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Holshouser S, Dunworth M, Murray-Stewart T, Peterson YK, Burger P, Kirkpatrick J, Chen HH, Casero RA, Woster PM. Dual inhibitors of LSD1 and spermine oxidase. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:778-790. [PMID: 31191868 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00610e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We have previously described the synthesis and evaluation of 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole analogues as inhibitors of the flavin-dependent histone demethylase LSD1. These compounds are potent inhibitors of LSD1 without activity against monoamine oxidases A and B, and promote the elevation of H3K4me2 levels in tumor cells in vitro. We now report that the cytotoxicity of these analogues in pancreatic tumor cells correlates with the overexpression of LSD1 in each tumor type. In addition, we show that a subset of these 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole analogues inhibit a related flavin-dependent oxidase, the polyamine catabolic enzyme spermine oxidase (SMOX) in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Holshouser
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences , Medical University of South Carolina , 70 President St. , Charleston , SC 29425 , USA .
| | - Matthew Dunworth
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , 1650 Orleans St. Room 551 , Baltimore , MD 21287 , USA
| | - Tracy Murray-Stewart
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , 1650 Orleans St. Room 551 , Baltimore , MD 21287 , USA
| | - Yuri K Peterson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences , Medical University of South Carolina , 70 President St. , Charleston , SC 29425 , USA .
| | - Pieter Burger
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences , Medical University of South Carolina , 70 President St. , Charleston , SC 29425 , USA .
| | - Joy Kirkpatrick
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences , Medical University of South Carolina , 70 President St. , Charleston , SC 29425 , USA .
| | - Huan-Huan Chen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences , Medical University of South Carolina , 70 President St. , Charleston , SC 29425 , USA .
| | - Robert A Casero
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , 1650 Orleans St. Room 551 , Baltimore , MD 21287 , USA
| | - Patrick M Woster
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences , Medical University of South Carolina , 70 President St. , Charleston , SC 29425 , USA .
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2
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Cellular and Animal Model Studies on the Growth Inhibitory Effects of Polyamine Analogues on Breast Cancer. Med Sci (Basel) 2018. [PMID: 29533973 PMCID: PMC5872181 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamine levels are elevated in breast tumors compared to those of adjacent normal tissues. The female sex hormone, estrogen is implicated in the origin and progression of breast cancer. Estrogens stimulate and antiestrogens suppress the expression of polyamine biosynthetic enzyme, ornithine decarboxylate (ODC). Using several bis(ethyl)spermine analogues, we found that these analogues inhibited the proliferation of estrogen receptor-positive and estrogen receptor negative breast cancer cells in culture. There was structure-activity relationship in the efficacy of these compounds in suppressing cell growth. The activity of ODC was inhibited by these compounds, whereas the activity of the catabolizing enzyme, spermidine/spermine N¹-acetyl transferase (SSAT) was increased by 6-fold by bis(ethyl)norspermine in MCF-7 cells. In a transgenic mouse model of breast cancer, bis(ethyl)norspermine reduced the formation and growth of spontaneous mammary tumor. Recent studies indicate that induction of polyamine catabolic enzymes SSAT and spermine oxidase (SMO) play key roles in the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of polyamine analogues and their combinations with chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and paclitaxel. Thus, polyamine catabolic enzymes might be important therapeutic targets and markers of sensitivity in utilizing polyamine analogues in combination with other therapeutic agents.
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Razvi SS, Choudhry H, Moselhy SS, Kumosani TA, Hasan MN, Zamzami MA, Abualnaja KO, Al-Malki AL, Alhosin M, Asami T. Synthesis, screening and pro-apoptotic activity of novel acyl spermidine derivatives on human cancer cell lines. Biomed Pharmacother 2017. [PMID: 28633130 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are polycationic, alkyl polyamines which play a significant role in eukaryotic cell proliferation. The polyamine metabolism and function are dysregulated in tumor cells making them an attractive therapeutic target by employing polyamine analogs. These analogs have a high degree of similarity with the structure of polyamines but not with their function. Multidrug resistance is a major factor in the failure of many chemotherapeutic drugs which necessitates further research and exploration of better novel alternatives. In the present study, Twenty-six novel acylspermidine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities on human breast cancer cells and T-lymphoblastic leukemia cells. The cell proliferation and apoptosis assays using WST-1 and annexin-V/7AAD staining respectively suggest that Compound 1 (C19H41N3O2), Compound 7(C25H51N3O2) and Compound 8 (C29H59N3O) significantly reduced cancer cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Interestingly, compounds 7, 8 and 9 had slight or no effect on cell proliferation of non-cancerous cells. These studies speculate that these novel acylspermidine derivatives could be promising candidates in designing an anti-proliferative drug, targeting both solid and blood cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Shoeb Razvi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Said Salama Moselhy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Taha Abduallah Kumosani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Production of Bioproducts for Industrial Applications Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Nihal Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazin A Zamzami
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Omer Abualnaja
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Labeed Al-Malki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Alhosin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tadao Asami
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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Tamoxifen metabolite endoxifen interferes with the polyamine pathway in breast cancer. Amino Acids 2016; 48:2293-302. [PMID: 27438264 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tamoxifen is the most widely used drug to treat women with estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancer. Endoxifen is recognized as the active metabolite of tamoxifen in humans. We studied endoxifen effects on ERα-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Estradiol increased the proliferation of MCF-7 cells by two- to threefold and endoxifen suppressed its effects. Endoxifen suppressed c-myc, c-fos and Tff1 oncogene expression, as revealed by RT-PCR. Estradiol increased the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and adenosyl methioninedecarboxylase (AdoMetDC), whereas endoxifen suppressed these enzyme activities. Endoxifen increased activities of spermine oxidase (SMO) and acetyl polyamine oxidase (APAO) significantly, and reduced the levels of putrescine and spermidine. These data suggest a possible mechanism for the antiestrogenic effects of tamoxifen/endoxifen, involving the stimulation of polyamine oxidase enzymes. Therefore, SMO and APAO stimulation might be useful biomarkers for the efficacy of endoxifen treatment of breast cancer.
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Chanphai P, Thomas TJ, Tajmir-Riahi HA. Conjugation of biogenic and synthetic polyamines with serum proteins: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:515-522. [PMID: 27431795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We have reviewed the conjugation of biogenic polyamines spermine (spm), spermidine (spmd) and synthetic polyamines 3,7,11,15-tetrazaheptadecane.4HCl (BE-333) and 3,7,11,15,19-pentazahenicosane.5HCl (BE-3333) with human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and milk beta-lactoglobulin (b-LG) in aqueous solution at physiological pH. The results of multiple spectroscopic methods and molecular modeling were analysed here and correlations between polyamine binding mode and protein structural changes were estabilished. Polyamine-protein bindings are mainly via hydrophilic and H-bonding contacts. BSA forms more stable conjugates than HSA and b-LG. Biogenic polyamines form more stable complexes than synthetic polyamines except in the case of b-LG, where the protein shows more hydrophobic character than HSA and BSA. The loading efficacies were 40-52%. Modeling showed the presence of several H-bonding systems, which stabilized polyamine-protein conjugates. Polyamine conjugation induced major alterations of serum protein conformations. The potential application of serum proteins in delivery of polyamines is evaluated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chanphai
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7,Canada
| | - T J Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - H A Tajmir-Riahi
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7,Canada.
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6
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Polyamines metabolism and breast cancer: state of the art and perspectives. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 148:233-48. [PMID: 25292420 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-3156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a common disease that generally occurs in women over the age of 50, and the risk is especially high for women over 60 years of age. One of the major BC therapeutic problems is that tumors initially responsive to chemotherapeutic approaches can progress to more aggressive forms poorly responsive to therapies. Polyamines (PAs) are small polycationic alkylamines, naturally occurring and essential for normal cell growth and development in eukaryotes. The intracellular concentration of PA is maintained within strongly controlled contents, while a dysregulation occurs in BC cells. Polyamines facilitate the interactions of transcription factors, such as estrogen receptors with their specific response element, and are involved in the proliferation of ER-negative and highly invasive BC tumor cells. Since PA metabolism has a critical role in cell death and proliferation, it represents a potential target for intervention in BC. The goal of this study was to perform a literature search reviewing the association between PA metabolism and BC, and the current evidence supporting the BC treatment targeting PA metabolism. We here describe in vitro and in vivo models, as well as the clinical trials that have been utilized to unveil the relationship between PA metabolism and BC. Polyamine pathway is still an important target for the development of BC chemotherapy via enzyme inhibitors. Furthermore, a recent promising strategy in breast anticancer therapy is to exploit the self-regulatory nature of PA metabolism using PA analogs to affect PA homeostasis. Nowadays, antineoplastic compounds targeting the PA pathway with novel mechanisms are of great interest and high social impact for BC chemotherapy.
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7
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In vivo characterization of 99mTc-spermine in mice bearing human breast cancer xenografts. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-2968-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Encapsulation of biogenic and synthetic polyamines by nanoparticles PEG and mPEG-anthracene. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 130:30-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sen A, Sahu D, Ganguly B. In silico studies toward understanding the interactions of DNA base pairs with protonated linear/cyclic diamines. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:9840-50. [PMID: 23909683 DOI: 10.1021/jp402847u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protonated amino groups are ubiquitous in nature and important in the fields of chemistry and biology. In search of efficient polyamine analogues, we have performed DFT calculations on the interactions of some simple cyclic and constrained protonated diamines with the DNA base pairs and compared the results with those obtained for the corresponding interactions involving linear diamines, which mimic biogenic polyamines such as spermine. The interactions are mainly governed by the strong hydrogen bonding between the ligand and the DNA base pairs. The DFT calculations suggest that the major-groove N7 interaction (GC base pair) with linear diamine is energetically more favored than other possible interactions, as reported with spermine. The cyclic diamines exhibited better interactions with the N7 site of the AT and GC base pairs of DNA than the linear diamines. The net atomic charges calculated for the protonated amine hydrogens were higher for the cyclic systems than for the linear diamines, inducing better binding affinity with the DNA base pairs. The stable conformers of cyclic diamines were predicted using the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory. The positions of the protonated diamine groups in these cyclic systems are crucial for effective binding with the DNA base pairs. The DFT-calculated results show that diequatorial (ee) 1,2-cyclohexadiamine (CHDA) is a promising candidate as a polyamine analogue for biogenic polyamines. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed using explicit water molecules for the interaction of representative ligands with the DNA base pairs to examine the influence of solvent molecules on such interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anik Sen
- Computation and Simulation Unit, Analytical Discipline & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India
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Mandeville JS, Bourassa P, Thomas TJ, Tajmir-Riahi HA. Biogenic and synthetic polyamines bind cationic dendrimers. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36087. [PMID: 22558341 PMCID: PMC3338638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogenic polyamines are essential for cell growth and differentiation, while polyamine analogues exert antitumor activity in multiple experimental model systems, including breast and lung cancer. Dendrimers are widely used for drug delivery in vitro and in vivo. We report the bindings of biogenic polyamines, spermine (spm), and spermidine (spmd), and their synthetic analogues, 3,7,11,15-tetrazaheptadecane.4HCl (BE-333) and 3,7,11,15,19-pentazahenicosane.5HCl (BE-3333) to dendrimers of different compositions, mPEG-PAMAM (G3), mPEG-PAMAM (G4) and PAMAM (G4). FTIR and UV-visible spectroscopic methods as well as molecular modeling were used to analyze polyamine binding mode, the binding constant and the effects of polyamine complexation on dendrimer stability and conformation. Structural analysis showed that polyamines bound dendrimers through both hydrophobic and hydrophilic contacts with overall binding constants of K(spm-mPEG-G3) = 7.6 × 10(4) M(-1), K(spm-mPEG-PAMAM-G4) = 4.6 × 10(4) M(-1), K(spm-PAMAM-G4) = 6.6 × 10(4) M(-1), K(spmd-mPEG-G3) = 1.0 × 10(5) M(-1), K(spmd-mPEG-PAMAM-G4) = 5.5 × 10(4) M(-1), K(spmd-PAMAM-G4) = 9.2 × 10(4) M(-1), K(BE-333-mPEG-G3) = 4.2 × 10(4) M(-1), K(Be-333-mPEG-PAMAM-G4) = 3.2 × 10(4) M(-1), K(BE-333-PAMAM-G4) = 3.6 × 10(4) M(-1), K(BE-3333-mPEG-G3) = 2.2 × 10(4) M(-1), K(Be-3333-mPEG-PAMAM-G4) = 2.4 × 10(4) M(-1), K(BE-3333-PAMAM-G4) = 2.3 × 10(4) M(-1). Biogenic polyamines showed stronger affinity toward dendrimers than those of synthetic polyamines, while weaker interaction was observed as polyamine cationic charges increased. The free binding energies calculated from docking studies were: -3.2 (spermine), -3.5 (spermidine) and -3.03 (BE-3333) kcal/mol, with the following order of binding affinity: spermidine-PAMAM-G-4>spermine-PAMMAM-G4>BE-3333-PAMAM-G4 consistent with spectroscopic data. Our results suggest that dendrimers can act as carrier vehicles for delivering antitumor polyamine analogues to target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Sebastian Mandeville
- Département de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Phillipe Bourassa
- Département de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Thekkumkattil John Thomas
- Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Heidar-Ali Tajmir-Riahi
- Département de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
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Nayvelt I, John S, Hsu HC, Yang P, Liu W, Das G, Hyvönen MT, Alhonen L, Keinänen TA, Shirahata A, Patel R, Thomas T, Thomas TJ. A potential estrogen mimetic effect of a bis(ethyl)polyamine analogue on estrogen receptor positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Amino Acids 2011; 42:899-911. [PMID: 21830120 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BE-3-3-3-3 (1,15-(ethylamino)4,8,12-triazapentadecane) is a bis(ethyl)polyamine analogue under investigation as a therapeutic agent for breast cancer. Since estradiol (E(2)) is a critical regulatory molecule in the growth of breast cancer, we examined the effect of BE-3-3-3-3 on estrogen receptor α (ERα) positive MCF-7 cells in the presence and absence of E(2). In the presence of E(2), a concentration-dependent decrease in DNA synthesis was observed using [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation assay. In the absence of E(2), low concentrations (2.5-10 μM) of BE-3-3-3-3 increased [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation at 24 and 48 h. BE-3-3-3-3 induced the expression of early response genes, c-myc and c-fos, in the absence of E(2), but not in its presence, as determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). BE-3-3-3-3 had no significant effect on these genes in an ERα-negative cell line, MDA-MB-231. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated enhanced promoter occupation by either E(2) or BE-3-3-3-3 of an estrogen-responsive gene pS2/Tff1 by ERα and its co-activator, steroid receptor co-activator 3 (SRC-3). Confocal microscopy of BE-3-3-3-3-treated cells revealed membrane localization of ERα, similar to that induced by E(2). The failure of BE-3-3-3-3 to inhibit cell proliferation was associated with autophagic vacuole formation, and the induction of Beclin 1 and MAP LC3 II. These results indicate a differential effect of BE-3-3-3-3 on MCF-7 cells in the absence and presence of E(2), and suggest that pre-clinical and clinical development of polyamine analogues might require special precautions and selection of sensitive subpopulation of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Nayvelt
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Wong PE, Tetley L, Dufès C, Chooi KW, Bolton K, Schätzlein AG, Uchegbu IF. Polyamine aza-cyclic compounds demonstrate anti-proliferative activity in vitro but fail to control tumour growth in vivo. J Pharm Sci 2011; 99:4642-57. [PMID: 20845462 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cationic polyamines such as the poly(propylenimine) dendrimers (DAB16) are anti-tumour agents (Dufes et al., 2005, Cancer Res 65:8079-8084). Their mechanism of action is poorly understood, but the lack of in vivo toxicity suggests cancer specificity. To explore this polyamine pharmacophore we cross-linked the aza-cyclic compound, hexacyclen, with 1,4-dibromobutane or 1,8-dibromooctane to yield the polyamines [poly(butylhexacyclen)--CL4] or [poly(octylhexacyclen)--CL8] respectively, both free of primary amines. We characterised the compounds and their respective nanoparticles and examined their interaction with the putative targets of the cationic polyamines: the cell membrane and DNA. Like DAB 16, CL4 and CL8 bind plasmid DNA and all three compounds interrupted the cell cycle of A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells in the S-phase. Additionally all three compounds disrupted erythrocyte membranes, with CL8 and DAB 16 being more active, in this respect, than CL4. CL4 (IC(50) =775.1 µg mL(-1)) and CL8 (IC(50) =8.4 µg mL(-1)), in a similar manner to DAB 16, were anti-proliferative against A431 cells; although unlike DAB 16, CL4 and CL8 were not tumouricidal against A431 xenografts in mice, indicating that primary amines may play an important role in the in vivo activity of DAB 16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Ee Wong
- Division of Infection & Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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13
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Cervelli M, Bellavia G, Fratini E, Amendola R, Polticelli F, Barba M, Federico R, Signore F, Gucciardo G, Grillo R, Woster PM, Casero RA, Mariottini P. Spermine oxidase (SMO) activity in breast tumor tissues and biochemical analysis of the anticancer spermine analogues BENSpm and CPENSpm. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:555. [PMID: 20946629 PMCID: PMC3027604 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyamine metabolism has a critical role in cell death and proliferation representing a potential target for intervention in breast cancer (BC). This study investigates the expression of spermine oxidase (SMO) and its prognostic significance in BC. Biochemical analysis of Spm analogues BENSpm and CPENSpm, utilized in anticancer therapy, was also carried out to test their property in silico and in vitro on the recombinant SMO enzyme. METHODS BC tissue samples were analyzed for SMO transcript level and SMO activity. Student's t test was applied to evaluate the significance of the differences in value observed in T and NT samples. The structure modeling analysis of BENSpm and CPENSpm complexes formed with the SMO enzyme and their inhibitory activity, assayed by in vitro experiments, were examined. RESULTS Both the expression level of SMO mRNA and SMO enzyme activity were significantly lower in BC samples compared to NT samples. The modeling of BENSpm and CPENSpm complexes formed with SMO and their inhibition properties showed that both were good inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that underexpression of SMO is a negative marker in BC. The SMO induction is a remarkable chemotherapeutical target. The BENSpm and CPENSpm are efficient SMO inhibitors. The inhibition properties shown by these analogues could explain their poor positive outcomes in Phases I and II of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emiliano Fratini
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento BAS-BiotecMed, ENEA, CR Casaccia, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Barba
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Signore
- Department of Gynaecology, Breast Surgery and Pathology, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Gucciardo
- Department of Gynaecology, Breast Surgery and Pathology, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosalba Grillo
- Department of Gynaecology, Breast Surgery and Pathology, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrick M Woster
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Robert A Casero
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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Nayvelt I, Hyvönen MT, Alhonen L, Pandya I, Thomas T, Khomutov AR, Vepsäläinen J, Patel R, Keinänen TA, Thomas TJ. DNA Condensation by Chiral α-Methylated Polyamine Analogues and Protection of Cellular DNA from Oxidative Damage. Biomacromolecules 2009; 11:97-105. [DOI: 10.1021/bm900958c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Nayvelt
- Departments of Medicine, Environmental & Community Medicine and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and the Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland, Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Biosciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland,
| | - Mervi T. Hyvönen
- Departments of Medicine, Environmental & Community Medicine and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and the Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland, Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Biosciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland,
| | - Leena Alhonen
- Departments of Medicine, Environmental & Community Medicine and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and the Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland, Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Biosciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland,
| | - Ipsit Pandya
- Departments of Medicine, Environmental & Community Medicine and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and the Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland, Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Biosciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland,
| | - Thresia Thomas
- Departments of Medicine, Environmental & Community Medicine and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and the Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland, Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Biosciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland,
| | - Alex R. Khomutov
- Departments of Medicine, Environmental & Community Medicine and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and the Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland, Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Biosciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland,
| | - Jouko Vepsäläinen
- Departments of Medicine, Environmental & Community Medicine and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and the Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland, Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Biosciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland,
| | - Rajesh Patel
- Departments of Medicine, Environmental & Community Medicine and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and the Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland, Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Biosciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland,
| | - Tuomo A. Keinänen
- Departments of Medicine, Environmental & Community Medicine and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and the Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland, Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Biosciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland,
| | - T. J. Thomas
- Departments of Medicine, Environmental & Community Medicine and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and the Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland, Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Biosciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland,
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15
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Wan WX, Yang M, Pan SR, Yu CJ, Wu NJ. [99mTc]polyamine analogs as potential tumor imaging agent. Drug Dev Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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N’soukpoé-Kossi CN, Ouameur AA, Thomas T, Shirahata A, Thomas TJ, Tajmir-Riahi HA. DNA Interaction with Antitumor Polyamine Analogues: A Comparison with Biogenic Polyamines. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:2712-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bm800412r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. N. N’soukpoé-Kossi
- Département de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Québec á Trois-Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières (Québec), G9A 5H7, Canada, Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Department of Medicine, and The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, and Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Physiology, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - A. Ahmed Ouameur
- Département de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Québec á Trois-Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières (Québec), G9A 5H7, Canada, Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Department of Medicine, and The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, and Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Physiology, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - T. Thomas
- Département de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Québec á Trois-Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières (Québec), G9A 5H7, Canada, Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Department of Medicine, and The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, and Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Physiology, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - A. Shirahata
- Département de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Québec á Trois-Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières (Québec), G9A 5H7, Canada, Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Department of Medicine, and The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, and Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Physiology, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - T. J. Thomas
- Département de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Québec á Trois-Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières (Québec), G9A 5H7, Canada, Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Department of Medicine, and The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, and Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Physiology, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - H. A. Tajmir-Riahi
- Département de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Québec á Trois-Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières (Québec), G9A 5H7, Canada, Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Department of Medicine, and The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, and Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Physiology, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
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17
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Correa-Basurto J, Rodríguez-Páez L, Aguiar-Moreno ES, López-Sánchez P, Espinoza-Fonseca LM, Wong C, Trujillo-Ferrara J. Computational and experimental evaluation of ornithine derivatives as ornithine decarboxylase inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-008-9103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Carruthers L, Marton L, Peterson C. Polyamine analogues: potent inducers of nucleosomal array oligomerization and inhibitors of yeast cell growth. Biochem J 2007; 405:541-5. [PMID: 17428198 PMCID: PMC2267303 DOI: 10.1042/bj20061347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are naturally occurring intracellular polycations that are essential for viability and growth of eukaryotes. Dysregulation of polyamine metabolism is a hallmark of cancer and the carcinogenic process, and consequently development of polyamine analogues has emerged as a viable strategy for therapeutic intervention. Previously, we showed that the naturally occurring polyamines spermidine and spermine were quite effective at inducing the oligomerization of nucleosomal arrays in vitro, suggesting that polyamines may play a key role in regulating higher order chromatin structures in vivo. Here, we analyse the ability of a number of synthetic polyamine analogues to potentiate formation of higher order chromatin structures in vitro. We find that a class of long-chain polyamines called oligoamines are potent inducers of nucleosomal array oligomerization in vitro and that these same polyamine analogues rapidly block yeast cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenny M. Carruthers
- *Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Drive, Biotech 2, Suite 210, Worcester, MA 01605, U.S.A
| | - Laurence J. Marton
- †Cellgate, 3 Twin Dolphin Dr., Suite 100, Redwood City, CA 94065-1517, U.S.A
| | - Craig L. Peterson
- *Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Drive, Biotech 2, Suite 210, Worcester, MA 01605, U.S.A
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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19
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Casero RA, Marton LJ. Targeting polyamine metabolism and function in cancer and other hyperproliferative diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2007; 6:373-90. [PMID: 17464296 DOI: 10.1038/nrd2243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 557] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The polyamines spermidine and spermine and their diamine precursor putrescine are naturally occurring, polycationic alkylamines that are essential for eukaryotic cell growth. The requirement for and the metabolism of polyamines are frequently dysregulated in cancer and other hyperproliferative diseases, thus making polyamine function and metabolism attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. Recent advances in our understanding of polyamine function, metabolic regulation, and differences between normal cells and tumour cells with respect to polyamine biology, have reinforced the interest in this target-rich pathway for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Casero
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.
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20
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Abstract
The natural polyamines are aliphatic cations with multiple functions and are essential for cell growth. Soon after the critical requirement of polyamines for cell proliferation was recognized, the metabolism of polyamines was pursued as a target for antineoplastic therapy. Initially, much attention was focused on the development of inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis as a means to inhibit tumor growth. The best-characterized inhibitor is alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase. While compensatory mechanisms in polyamine metabolism reduce the effectiveness of DFMO as a single chemotherapeutic agent, it is currently undergoing extensive testing and clinical trials for chemoprevention and other diseases. There has been increasing interest over the last two decades in the cytotoxic response to agents that target the regulation of polyamine metabolism rather than directly inhibiting the metabolic enzymes in tumor cells. This interest resulted in the development of a number of polyamine analogs that exhibit effective cytotoxicity against tumor growth in preclinical models. The analogs enter cells through a selective polyamine transport system and can be either polyamine antimetabolites that deplete the intracellular polyamines or polyamine mimetics that displace the natural polyamines from binding sites, but do not substitute in terms of growth-promoting function. Synthesis of the first generation of symmetrically substituted bis(alkyl)polyamine analogs in the mid-1980s was based on the theory that polyamines may utilize feedback mechanisms to auto-regulate their synthesis. In the 1990s, unsymmetrically substituted bis(alkyl) polyamine analogs were developed. These compounds display structure-dependent and cell type-specific cellular effects and regulation on polyamine metabolism. More recently, a novel class of analogs has been synthesized, which include conformationally restricted, cyclic and long-chain oligoamine analogs. The development and use of these analogs have provided valuable information for understanding the molecular mechanisms of targeting the polyamine pathway as a means of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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21
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Sanmartín C, Echeverría M, Mendívil B, Cordeu L, Cubedo E, García-Foncillas J, Font M, Palop JA. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new symmetrical derivatives as cytotoxic agents and apoptosis inducers. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:2031-44. [PMID: 15727857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2004] [Revised: 12/23/2004] [Accepted: 01/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Based on the research of less toxic anticancer therapies, we have looked for novel compounds with anticancer activity based on a proapoptotic mechanism. The described compounds are derivatives of ether, carbamate, urea, amide, or amine. Some of the prepared compounds decreased cell viability of various tumor cell lines in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and also induced DNA fragmentation, which indicated cell apoptosis. The potential antitumoral activity of the compounds was evaluated in vitro by examining their cytotoxic effects against human mama, colon, and bladder cancer cell lines (MD-MBA-231, HT-29, and T-24). Compounds showing cytotoxic activity were subjected to an apoptosis assay. In addition, some of the synthesized compounds provoked a rapid and dose-dependent increase in the level of caspase-3, an enzyme, which is considered to be one of the principal executing caspases in which all of the biochemical routes involved in the apoptosis response converge. The most promising compounds, with respect to cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction capability, were the 4-nitrophenylcarbamate derivative of 2,2'-methylenebis(4-chlorophenyl) 3c, the naphthylurea derivative 4d, and the n-propylurea derivative 4c, from 4,4'-methylenebisphenyl, all of which displayed cytotoxic activity and showed very interesting levels of apoptosis. Furthermore, good levels of apoptosis induction were achieved for 3a and 4b in the T-24 cell line. Therefore, compounds such as 7b, a pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivative, show a significant in vitro cytotoxicity, with IC(50) values between 3 and 8 microm in the three cell lines tested. This compound also produced a rapid and dose-dependent increase of the caspase-3 level and induced apoptosis in HT-29 cells. Other profiles have been found, such as those presented by 5c and 7c, which are cytotoxic and apoptotic but do not provoke an increase in the level of caspase-3, or those presented by 1c, 1d, and 2a, which are cytotoxic, without showing any other activity. The different types of behavior of each compound are not necessarily parallel in the three cell lines tested. A great number of these compounds of interest show no cytotoxicity in nontumoral human cells such as CRL-8799, a nontumoral line of mama. Subsequent modulation of these lead structures permits advances in the design of potent cytotoxic and proapoptotic anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Sanmartín
- Sección de Síntesis, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
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22
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Hu HY, Liu XX, Jiang CY, Zhang Y, Bian JF, Lu Y, Geng Z, Liu SL, Liu CH, Wang XM, Wang W. Cloning and expression of ornithine decarboxylase gene from human colorectal carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:714-6. [PMID: 12679917 PMCID: PMC4611435 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i4.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To construct and express ODC recombinant gene for further exploring its potential use in early diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma.
METHODS: Total RNA was extracted from colon cancer tissues and amplified by reverse-transcription PCR with two primers, which span the whole coding region of ODC. The synthesized ODC cDNA was cloned into vector pQE-30 at restriction sites BamH I and Sal I which constituted recombinant expression plasmid pQE30-ODC. The sequence of inserted fragment was confirmed by DNA sequencing, the fusion protein including 6His-tag was facilitated for purification by Ni-NTA chromatographic column.
RESULTS: ODC expression vector was constructed and confirmed with restriction enzyme digestion and subsequent DNA sequencing. The DNA sequence matching on NCBI Blast showed 99% affinity. The vector was transformed into E. coli M15 and expressed. The expressed ODC protein was verified with Western blotting.
CONCLUSION: The ODC prokaryote expression vector is constructed and thus greatly facilitates to study the role of ODC in colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Hu
- Experimental Centre of Medical Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandon University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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23
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, play an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and transformation. The aim of this study is to correlate the polyamines with apoptosis and clinico-pathologic events in Egyptian breast cancer patients. METHODS PUT, SPD, and SPN were investigated using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and apoptosis in fresh frozen tissue specimens obtained from 40 patients suffering from breast cancer, as well as 20 patients with benign breast lesions. RESULTS The levels of PUT, SPD, and SPN were higher in breast cancer tissues than in benign breast lesions (p < 0.001). Polyamines were correlated well with apoptosis. Moreover, PUT was an independent prognostic factor for relapse. Also, SPD and SPN correlated significantly with early tumor grades. ROC curves were used to choose the best cut-off values for polyamines (70, 135, and 290 mmol/g tissue) for PUT, SPD, and SPN, respectively. At these cut-off values, the sensitivities were (75%, 60%, and 70%), and the specificities were (80%, 95%, and 95%) for PUT, SPD, and SPN, respectively. CONCLUSION Polyamines may be used as additional markers for detection of malignant transformation in breast tissue. Moreover, because of their ability to induce apoptosis in malignant tissues, polyamines are suitable targets for therapeutic intervention that is specifically directed to induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Mahmoud El-Salahy
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Ain Shams Faculty of Medicine, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
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Shah N, Thomas TJ, Lewis JS, Klinge CM, Shirahata A, Gelinas C, Thomas T. Regulation of estrogenic and nuclear factor kappa B functions by polyamines and their role in polyamine analog-induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2001; 20:1715-29. [PMID: 11313919 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2000] [Revised: 01/05/2001] [Accepted: 01/09/2001] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The natural polyamines -putrescine, spermidine, and spermine- are essential for cell growth and differentiation. Polyamines are involved in several gene regulatory functions, although their mechanism(s) of action has not been elucidated. We investigated the role of polyamines in the function of NF-kappa B and estrogen receptor-alpha (ER alpha), two transcription factors implicated in breast cancer cell proliferation and cell survival, using MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We found that spermine facilitated the binding of ER alpha and NF-kappa B to estrogen response element (ERE)- and NF-kappa B response element (NRE), respectively, and enhanced ER alpha-mediated transcriptional activation in transient transfection experiments. We also found that the association of the co-regulatory protein CBP/p300 with ER alpha and NF-kappa B was increased by spermine treatment of MCF-7 cells. Spermine also increased the nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B compared to the control. In contrast, treatment of MCF-7 cells with polyamine analogs, BE-3-4-3 and BE-3-3-3, resulted in transcriptional inhibition of both ERE- and NRE-driven reporter plasmids. In addition, polyamine analogs inhibited the association of ER alpha and NF-kappa B with CBP/p300 and were unable to facilitate nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B. APO-BRDU assay demonstrated that polyamine analogs induced apoptosis, with a loss of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. These data show a gene regulatory function of polyamines involving transcriptional activation of ER alpha and NF-kappa B, potentially leading to the up-regulation of genes involved in breast cancer cell proliferation. Our results with BE-3-4-3 and BE-3-3-3 suggest that down-regulation of ER alpha- and NF-kappa B-regulated genes is a possible mechanism for the action of polyamine analogs in inducing apoptosis of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shah
- Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, NJ 08903, USA
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