hybrid, E. lyratus x B. oleracea. Cytological studies of the hybrids indicated the presence of a partial homology between the genomes of E. lyratus and crop brassicas. Backcross progenies were raised from all of the five F1 hybrids to develop malesterile alloplasmic lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Gundimeda
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, 110007, Delhi, India
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26
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McGrath JM, Quiros CF, Harada JJ, Landry BS. Identification of Brassica oleracea monosomic alien chromosome addition lines with molecular markers reveals extensive gene duplication. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1990; 223:198-204. [PMID: 1979141 DOI: 10.1007/bf00265054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomes of Brassica oleracea (2n = 18) were dissected from the resynthesized amphidiploid B. napus Hakuran by repeated backcrosses to B. campestris (2n = 20), creating a series of monosomic alien chromosome addition line plants (2n = 21). Using morphological, isozyme and restriction fragment length polymorphism markers (RFLPs), 81 putative loci were identified. Of nine possible synteny groups, seven were represented in the 25 monosomic addition plants tested. Sequences homologous to 26% of the 61 DNA clones utilized (80% were cDNA clones) were found on more than one synteny group, indicating a high level of gene duplication. Anomalous synteny associations were detected in four 2n = 21 plants. One of these plants showed two markers from one B. oleracea chromosome associated with a second complete B. oleracea synteny group, suggesting translocation or recombination between non-homologous chromosomes in Hakuran or the backcross derivatives. The other three 2n = 21 plants each contained two or more B. oleracea synteny groups, suggesting chromosome substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M McGrath
- Department of Vegetable Crops, University of California, Davis 95616
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27
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Slocum MK, Figdore SS, Kennard WC, Suzuki JY, Osborn TC. Linkage arrangement of restriction fragment length polymorphism loci in Brassica oleracea. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1990; 80:57-64. [PMID: 24220811 DOI: 10.1007/bf00224016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/1989] [Accepted: 02/23/1990] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A detailed genetic linkage map of Brassica oleracea was constructed based on the segregation of 258 restriction fragment length polymorphism loci in a broccoli × cabbage F2 population. The genetic markers defined nine linkage groups, covering 820 recombination units. A majority of the informative genomic DNA probes hybridized to more than two restriction fragments in the F2 population. "Duplicate" sequences having restriction fragment length polymorphism were generally found to be unlinked for any given probe. Many of these duplicated loci were clustered non-randomly on certain pairs of linkage groups, and conservation of the relative linkage arrangement of the loci between linkage groups was observed. While these data support previous cytological evidence for the existence of duplicated regions and the evolution of B. oleracea from a lower chromosome number progenitor, no evidence was provided for the current existence of blocks of homoeology spanning entire pairs of linkage groups. The arrangement of the analyzed duplicated loci suggests that a fairly high degree of genetic rearrangement has occurred in the evolution of B. oleracea. Several probes used in this study were useful in detecting rearrangements between the B. oleracea accessions used as parents, indicating that genetic rearrangements have occurred in the relatively recent evolution of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Slocum
- NPI, 417 Wakara Way, 84108, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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