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Morris LJ, Ghana P, Rajeshkumar T, Carpentier A, Maron L, Okuda J. Ein Brønsted‐saures Galliumhydrid: Einfache Umwandlung von NNNN‐Makrocyclus‐geträgertem [Ga
I
]
+
in [Ga
III
H]
2+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louis J. Morris
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie RWTH Aachen University 52062 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Priyabrata Ghana
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie RWTH Aachen University 52062 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- CNRS INSA UPS UMR 5215 LPCNO Université de Toulouse 135 Avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse Frankreich
| | - Ambre Carpentier
- CNRS INSA UPS UMR 5215 LPCNO Université de Toulouse 135 Avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse Frankreich
| | - Laurent Maron
- CNRS INSA UPS UMR 5215 LPCNO Université de Toulouse 135 Avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse Frankreich
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie RWTH Aachen University 52062 Aachen Deutschland
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Morris LJ, Ghana P, Rajeshkumar T, Carpentier A, Maron L, Okuda J. A Brønsted Acidic Gallium Hydride: Facile Interconversion of NNNN-Macrocycle Supported [GaI]+ and [GaIIIH]2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114629. [PMID: 34932267 PMCID: PMC9304309 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Protonolysis of [Cp*M] (M=Ga, In, Tl) with [(Me4TACD)H][BAr4Me] (Me4TACD=N,N′,N′′,N′′′‐tetramethyl‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane; [BAr4Me]−=[B{C6H3‐3,5‐(CH3)2}4]−) provided monovalent salts [(Me4TACD)M][BAr4Me], whereas [Cp*Al]4 yielded trivalent [(Me4TACD)AlH][BAr4Me]2. Protonation of [(Me4TACD)Ga][BAr4Me] with [Et3NH][BAr4Me] gave an unusually acidic (pKa(CH3CN)=24.5) gallium(III) hydride dication [(Me4TACD)GaH][BAr4Me]2. Deprotonation with IMe4 (1,3,4,5‐tetramethyl‐imidazol‐ylidene) returned [(Me4TACD)Ga][BAr4Me]. These reversible processes occur with formal two‐electron oxidation and reduction of gallium. DFT calculations suggest that gallium(I) protonation is facilitated by strong coordination of the tetradentate ligand, which raises the HOMO energy. High nuclear charge of [(Me4TACD)GaH]2+ facilitates hydride‐to‐metal charge transfer during deprotonation. Attempts to prepare a gallium(III) dihydride cation resulted in spontaneous dehydrogenation to [(Me4TACD)Ga]+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis J Morris
- Aachen University of Technology: Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, 52062, Aachen, GERMANY
| | - Priyabrata Ghana
- Aachen University of Technology: Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, 52056, Aachen, GERMANY
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Toulouse 3 University: Universite Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CNRS, INSA, UPS, LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, FRANCE
| | - Ambre Carpentier
- Toulouse 3 University: Universite Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CNRS, INSA, UPS, LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, FRANCE
| | - Laurent Maron
- Toulouse 3 University: Universite Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CNRS, INSA, UPS, LPCNO, Université de Toulouse et CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO,, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, FRANCE
| | - Jun Okuda
- RWTH Aachen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, GERMANY
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Abstract
AbstractIn this short review, different phenomena that are triggered by the interaction of different compounds or clusters of compounds with electron-deficient systems, in particular beryllium and boron compounds, have been discussed in some detail. Particular attention was devoted to the huge acidity enhancements that can be induced through the interaction of conventional bases with B or Be containing compounds, which change these conventional bases in extremely strong proton donors. We have paid also attention to the cooperativity between Be bonds with other weak interactions, which results in a substantial increase of their strength, that can lead in some specific cases to the spontaneous formation of ion-pairs in the gas phase. Finally, the behavior of different Be derivatives as electron and anion sponges is discussed as well as the conditions needed to have clusters exhibiting rather strong Be–Be bonds, even though the Be–Be interaction in Be2 dimer is extremely weak. Finally, some attention was paid to systems with extremely short Be–Be distances but without a bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otilia Mó
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Facultad de Ciencias and Institute of Advanced Chemical Sciences (IadChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Lin MY, Huang TP, Chin CH, Wu YJ. Formation and identification of borane radical anions isolated in solid argon. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:074307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5016869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yeh Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ping Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Chin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jong Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001, Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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5
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Uggerud E. The Factors Determining Reactivity in Nucleophilic Substitution. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apoc.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Islam SM, Huelin SD, Dawe M, Poirier RA. Comparison of the Standard 6-31G and Binning-Curtiss Basis Sets for Third Row Elements. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 4:86-100. [PMID: 26619982 DOI: 10.1021/ct700224j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ab initio calculations were carried out for isogyric reactions involving the third row elements, Ga, Ge, As, Se, and Br. Geometries of all the reactants and products were optimized at the HF, MP2, and B3LYP levels of theory using the 6-31G(d) and 6-31G(d,p) basis sets. For molecules containing third row elements geometries, frequencies and thermodynamic properties were calculated using both the standard 6-31G and the Binning-Curtiss (BC6-31G) basis sets. In order to determine the performance of these basis sets, the calculated thermodynamic properties were compared to G3MP2 values and where possible to experimental values. Geometries and frequencies calculated with the standard 6-31G and the BC6-31G basis sets were found to differ significantly. Frequencies calculated with the standard 6-31G basis set were generally in better agreement with the experimental values (MAD=40.1 cm(-1) at B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) and 94.2 cm(-1) at MP2/6-31G(d,p) for unscaled frequencies and 29.6 cm(-1) and 24.4 cm(-1), respectively, for scaled frequencies). For all the reactions investigated, the thermodynamic properties calculated with the standard 6-31G basis set were found to consistently be in better agreement with the G3MP2 and the available experimental results. However, the BC6-31G basis set performs poorly for the reactions involving both second and third row elements. Since, in general, the standard 6-31G basis set performs well for all the reactions, we recommend that the standard 6-31G basis set be used for calculations involving third row elements. Using G3MP2 enthalpies of reaction and available experimental heats of formation (ΔHf), previously unknown ΔHf for CH3SeH, SiH3SeH, CH3AsH2, SiH3AsH2, CH3GeH3, and SiH3GeH3 were found to be 18.3, 18.0, 38.4, 82.4, 41.9, and 117.4 kJ mol(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahidul M Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X7
| | - Stephanie D Huelin
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X7
| | - Margot Dawe
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X7
| | - Raymond A Poirier
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X7
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Mulder RJ, Guerra CF, Bickelhaupt FM. Methyl cation affinities of neutral and anionic maingroup-element hydrides: trends across the periodic table and correlation with proton affinities. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:7604-8. [PMID: 20575582 DOI: 10.1021/jp103011k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We have computed the methyl cation affinities in the gas phase of archetypal anionic and neutral bases across the periodic table using ZORA-relativistic density functional theory (DFT) at BP86/QZ4P//BP86/TZ2P. The main purpose of this work is to provide the methyl cation affinities (and corresponding entropies) at 298 K of all anionic (XH(n-1)(-)) and neutral bases (XH(n)) constituted by maingroup-element hydrides of groups 14-17 and the noble gases (i.e., group 18) along the periods 2-6. The cation affinity of the bases decreases from H(+) to CH(3)(+). To understand this trend, we have carried out quantitative bond energy decomposition analyses (EDA). Quantitative correlations are established between the MCA and PA values.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Joshua Mulder
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling, Scheikundig Laboratorium der Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Rayne S, Forest K. Gas phase acidities and associated equilibrium isotope effects for selected main group mono- and polyhydrides, carbon acids, and oxyacids: A G4 and W1BD study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2010.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Hurtado M, Yáñez M, Guillemin JC. Enhanced acidity of cyclopenta-2,4-dienylborane and its Al and Ga analogues. The role of aromatization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:8759-66. [PMID: 20449020 DOI: 10.1039/b906045f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic acidity of cyclopenta-2,4-dienylborane and its Al and Ga analogues has been compared to that of cyclopentadiene by means of B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,2p)//CCSD/6-311+G(d,p) calculations. Substitution of one of the H atoms of the C(sp(3))H(2) group of cyclopentadiene by an XH(2) (X = B, Al, Ga) leads to an acidity enhancement which is significantly large for the boron derivative (95 kJ mol(-1)); but much smaller for the Al and Ga containing analogues. This acidity enhancement reflects the stabilization of the anion, in the substituted derivatives, due to a significant reinforcement of the C-X bond. This enhancement is however smaller than expected because, although XH(2) (X = B, Al, Ga) substitution leads to a significant aromatization of the neutral compounds, the aromaticity significantly decreases upon deprotonation, whereas for the unsubstituted parent compound is the other way around. Cyclopenta-2,4-dienylborane and its Al and Ga analogues behave as highly fluxional systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Hurtado
- Departamento de Química, C-9. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
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Vest B, Klinkhammer K, Thierfelder C, Lein M, Schwerdtfeger P. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Stability of the Group 13 Trihydrides. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:7953-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ic900997p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Vest
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics (CTCP), New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study (NZIAS), Massey University Albany, Private Bag 102904, North Shore MSC, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karl Klinkhammer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Thierfelder
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics (CTCP), New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study (NZIAS), Massey University Albany, Private Bag 102904, North Shore MSC, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Matthias Lein
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics (CTCP), New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study (NZIAS), Massey University Albany, Private Bag 102904, North Shore MSC, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter Schwerdtfeger
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics (CTCP), New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study (NZIAS), Massey University Albany, Private Bag 102904, North Shore MSC, Auckland, New Zealand
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11
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Hurtado M, Yánez M, Herrero R, Guerrero A, Dávalos JZ, Abboud JLM, Khater B, Guillemin JC. The ever-surprising chemistry of boron: enhanced acidity of phosphine.boranes. Chemistry 2009; 15:4622-9. [PMID: 19274692 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200802307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The acidity-enhancing effect of BH(3) in gas-phase phosphineboranes compared to the corresponding free phosphines is enormous, between 13 and 18 orders of magnitude in terms of ionization constants. Thus, the enhancement of the acidity of protic acids by Lewis acids usually observed in solution is also observed in the gas phase. For example, the gas-phase acidities (GA) of MePH(2) and MePH(2)BH(3) differ by about 118 kJ mol(-1) (see picture).The gas-phase acidity of a series of phosphines and their corresponding phosphineborane derivatives was measured by FT-ICR techniques. BH(3) attachment leads to a substantial increase of the intrinsic acidity of the system (from 80 to 110 kJ mol(-1)). This acidity-enhancing effect of BH(3) is enormous, between 13 and 18 orders of magnitude in terms of ionization constants. This indicates that the enhancement of the acidity of protic acids by Lewis acids usually observed in solution also occurs in the gas phase. High-level DFT calculations reveal that this acidity enhancement is essentially due to stronger stabilization of the anion with respect to the neutral species on BH(3) association, due to a stronger electron donor ability of P in the anion and better dispersion of the negative charge in the system when the BH(3) group is present. Our study also shows that deprotonation of ClCH(2)PH(2) and ClCH(2)PH(2)BH(3) is followed by chloride departure. For the latter compound deprotonation at the BH(3) group is found to be more favorable than PH(2) deprotonation, and the subsequent loss of Cl(-) is kinetically favored with respect to loss of Cl(-) in a typical S(N)2 process. Hence, ClCH(2)PH(2)BH(3) is the only phosphineborane adduct included in this study which behaves as a boron acid rather than as a phosphorus acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Hurtado
- Departamento de Química, C-9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Wu XP, Sun XM, Wei XG, Ren Y, Wong NB, Li WK. Exploring the Reactivity Trends in the E2 and SN2 Reactions of X− + CH3CH2Cl (X = F, Cl, Br, HO, HS, HSe, NH2 PH2, AsH2, CH3, SiH3, and GeH3). J Chem Theory Comput 2009; 5:1597-606. [DOI: 10.1021/ct900041y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Peng Wu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, and Key State Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Xiao-Ming Sun
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, and Key State Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Xi-Guang Wei
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, and Key State Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, and Key State Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Ning-Bew Wong
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, and Key State Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Kee Li
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, and Key State Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
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Eizaguirre A, Mó O, Yáñez M, Guillemin JC. α,β-Unsaturated and Saturated Derivatives of Be, Mg, and Ca: Are They Carbon or Metal Acids in the Gas Phase? Chemistry 2008; 14:10423-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Gámez J, Guillemin JC, Mó O, Yáñez M. Strong Dissimilarities Between the Gas-Phase Acidities of Saturated and α,β-Unsaturated Boranes and the Corresponding Alanes and Gallanes. Chemistry 2008; 14:2201-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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