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Abberton M, Paliwal R, Faloye B, Marimagne T, Moriam A, Oyatomi O. Indigenous African Orphan Legumes: Potential for Food and Nutrition Security in SSA. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.708124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), both crop production and the hidden hunger index (HHI, a combination of zinc, iron, and vitamin A deficiency), continue to be worse than the rest of the world. Currently, 31 out of 36 countries of SSA show the highest HHI. At the same time, several studies show climate change as a major constraint to agriculture productivity and a significant threat to SSA food security without significant action regarding adaptation. The food security of SSA is dependent on a few major crops, with many of them providing largely only an energy source in the diet. To address this, crop diversification and climate-resilient crops that have adaptation to climate change can be used and one route toward this is promoting the cultivation of African orphan (neglected or underutilized) crops. These crops, particularly legumes, have the potential to improve food and nutrition security in SSA due to their cultural linkage with the regional food habits of the communities, nutritionally rich food, untapped genetic diversity, and adaptation to harsh climate conditions and poor marginal soils. Despite the wide distribution of orphan legumes across the landscape of SSA, these important crop species are characterized by low yield and decreasing utilization due in part to a lack of improved varieties and a lack of adequate research attention. Genomic-assisted breeding (GAB) can contribute to developing improved varieties that yield more, have improved resilience, and high nutritional value. The availability of large and diverse collections of germplasm is an essential resource for crop improvement. In the Genetic Resources Center of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, the collections of orphan legumes, particularly the Bambara groundnut, African yambean, and Kersting's groundnut, have been characterized and evaluated for their key traits, and new collections are being undertaken to fill gaps and to widen the genetic diversity available to underpin breeding that can be further utilized with GAB tools to develop faster and cost-effective climate-resilient cultivars with a high nutrition value for SSA farmers. However, a greater investment of resources is required for applying modern breeding to orphan legume crops if their full potential is to be realized.
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Azman Halimi R, Raymond CA, Barkla BJ, Mayes S, King GJ. Development of Selection Indices for Improvement of Seed Yield and Lipid Composition in Bambara Groundnut ( Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.). Foods 2021; 11:foods11010086. [PMID: 35010212 PMCID: PMC8750730 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The underutilised grain legume bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) has the potential to contribute significantly to nutritional security. However, the lack of commercial cultivars has hindered its wider adoption and utilisation as a food source. The development of competitive cultivars is impeded by (1) lack of systematic data describing variation in nutritional composition within the gene pool, and (2) a poor understanding of how concentrations of different nutritional components interact. In this study, we analysed seed lipid and protein concentration and lipid composition within a collection of 100 lines representing the global gene pool. Seed protein and lipid varied over twofold with a normal distribution, but no significant statistical correlation was detected between the two components. Seed lipid concentration (4.2–8.8 g/100 g) is primarily determined by the proportion of oleic acid (r2 = 0.45). Yield and composition data for a subset of 40 lines were then used to test selection parameters for high yielding, high lipid breeding lines. From five selection indices tested using 15 scenarios, an index based on the seed number, seed weight, and oleic acid yielded a >50% expected increase in each of the mean values of seed number, pod dry weight, seed dry weight, and seed size, as well as an expected 7% increase in seed lipid concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razlin Azman Halimi
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (R.A.H.); (C.A.R.); (B.J.B.)
| | - Carolyn A. Raymond
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (R.A.H.); (C.A.R.); (B.J.B.)
| | - Bronwyn J. Barkla
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (R.A.H.); (C.A.R.); (B.J.B.)
| | - Sean Mayes
- School of Bioscience, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK;
- Crops for the Future, NIAB-EMR, Cambridge CB3 0LG, UK
| | - Graham J. King
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (R.A.H.); (C.A.R.); (B.J.B.)
- School of Bioscience, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK;
- Correspondence:
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Paliwal R, Adegboyega TT, Abberton M, Faloye B, Oyatomi O. Potential of genomics for the improvement of underutilized legumes in sub‐Saharan Africa. LEGUME SCIENCE 2021; 3. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1002/leg3.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajneesh Paliwal
- Genetic Resources Center International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Ibadan Nigeria
| | | | - Michael Abberton
- Genetic Resources Center International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Ben Faloye
- Genetic Resources Center International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Olaniyi Oyatomi
- Genetic Resources Center International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Ibadan Nigeria
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Kamenya SN, Mikwa EO, Song B, Odeny DA. Genetics and breeding for climate change in Orphan crops. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:1787-1815. [PMID: 33486565 PMCID: PMC8205878 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is rapidly changing how we live, what we eat and produce, the crops we breed and the target traits. Previously underutilized orphan crops that are climate resilient are receiving much attention from the crops research community, as they are often the only crops left in the field after periods of extreme weather conditions. There are several orphan crops with incredible resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. Some are nutritious, while others provide good sources of biofuel, medicine and other industrial raw materials. Despite these benefits, orphan crops are still lacking in important genetic and genomic resources that could be used to fast track their improvement and make their production profitable. Progress has been made in generating draft genomes of at least 28 orphan crops over the last decade, thanks to the reducing cost of sequencing. The implementation of a structured breeding program that takes advantage of additional modern crop improvement tools such as genomic selection, speed breeding, genome editing, high throughput phenotyping and breeding digitization would make rapid improvement of these orphan crops possible, but would require coordinated research investment. Other production challenges such as lack of adequate germplasm conservation, poor/non-existent seed systems and agricultural extension services, as well as poor marketing channels will also need to be improved if orphan crops were to be profitable. We review the importance of breeding orphan crops under the increasing effects of climate change, highlight existing gaps that need to be addressed and share some lessons to be learned from major crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ndagire Kamenya
- African Center of Excellence in Agroecology and Livelihood Systems, Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Erick Owuor Mikwa
- The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics - Eastern and Southern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Bo Song
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute At Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Damaris Achieng Odeny
- The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics - Eastern and Southern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Olanrewaju OS, Oyatomi O, Babalola OO, Abberton M. Breeding Potentials of Bambara Groundnut for Food and Nutrition Security in the Face of Climate Change. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:798993. [PMID: 35069656 PMCID: PMC8768941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.798993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Constant production of quality food should be a norm in any community, but climate change, increasing population, and unavailability of land for farming affect food production. As a result, food scarcity is affecting some communities, especially in the developing world. Finding a stable solution to this problem is a major cause of concern for researchers. Synergistic application of molecular marker techniques with next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies can unlock the potentials hidden in most crop genomes for improving yield and food availability. Most crops such as Bambara groundnut (BGN), Winged bean, and African yam bean are underutilized. These underutilized crops can compete with the major crops such as cowpea, soybean, maize, and rice, in areas of nutrition, ability to withstand drought stress, economic importance, and food production. One of these underutilized crops, BGN [Vigna subterranea (L.), Verdc.], is an indigenous African legume and can survive in tropical climates and marginal soils. In this review, we focus on the roles of BGN and the opportunities it possesses in tackling food insecurity and its benefits to local farmers. We will discuss BGN's potential impact on global food production and how the advances in NGS technologies can enhance its production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseyi Samuel Olanrewaju
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
- Genetic Resources Center (GRC), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olaniyi Oyatomi
- Genetic Resources Center (GRC), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Michael Abberton
- Genetic Resources Center (GRC), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
- *Correspondence: Michael Abberton,
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Mateva KI, Chai HH, Mayes S, Massawe F. Root Foraging Capacity in Bambara Groundnut ( Vigna Subterranea (L.) Verdc.) Core Parental Lines Depends on the Root System Architecture during the Pre-Flowering Stage. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9050645. [PMID: 32438672 PMCID: PMC7286029 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing the morphological variability in root system architecture (RSA) during the sensitive pre-flowering growth stage is important for crop performance. To assess this variation, eight bambara groundnut single genotypes derived from landraces of contrasting geographic origin were selected for root system architecture and rooting distribution studies. Plants were grown in a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) column system under controlled water and nutrient availability in a rainout shelter. Days to 50% plant emergence was characterized during the first two weeks after sowing, while taproot length (TRL), root length (RL), root length density (RLD), branching number (BN), branching density (BD) and intensity (BI), surface area (SA), root volume (RV), root diameter (RDia), root dry weight (RDW), shoot dry weight (SDW), and shoot height (SH) were determined at the end of the experiment, i.e., 35 days after emergence. Genotypes S19-3 and DipC1 sourced from drier regions of sub-Saharan Africa generally had longer taproots and greater root length distribution in deeper (60 to 90 cm) soil depths. In contrast, bambara groundnut genotypes from wetter regions (i.e., Gresik, Lunt, and IITA-686) in Southeast Asia and West Africa exhibited relatively shallow and highly branched root growth closer to the soil surface. Genotypes at the pre-flowering growth stage showed differential root foraging patterns and branching habits with two extremes, i.e., deep-cheap rooting in the genotypes sourced from dry regions and a shallow-costly rooting system in genotypes adapted to higher rainfall areas with shallow soils. We propose specific bambara groundnut genotype as donors in root trait driven breeding programs to improve water capture and use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumbirai Ivyne Mateva
- Future Food Beacon Malaysia, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (K.I.M.); (H.H.C.)
- Crops For the Future, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia;
| | - Hui Hui Chai
- Future Food Beacon Malaysia, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (K.I.M.); (H.H.C.)
- Crops For the Future, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia;
| | - Sean Mayes
- Crops For the Future, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia;
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicester LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Festo Massawe
- Future Food Beacon Malaysia, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (K.I.M.); (H.H.C.)
- Crops For the Future, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia;
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