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Li X, Wang Q, Hu S, Zhang C, Zhu Z, Wang L, Chen R, Song Z, Liao H, Liu Q, Zhu WH. Dual-Responsive and Aggregation-Induced-Emission Probe for Selective Imaging of Infectious Urolithiasis. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401347. [PMID: 38819639 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Identifying infected stones is crucial due to their rapid growth and high recurrence rate. Here, the calcium-magnesium dual-responsive aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active probe TCM-5COOH (Tricyano-methlene-pyridine-5COOH), distinctively engineered to distinguish high-threat infection calculi from metabolic stones, is presented. Upon incorporation of flexible alkyl carboxyl group, TCM-5COOH featuring five carboxyl moieties demonstrates excellent water solubility and enhanced penetration into porous infectious stones. The robust chelation of TCM-5COOH with stone surface-abundant Ca2+ and Mg2+ inhibits vibrational relaxation, thus triggering intense AIE signals. Remarkably, the resulting complex exhibits high insolubility, effectively anchoring within the porous structure of the infection calculi and offering prolonged illumination. Jobs' plot method reveals similar response characteristics for Ca2+ and Mg2+, with a 1:2 coordination number for both ions. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) results demonstrate higher enthalpy change (ΔH) and lower entropy change (ΔS) for the reaction, indicating enhanced selectivity compared to TCM-4COOH lacking the alkyl carboxyl group. Synchrotron X-ray absorption fine spectroscopy (XAFS) validates TCM-5COOH's interaction with Ca2+ and Mg2+ at the microlevel. This dual-responsive probe excels in identifying infectious and metabolic calculi, compatible with endoscopic modalities and laser excitation, thereby prompting clinical visualization and diagnostic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Shanshan Hu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Cuiyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhirong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Liyang Wang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ruoyang Chen
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhiyin Song
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Hongze Liao
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wei-Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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Robey JMS, Maity S, Aleshire SL, Ghosh A, Yadaw AK, Roy S, Mear SJ, Jamison TF, Sirasani G, Senanayake CH, Stringham RW, Gupton BF, Donsbach KO, Nelson RC, Shanahan CS. Application of Chiral Transfer Reagents to Improve Stereoselectivity and Yields in the Synthesis of the Antituberculosis Drug Bedaquiline. Org Process Res Dev 2023; 27:2146-2159. [PMID: 38025988 PMCID: PMC10661061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.3c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Bedaquiline (BDQ) is an important drug for treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), a worldwide disease that causes more than 1.6 million deaths yearly. The current synthetic strategy adopted by the manufacturers to assemble this molecule relies on a nucleophilic addition reaction of a quinoline fragment to a ketone, but it suffers from low conversion and no stereoselectivity, which subsequently increases the cost of manufacturing BDQ. The Medicines for All Institute (M4ALL) has developed a new reaction methodology to this process that not only allows high conversion of starting materials but also results in good diastereo- and enantioselectivity toward the desired BDQ stereoisomer. A variety of chiral lithium amides derived from amino acids were studied, and it was found that lithium (R)-2-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidide, obtained from d-proline, results in high assay yield of the desired syn-diastereomer pair (82%) and with considerable stereocontrol (d.r. = 13.6:1, e.r. = 3.6:1, 56% ee), providing BDQ in up to a 64% assay yield before purification steps toward the final API. This represents a considerable improvement in the BDQ yield compared to previously reported conditions and could be critical to further lowering the cost of this life-saving drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana M. S. Robey
- Medicines
for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | - Sanjay Maity
- Medicines
for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | - Sarah L. Aleshire
- Medicines
for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | - Angshuman Ghosh
- R&D
Centre, TCG Life Sciences Pvt. Limited, Kolkata, WB 700091, India
| | - Ajay K. Yadaw
- R&D
Centre, TCG Life Sciences Pvt. Limited, Kolkata, WB 700091, India
| | - Subho Roy
- R&D
Centre, TCG Life Sciences Pvt. Limited, Kolkata, WB 700091, India
| | - Sarah Jane Mear
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy F. Jamison
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gopal Sirasani
- TCG
GreenChem, Inc., Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | | | - Rodger W. Stringham
- Medicines
for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | - B. Frank Gupton
- Medicines
for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | - Kai O. Donsbach
- Medicines
for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | - Ryan C. Nelson
- Medicines
for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | - Charles S. Shanahan
- Medicines
for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
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3
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Mear SJ, Lucas T, Ahlqvist GP, Robey JMS, Dietz J, Khairnar PV, Maity S, Williams CL, Snead DR, Nelson RC, Opatz T, Jamison TF. Diastereoselectivity is in the Details: Minor Changes Yield Major Improvements to the Synthesis of Bedaquiline**. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201311. [PMID: 35675114 PMCID: PMC9545417 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bedaquiline is a crucial medicine in the global fight against tuberculosis, yet its high price places it out of reach for many patients. Herein, we describe improvements to the key industrial lithiation‐addition sequence that enable a higher yielding and therefore more economical synthesis of bedaquiline. Prioritization of mechanistic understanding and multi‐lab reproducibility led to optimized reaction conditions that feature an unusual base‐salt pairing and afford a doubling of the yield of racemic bedaquiline. We anticipate that implementation of these improvements on manufacturing scale will be facile, thereby substantially increasing the accessibility of this essential medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jane Mear
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Tobias Lucas
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Grace P. Ahlqvist
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Juliana M. S. Robey
- Medicines for All Institute Department of Chemistry and Life Sciences Engineering Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia 23284 USA
| | - Jule‐Philipp Dietz
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Pankaj V. Khairnar
- Medicines for All Institute Department of Chemistry and Life Sciences Engineering Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia 23284 USA
| | - Sanjay Maity
- Medicines for All Institute Department of Chemistry and Life Sciences Engineering Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia 23284 USA
| | - Corshai L. Williams
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - David R. Snead
- Medicines for All Institute Department of Chemistry and Life Sciences Engineering Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia 23284 USA
| | - Ryan C. Nelson
- Medicines for All Institute Department of Chemistry and Life Sciences Engineering Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia 23284 USA
| | - Till Opatz
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Timothy F. Jamison
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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Eames J, Weerasooriya N. Recent Studies on the Regioselective C-Protonation of Enol Derivatives using Carbonyl-Containing Proton Donors. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/030823401103168154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Enolate protonation can occur by two different pathways. With strong acids regioselective protonation generally occurs on the oxygen of the enolate to give an enol and then acid catalysed tautomerisation leads directly to the thermody-namically preferred carbonyl motif. However, with much weaker acids kinetic protonation on carbon can occur to give directly the carbonyl derivative. This review discuss recent developments into the use of chelating acids to promote this stereochemically important C-protonation and we comment on factors that appear to promote this selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Eames
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Neluka Weerasooriya
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
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