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da Silva EL, Busso AF, Parise-Maltempi PP. Characterization and genome organization of a repetitive element associated with the nucleolus organizer region in Leporinus elongatus (Anostomidae: Characiformes). Cytogenet Genome Res 2012; 139:22-8. [PMID: 23037972 DOI: 10.1159/000342957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome mapping and studies of the genomic organization of repetitive DNA sequences provide valuable insights that enhance our evolutionary and structural understanding of these sequences, as well as identifying chromosomal rearrangements and sex determination. This study investigated the occurrence and organization of repetitive DNA sequences in Leporinus elongatus using restriction enzyme digestion and the mapping of sequences by chromosomal fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). A 378-bp fragment with a 54.2% GC content was isolated after digestion with the SmaI restriction enzyme. BLASTN search found no similarity with previously described sequences, so this repetitive sequence was named LeSmaI. FISH experiments were conducted using L. elongatus and other Anostomidae species, i.e. L. macrocephalus, L. obtusidens, L. striatus, L. lacustris, L. friderici, Schizodon borellii, S. isognathus, and Abramites hypselonotus which detected signals that were unique to male and female L. elongatus individuals. Double-FISH using LeSmaI and 18S rDNA showed that LeSmaI was located in a nucleolus organizer region (NOR) in the male and female metaphases of L. elongatus. This report also discusses the role of repetitive DNA associated with NORs in the diversification of Anostomidae species karyotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L da Silva
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Rio Claro, Brasil
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de Araújo WC, Martínez PA, Molina WF. Mapping of Ribosomal DNA by FISH, EcoRI Digestion and Replication Bands in the Cardinalfish Apogon americanus (Perciformes). CYTOLOGIA 2010. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.75.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Washington Candeia de Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Laboratório de Genética de Recursos Marinhos, Campus Universitário
| | - Pablo Ariel Martínez
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Laboratório de Genética de Recursos Marinhos, Campus Universitário
| | - Wagner Franco Molina
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Laboratório de Genética de Recursos Marinhos, Campus Universitário
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Kakagawa SMH, de Brito Portela-Castro MAL, Martins-Santos IC. A Study of Nucleolus Organizing Regions by Ag-staining, in situ Hybridization and Chromomycin A3 Techniques in Tilapia rendalli (Cichlidae, Perciformes) of the River Iguacu Basin, Parana, Brazil. CYTOLOGIA 2007. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.72.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rossi AR, Gornung E. Cytogenetic analysis of three Italian populations of Coregonus lavaretus (Pisces, Salmoniformes) with chromosomal localization of major and minor ribosomal genes, and telomeric repeats. Hereditas 2006; 142:15-21. [PMID: 16970606 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.2005.01901.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The European whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus, widely distributed in freshwater of northern Europe and introduced into the major lakes of northern Italy, has been restocked in central Italian lakes. In accordance with current managing practices, a reduced number of spawners contribute to reproduction within each lake and a certain degree of isolation is to be expected between populations from different lakes, resulting in the rapid fixing of chromosomal changes. A detailed survey of three populations from different lakes was carried out using classical and molecular cytogenetic techniques, to verify if specific chromosomal markers are present in the distinct populations. The comparative analysis revealed intraspecific variability of NORs and fixed differences in their number in the three populations. A co-localization of major and minor rRNA genes on one chromosome site was also observed. The original data regarding the chromosome mapping of the (TTAGGG)(n) telomeric repeat obtained in this study, demonstrated their exclusively terminal distribution, and a conspicuous inter-chromosomal variation in the number of repeats. The results are compared with data available for populations from native geographic ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Rossi
- Department of Animal and Human Biology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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Roy V, Monti-Dedieu L, Chaminade N, Siljak-Yakovlev S, Aulard S, Lemeunier F, Montchamp-Moreau C. Evolution of the chromosomal location of rDNA genes in two Drosophila species subgroups: ananassae and melanogaster. Heredity (Edinb) 2005; 94:388-95. [PMID: 15726113 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of the chromosomal location of ribosomal RNA gene clusters and the organization of heterochromatin in the Drosophila melanogaster group were investigated using fluorescence in situ hybridization and DAPI staining to mitotic chromosomes. The investigation of 18 species (11 of which were being examined for the first time) belonging to the melanogaster and ananassae subgroups suggests that the ancestral configuration consists of one nucleolus organizer (NOR) on each sex chromosome. This pattern, which is conserved throughout the melanogaster subgroup, except in D. simulans and D. sechellia, was observed only in the ercepeae complex within the ananassae subgroup. Both sex-linked NORs must have been lost in the lineage leading to D. varians and in the ananassae and bipectinata complexes, whereas new sites, characterized by intra-species variation in hybridization signal size, appeared on the fourth chromosome related to heterochromatic rearrangements. Nucleolar material is thought to be required for sex chromosome pairing and disjunction in a variety of organisms including Drosophila. Thus, either remnant sequences, possibly intergenic spacer repeats, are still present in the sex chromosomes which have lost their NORs (as observed in D. simulans and D. sechellia), or an alternative mechanism has evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Roy
- Laboratoire Populations, Génétique et Evolution, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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Jankun M, Ocalewicz K, Woznicki P. Replication, C- and Fluorescent Chromosome Banding Patterns in European Whitefish, Coregonus Lavavetus L. Hereditas 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1998.00195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Castro J, Rodríguez S, Pardo BG, Sánchez L, Martínez P. Population analysis of an unusual NOR-site polymorphism in brown trout (Salmo trutta L.). Heredity (Edinb) 2001; 86:291-302. [PMID: 11488966 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.00834.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A population analysis of an unusual NOR-site polymorphism previously detected in brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) from North-western Spain was carried out in 225 individuals from 20 native populations from this area. The analysis performed has permitted us to reveal: (i) the ubiquity of this phenomenon in most river basins from NW Spain, 13 extra-NORs not observed in standard trout being detected; (ii) the rDNA constitution of all extra-NORs, as confirmed by CMA3-staining and rDNA-FISH, and their capability to constitute their own nucleolus; (iii) the constant location of extra-NORs within individuals and their stable transmission across generations; and (iv) the telomeric location of Ag-NORs, which were randomly distributed in the karyotype of S. trutta, mostly in the heterozygous condition. Repetitive sequences in the IGS or scattered along rDNA units, rather than chromosome rearrangements, could play an important role in the dispersion of NORs. The polymorphism described seems to have a single geographical origin, since a positive correlation was demonstrated between the degree of polymorphism and geographical distance to a central point of the river basin where the phenomenon showed a higher intensity. The distribution of NOR-site variation as compared with allozyme variation in the populations studied, showed significant statistical differences. Selection against high copy number, or mutation due to changes in NOR location, could be acting on this polymorphism to explain the observed distribution. The high dispersion of NOR-site variants within and among populations suggests the transposition phenomenon responsible for NOR jumping could be still active.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Castro
- Departamento de Biología Fundamental, Area de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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Deiana AM, Cau A, Salvadori S, Coluccia E, Cannas R, Milia A, Tagliavini J. Major and 5S ribosomal sequences of the largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (Perciformes, Centrarchidae) are localized in GC-rich regions of the genome. Chromosome Res 2000; 8:213-8. [PMID: 10841048 DOI: 10.1023/a:1009248828365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Major and 5S ribosomal genes have been localized in the chromosomes of Micropterus salmoides. By C-banding, Ag-staining, CMA3-staining and 45S and 5S fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH), we demonstrate that the 45S and 5S ribosomal genes are clustered in two different chromosome pairs and both are located in heterochromatic GC-rich regions. PCR amplification and sequencing of the 5S intergenic non-transcribed sequences have allowed us to identify variability essentially due to a trinucleotide tandem repeat (GCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Deiana
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale ed Ecologia, Università di Cagliari, Italy.
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Wasko AP, Galetti Jr. PM. Mapping 18S ribosomal genes in fish of the genus Brycon (Characidae) by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Genet Mol Biol 2000. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572000000100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study provides data on the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) of seven Brycon species based on mapping of the 18S rRNA genes by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Fluorescent signals were observed on the telomere of the long arm of two large submetacentric chromosomes, thus confirming the number and location of NORs previously revealed by other classical cytogenetic techniques. Although there were no inter- or intra-individual variations in the number and location of the 18S loci, NOR size polymorphism was observed between homologous chromosomes. The clustering and conservation of NORs in a single chromosome pair indicates a high level of NOR stability among species of the genus Brycon.
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Amaro R, Sánchez L. Chromosomal analysis of two established salmonid cell lines: CHSE-214 (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) and RTG-2 (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 1997; 33:662-4. [PMID: 9358277 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-997-0119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Chromosomal evolution in salmonids: a comparison of Atlantic salmon, brown trout, and rainbow trout R-band chromosomes. Genetica 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00057594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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