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Vrána J, Němec V, Samsonov MA, Růžička A. On the edge of the steric repulsion and reactivity of bulky anilines; a case study of chloro(imino)phosphine synthesis. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:14352-14361. [PMID: 34568883 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02445k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
2-Benzhydryl-4-methyl-6-(1,1'-diphenyl-2-phenyl-ethyl)aniline was prepared by a three-step process. 2,6-Bis(benzhydryl)-4-methyl-aniline was protected by Schiff coupling, then benzylated and finally dealkylated by using hydrochloric acid and methanol. The resulting compound exhibits one of the highest buried volumes around the nitrogen atom of anilines prepared so far, but it reacts with phosphorus trichloride and triethylamine to give a monomeric chloro(imino)phosphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vrána
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Vlastimil Němec
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Maksim A Samsonov
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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Roy MM, Miao L, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R, Rivard E. An unexpected Staudinger reaction at an N-heterocyclic carbene-carbon center. CAN J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The previously unreported carbene-phosphine adduct (IPr)PCl2N3 [IPr = (HCNDipp)2C:; Dipp = 2,6-iPr2C6H3] was synthesized and used as a synthon toward the elusive dichlorophosphazene monomer unit, [Cl2P=N]. (IPr)PCl2N3 was found to undergo halide and azide abstraction when combined with various electrophiles and its thermolysis yielded the unexpected Staudinger reaction product (IPr=N)PCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M.D. Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Linkun Miao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
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Bresien J, Hinz A, Schulz A, Suhrbier T, Thomas M, Villinger A. Dichloro-Cycloazatriphosphane: The Missing Link between N 2 P 2 and P 4 Ring Systems in the Systematic Development of NP Chemistry. Chemistry 2017; 23:14738-14742. [PMID: 28898470 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A dichloro-cycloazatriphosphane that incorporates a cyclic NP3 backbone could be synthesized using knowledge gained from the chemistry of N2 P2 and P4 ring systems. It fills the gap between the congeneric compounds [ClP(μ-NR)]2 and [ClP(μ-PR)]2 (R=sterically demanding substituent), and thus contributes to the systematic development of nitrogen-phosphorus chemistry in general. The title compound was studied with respect to its formation via a labile aminodiphosphene, which readily underwent different rearrangement reactions depending on the solvent. All compounds were fully characterized by experimental and computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bresien
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Hinz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tim Suhrbier
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Max Thomas
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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Chivers T, Laitinen RS. Insights into the formation of inorganic heterocycles via cyclocondensation of primary amines with group 15 and 16 halides. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:1357-1367. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04477h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The cyclocondensation reaction of primary amines with pnictogen and chalcogen halides is a major preparative route for the generation of inorganic heterocycles involving a Group 15 or 16 element linked to nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristram Chivers
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calgary
- Calgary
- Canada T2N 1N4
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Jayaraman A, Sterenberg BT. Phosphorus–Carbon Bond Forming Reactions of Diphenylphosphenium and Diphenylphosphine Triflate Complexes of Tungsten. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Jayaraman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Brian T. Sterenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
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Holthausen MH, Sala C, Weigand JJ. Reaction of P4with in situ Formedcyclo-Triphosphatriazenium Cation [(DmpNP)3Cl2]+(Dmp = 2,6-Dimethylphenyl). Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Hering-Junghans C, Schulz A, Villinger A. A neutral low-coordinate heterocyclic bismuth-tin species. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:13834-7. [PMID: 26234417 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04516a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of cyclodistannadiazane with an excess of antimonytrichloride led to the formation of tetrachlorodistibanes, while in the reaction with bismuthtrichloride a carbenoid bismuth species was obtained which can be regarded as a heavy atom analog of NHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Schulz
- Institut für Chemie
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
- Abteilung Materialdesign
| | - A. Villinger
- Institut für Chemie
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
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Hinz A, Kuzora R, Rosenthal U, Schulz A, Villinger A. Activation of Small Molecules by Phosphorus Biradicaloids. Chemistry 2014; 20:14659-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Schulz A, Villinger A, Westenkirchner A. Synthesis of 1,3-Dichloro-cyclo-1,3-diphosphadiazanes from Silylated Amino(dichloro)phosphanes. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:11457-68. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4017728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Andrea Westenkirchner
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Roth T, Wadepohl H, Wright DS, Gade LH. Chiral ditopic cyclophosphazane (CycloP) ligands: synthesis, coordination chemistry, and application in asymmetric catalysis. Chemistry 2013; 19:13823-37. [PMID: 24038171 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A series of dichlorocyclophosphazanes [{ClP(μ-NR)}2 ] containing chiral and achiral R groups was obtained from simple commercially available amines and PCl3 . Their condensation reactions with axially chiral biaryl diols yielded ansa-bridged chiral cyclophosphazane (CycloP) ligands. This highly modular methodology allows extensive elaboration of the ligand set, in which the chirality can be introduced at the diol bridge and/or the amido R group. This provides the possibility to observe match and mismatch effects in catalysis. A series of twenty CycloP ligands was synthesized and characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, HRMS, elemental analysis, and in selected cases, single-crystal X-ray diffraction. These studies show that all of the ditopic CycloP ligands are C2 symmetric, rendering their metal coordination sites symmetry equivalent. Two well-established enantioselective reactions were explored by using late-transition metal CycloP complexes as catalysts; the gold-catalyzed hydroamination of γ-allenyl sulfonamides and the asymmetric nickel-catalyzed three-component coupling of a diene and an aldehyde. The steric demands of the CycloP ligands have a subtle influence on the reactivity and selectivity observed in both reactions. Good enantiomeric ratios (e.r.) as high as 89:11 in the gold-catalyzed reaction and 92:8 in the nickel-catalyzed bis-homoallylation reaction were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Roth
- Anorganisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 6221-54-5609
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11
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Lehmann M, Schulz A, Villinger A. Cyclic Distiba- and Dibismadiazenium Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:8087-91. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Lehmann M, Schulz A, Villinger A. Cyclische Distiba- und Dibismadiazenium-Kationen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Brazeau AL, Hänninen MM, Tuononen HM, Jones ND, Ragogna PJ. Synthesis, Reactivity, and Computational Analysis of Halophosphines Supported by Dianionic Guanidinate Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:5398-414. [PMID: 22352422 DOI: 10.1021/ja300587z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allison L. Brazeau
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, Chemistry Building,
1151 Richmond Street, London, N6A 5B7 Ontario, Canada
| | - Mikko M. Hänninen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35,
FI-40014 Finland
| | - Heikki M. Tuononen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35,
FI-40014 Finland
| | - Nathan D. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, Chemistry Building,
1151 Richmond Street, London, N6A 5B7 Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul J. Ragogna
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, Chemistry Building,
1151 Richmond Street, London, N6A 5B7 Ontario, Canada
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Kuprat M, Lehmann M, Schulz A, Villinger A. Synthesis of Blue Imino(pentafluorophenyl)phosphane. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:5784-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ic200623x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Kuprat
- Universität Rostock Institut für Chemie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Mathias Lehmann
- Universität Rostock Institut für Chemie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Universität Rostock Institut für Chemie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Universität Rostock Institut für Chemie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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15
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A growing family: New structures of coordination polymers containing adamantane-shaped phosphorus–nitrogen cage ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2010.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Reiß F, Schulz A, Villinger A, Weding N. Synthesis of sterically encumbered 2,4-bis-m-terphenyl-1,3-dichloro-2,4-cyclo-dipnictadiazanes [m-TerNPnCl]2, (Pn = P, As). Dalton Trans 2010; 39:9962-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00700e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Holthausen MH, Weigand JJ. Preparation of the [(DippNP)2(P4)2]2+-dication by the reaction of [DippNPCl]2 and a Lewis acid with P4. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:14210-1. [PMID: 19775108 DOI: 10.1021/ja906878q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The controlled activation of white phosphorus, P(4), provides a key entry point into many aspects of phosphorus chemistry. The activation and functionalization of P(4) by N-heterocyclic carbenes and carbene-like main group element fragments is of considerable current interest. In this communication, we report on the first use of a disguised bifunctional Lewis acid [DippNP](2)(2+) obtained from the cyclo-1,3-diphospha-2,4-diazane [DippNPCl](2) for P(4) functionalization. This has enabled the targeted preparation of novel mono- and dicationic phosphorus-rich clusters [(DippNP)(2)(P(4))Cl](+) and [(DippNP)(2)(P(4))(2)](+). The utilization of such a bifunctional phosphenium cation represents a rational and potentially versatile synthetic method for the assembly of large clusters using P(4) as a building block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Holthausen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Davidson RJ, Weigand JJ, Burford N, Cameron TS, Decken A, Werner-Zwanziger U. Bifunctional diphosphorus Lewis acids from cyclodiphosphadiazanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:4671-3. [PMID: 17989828 DOI: 10.1039/b710853b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The quantitative displacement of triflate groups in 1,3-ditriflato-2,4-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)cyclodiphospha-2,4-diazane by DMAP (4-dimethylaminopyridine) or Me(3)P gives dicationic complexes containing bifunctional diphosphorus Lewis acceptors.
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Spinney HA, Korobkov I, DiLabio GA, Yap GPA, Richeson DS. Diamidonaphthalene-Stabilized N-Heterocyclic Pnictogenium Cations and Their Cation−Cation Solid-State Interactions. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om7004436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather A. Spinney
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5, National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council of Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2M9, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Ilia Korobkov
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5, National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council of Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2M9, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Gino A. DiLabio
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5, National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council of Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2M9, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Glen P. A. Yap
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5, National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council of Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2M9, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Darrin S. Richeson
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5, National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council of Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2M9, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
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Chandrasekaran P, Mague JT, Balakrishna MS. Intramolecular amine-induced [1,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement in the reactions of aminophosphinites or phosphites with elemental sulfur or selenium. Inorg Chem 2007; 45:5893-7. [PMID: 16841994 DOI: 10.1021/ic060413m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ether- and thioether-functionalized cyclodiphosphazanes cis-[tBuNP(OCH2CH2EMe)]2 (E = O, 1; E = S, 2) react with 2 equiv of elemental sulfur or selenium to produce dichalcogenides cis-[tBuNP(E)(OCH2CH2EMe)]2 (4-6), whereas the similar reaction of amine-functionalized cyclodiphosphazane cis-[tBuNP(OCH2CH2NMe2)]2 (3) with elemental chalcogen results in the formation of thio- or selenophosphates trans-[tBuNP(O)(ECH2CH2NMe2)]2 (E = S, 7; E = Se, 8) through [1,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement. The X-ray crystal structure of 8 confirms the rearranged product as the trans isomer with a planar P2N2 ring. The equimolar reaction of P(OCH2CH2OMe)3 (9) with elemental sulfur or selenium produces the simple sulfide and selenide E=P(OCH2CH2OMe)3 (E = S, 11; E = Se, 12) derivatives, respectively. In contrast, the reaction between P(OCH2CH2NMe2)3 (10) and S or Se furnishes the rearranged products (13 and 14). The rearrangement reaction was monitored by (31)PNMR spectroscopy, which confirms the formation of selenophosphinic acid as the first step of the rearrangement. The [1,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement presumably takes place through chalcogen-nitrogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chandrasekaran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
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Abstract
This critical review covers significant recent advances in the chemistry of pnictogen(III)-nitrogen ring systems, also known as cyclopnict(III)azanes. The synthetic methodologies and reactions of the heavier pnictogen systems are compared with the well-developed chemistry of cyclophosph(III)azanes. Particular attention is focused on ring-oligomerization processes and the use of four-membered E(2)N(2) rings as building blocks for the synthesis of macrocyclic molecules. Main-group element and transition-metal complexes are also discussed (95 references).
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Spinney HA, Yap GPA, Korobkov I, DiLabio G, Richeson DS. Construction of a Stable N-Heterocyclic Phosphenium Cation with an Electron-Rich Framework and Its Complexation to Rhodium. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om060466b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather A. Spinney
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, and National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council of Canada, W6-010 ECERF, 9107-116th Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2V4
| | - Glenn P. A. Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, and National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council of Canada, W6-010 ECERF, 9107-116th Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2V4
| | - Ilia Korobkov
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, and National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council of Canada, W6-010 ECERF, 9107-116th Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2V4
| | - Gino DiLabio
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, and National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council of Canada, W6-010 ECERF, 9107-116th Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2V4
| | - Darrin S. Richeson
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, and National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council of Canada, W6-010 ECERF, 9107-116th Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2V4
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Burford N, Cameron TS, Macdonald CLB, Robertson KN, Schurko R, Walsh D, McDonald R, Wasylishen RE. Dissociation of 2,4-Bis(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl)-cyclo-1,3-dipnicta-2,4-diazanes (pnict = P, As, Sb) Imposed by Substituent Steric Strain: A Cyclobutane/Olefin Analogy. Inorg Chem 2005; 44:8058-64. [PMID: 16241156 DOI: 10.1021/ic050770h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three 2,4-bis(Mes)-cyclo-1,3-dipnicta-2,4-diazanes, 2PnX, have been synthesized as 1,3-dichloro- (Pn = As; X = Cl) or 1,3-bis(triflato)- (Pn = P, Sb; X = OTf) derivatives (Mes = 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl; OTf = triflato = trifluoromethanesulfonoxy). The compounds have been structurally characterized as cyclodimers, but spectroscopic characterization of melts and solutions indicates facile dissociation of the diphosphadiazane 2POTf derivative to give the corresponding iminophosphine 1POTf and of the diarsadiazane 2AsCl derivative to give the corresponding iminoarsine 1AsCl. 1,3-Bis(triflato)-2,4-bis(Mes)-cyclo-1,3-distiba-2,4-diazane (2SbOTf) does not dissociate in the melt or in solution. The presence of the sterically bulky Mes substituent does not preclude association of N-Pn olefin analogues to give single bonded cyclobutane analogues. The facile dissociation of 2POTf and isolation of 1POTf implicates a relatively high degree of substituent steric strain in the dimer. In comparison, dissociation of 2AsCl is only apparent in the melt and in solution, likely the result of the lower substituent strain in the larger N(2)As(2) framework. The largest N(2)Pn(2) framework in 2SbOTf provides sufficient space for the Mes substituents, and the monomer is not observed under the conditions examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Burford
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Burford N, Edelstein E, Landry JC, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R. Identification of new N-Sb topologies: understanding the sequential dehydrochloride coupling of primary amines and trichloropnictines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:5074-6. [PMID: 16220175 DOI: 10.1039/b509481j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Subtle steric strain imposed by 2,6-dimethylphenyl substituents on N-Sb frameworks has enabled identification of the first acyclic dipnictadiazane and the first six-membered cyclotristibatriazane providing insight into the dehydrohalide coupling reaction of amines with halopnictines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Burford
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4J3, Canada.
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Burford N, Landry JC, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R. Synthesis of cyclo-2,4,6-Triarsa-1,3,5-triazanes from cyclo-2,4-Diarsa-1,3-diazanes Demonstrating the General Influence of Substituent Steric Strain on the Relative Stability of Pnictazane Oligomers. Inorg Chem 2005; 44:5897-902. [PMID: 16060645 DOI: 10.1021/ic050532m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2,4-Dichloro-1,3-diaryl-cyclo-2,4-diarsa-1,3-diazanes (aryl = 2,6-dimethylphenyl, Dmp, or 2,6-diisopropylphenyl, Dipp) have been transformed into the corresponding 2,4,6-trichloro-cyclo-2,4,6-triarsa-1,3,5-triazanes on reaction with GaCl(3) followed by 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP). The nitrogen bound Dmp and Dipp substituents impose "medium" substituent steric strain on the heterocycles influencing the relative thermodynamic stability of potential oligomers in favor of the trimers. This ring expansion disproportionation reaction is initiated by chloride ion abstraction, and the intermediate 2,4-dichloro-1,3,5-tris(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-cyclo-2,4-diarsa-1,3,5-triazane-6-arsenium tetrachlorogallate has been isolated and structurally characterized. Subsequent reaction with 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) effects release of chloride ion from the gallate anion and consequential formation of a covalent As-Cl bond in the trimer. The observations are analogous to those for the phosphorus derivatives demonstrating a general applicability of this new synthetic procedure for the development and diversification of cyclopnictazane chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Burford
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Chivers T, Copsey MC, Fedorchuk C, Parvez M, Stubbs M. Synthesis of Acyclic NPNCN Systems and Metalation Reactions with Organolithium, -magnesium, and -aluminum Reagents. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om0492045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tristram Chivers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - May C. Copsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Chantall Fedorchuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Masood Parvez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Michael Stubbs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
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Burford N, Dyker CA, Phillips AD, Spinney HA, Decken A, McDonald R, Ragogna PJ, Rheingold AL. Ylidene→Iminophosphine Coordination Complexes and Reversible Dissociation of Dichlorophosphetidines. Inorg Chem 2004; 43:7502-7. [PMID: 15530101 DOI: 10.1021/ic049333d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chloro-, bromo-, iodo-, and trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy-(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenylimino)phosphines (MesNPX; X = Cl, Br, I, OTf) react quantitatively with 1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene (Im) to give Lewis acid-base complexes with the general formula MesNP(Im)X. The dichlorophosphetidine (DippNPCl)(2) (Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) represents a formal cyclodimer of an iminophosphine and reacts with Im to give a similar complex. The process represents a ligand induced dissociation of the phosphetidine framework and is reversed by the introduction of an appropriate Lewis acid. Solid state structures of RNP(Im)X complexes show that the closest contact between acid and base occurs between phosphorus and carbon in all cases, highlighting them as compounds that contain examples of C-->P coordinate bonds. Association of Im with phosphorus also effects a substantial increase in the P-X distance, but all derivatives maintain a short NP bond, indicating the presence of NP pi-bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Burford
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4J3, Canada.
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Burford N, Conroy KD, Landry JC, Ragogna PJ, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R. Gallium Halide Induced Heterocycle Expansion of Dihalodiphosphadiaryldiazanes [(XPNR)2] to the Corresponding Triphosphatriazanes [(XPNR)3]. Inorg Chem 2004; 43:8245-51. [PMID: 15606170 DOI: 10.1021/ic049217a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of the cyclic diphosphadiazanes (XPNR)(2) (X = Cl, Br; R = 2,6-dimethylphenyl = Dmp, 2,6-diisopropylphenyl = Dipp) with GaX(3) followed by 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) give the corresponding trimers (XPNR)(3). An unusual cyclophosphazanium tetrachlorogallate salt [(DippN)(3)P(3)Cl(2)][GaCl(4)] has been isolated from the reaction of (ClPNDipp)(2) with GaCl(3) and represents an intermediate in the disproportionation process. Dissociation of the gallate ion on reaction of [(DippN)(3)P(3)Cl(2)][GaCl(4)] with DMAP releases a halide ion, which associates with the dicoordinate phosphenium center to give (ClPNDipp)(3). The observations indicate that the presence of medium-sized substituents at nitrogen (R) thermodynamically destabilize the dimer with respect to the trimer, without offering sufficient stabilization of the monomer, as observed for MesNPX (Mes* = 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl) (Mes* > Dipp > Dmp). Nevertheless, lability of the N-P bond in these derivatives of (XPNR)(2) allows for transformations between dimer and trimer that may include transient existence of the corresponding monomer. Manipulation of substituent steric strain to modify the relative stability of phosphazane oligomers provides a new methodology for diversification of phosphazane chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Burford
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4J3, Canada.
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