1
|
Park D, Baek D, Lee CW, Ryu H, Park S, Han W, Hong S. Enantioselective C(sp2)–H borylation of diarylmethylsilanes catalyzed by chiral pyridine-dihydroisoquinoline iridium complexes. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
2
|
Wang L, Zhou P, Lin Q, Dong S, Liu X, Feng X. Chiral Fe(ii) complex catalyzed enantioselective [1,3] O-to-C rearrangement of alkyl vinyl ethers and synthesis of chromanols and beyond. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10101-10106. [PMID: 34094271 PMCID: PMC8162448 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04340k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly efficient enantioselective [1,3] O-to-C rearrangement of racemic vinyl ethers that operates under mild conditions was developed. This method with chiral ferrous complex catalyst provided an efficient access to a wide range of chromanols with high yields and excellent enantioselectivities. In addition, an important urological drug (R)-tolterodine and others were easily obtained after simple transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Qianchi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Shunxi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saifuddin M, Guo C, Biewenga L, Saravanan T, Charnock SJ, Poelarends GJ. Enantioselective Aldol Addition of Acetaldehyde to Aromatic Aldehydes Catalyzed by Proline-Based Carboligases. ACS Catal 2020; 10:2522-2527. [PMID: 32117575 PMCID: PMC7045556 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Aromatic
β-hydroxyaldehydes, 1,3-diols, and α,β-unsaturated
aldehydes are valuable precursors to biologically active natural products
and drug molecules. Herein we report the biocatalytic aldol condensation
of acetaldehyde with various aromatic aldehydes to give a number of
aromatic α,β-unsaturated aldehydes using a previously
engineered variant of 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase [4-OT(M45T/F50A)]
as carboligase. Moreover, an efficient one-pot two-step chemoenzymatic
route toward chiral aromatic 1,3-diols has been developed. This one-pot
chemoenzymatic strategy successfully combined a highly enantioselective
aldol addition step catalyzed by a proline-based carboligase [4-OT(M45T/F50A)
or TAUT015] with a chemical reduction step to convert enzymatically
prepared aromatic β-hydroxyaldehydes into the corresponding
1,3-diols with high optical purity (e.r. up to >99:1) and in good
isolated yield (51–92%). These developed (chemo)enzymatic methodologies
offer alternative synthetic choices to prepare a variety of important
drug precursors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saifuddin
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe Biewenga
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thangavelu Saravanan
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Simon J. Charnock
- Prozomix Ltd., Station Court, Haltwhistle, Northumberland NE49 9HN, U.K
| | - Gerrit J. Poelarends
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Afanasyev OI, Kuchuk E, Usanov DL, Chusov D. Reductive Amination in the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals. Chem Rev 2019; 119:11857-11911. [PMID: 31633341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Reductive amination plays a paramount role in pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry owing to its synthetic merits and the ubiquitous presence of amines among biologically active compounds. It is one of the key approaches to C-N bond construction due to its operational easiness and a wide toolbox of protocols. Recent studies show that at least a quarter of C-N bond-forming reactions in the pharmaceutical industry are performed via reductive amination. This Review concisely compiles information on 71 medical substances that are synthesized by reductive amination. Compounds are grouped according to the principle of action, which includes drugs affecting the central nervous system, drugs affecting the cardiovascular system, anticancer drugs, antibiotics, antiviral and antifungal medicines, drugs affecting the urinary system, drugs affecting the respiratory system, antidiabetic medications, drugs affecting the gastrointestinal tract, and drugs regulating metabolic processes. A general synthetic scheme is provided for each compound, and the description is focused on reductive amination steps. The green chemistry metric of reaction mass efficiency was calculated for all reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg I Afanasyev
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Vavilova St. 28 , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Kuchuk
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Vavilova St. 28 , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry L Usanov
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , 415 Main Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02142 , United States
| | - Denis Chusov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Vavilova St. 28 , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation.,National Research University Higher School of Economics , Miasnitskaya Str. 20 , Moscow 101000 , Russian Federation.,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia , 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street , Moscow 117198 , Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fujihara R, Nakata K. Chiral Inductive Diastereoconvergent Allylation Reactions of Allyltrimethylsilane and Diastereomixtures of Diarylmethanols Catalyzed by FeCl3. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Fujihara
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Shimane University; 1060 Nishikawatsu 690-8504 Matsue, Shimane Japan
| | - Kenya Nakata
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Shimane University; 1060 Nishikawatsu 690-8504 Matsue, Shimane Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Asymmetric synthesis of γ-branched amines via rhodium-catalyzed reductive amination. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1185. [PMID: 29567989 PMCID: PMC5864842 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03535-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Amines bearing γ-stereocenters are highly important structural motifs in many biologically active compounds. However, reported enantioselective syntheses of these molecules are indirect and often require multiple steps. Herein, we report a general asymmetric route for the one-pot synthesis of chiral γ-branched amines through the highly enantioselective isomerization of allylamines, followed by enamine exchange and subsequent chemoselective reduction. This protocol is suitable for establishing various tertiary stereocenters, including those containing dialkyl, diaryl, cyclic, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, and silyl substituents, which allows for a rapid and modular synthesis of many chiral γ-branched amines. To demonstrate the synthetic utility, Terikalant and Tolterodine are synthesized using this method with high levels of enantioselectivity. Biologically active compounds often contain a chiral centre in proximity of amine groups. Here, the authors developed a strategy involving asymmetric isomerization of allylic amines, enamine exchange and chemoselective reduction for the one-pot highly enantioselective synthesis of gamma-branched amines.
Collapse
|
7
|
Overview on the Recent Strategies for the Enantioselective Synthesis of 1, 1-Diarylalkanes, Triarylmethanes and Related Molecules Containing the Diarylmethine Stereocenter. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
8
|
Abstract
Tolterodine tartrate belongs to the family of muscarinic receptor antagonists and is indicated for the treatment of overactive urinary bladder syndrome. This chapter provides an overview of physical, analytical, and ADME profiles; highlights methods of chemical synthesis; and discusses stability of tolterodine as a free base and/or its l-tartrate salt in solution and in the solid state. The information presented in this chapter is based on the peer-reviewed literature, compendial reports (USP, EP), and authors' data. Patent literature is included only in a few instances.
Collapse
|
9
|
Sandford C, Aggarwal VK. Stereospecific functionalizations and transformations of secondary and tertiary boronic esters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:5481-5494. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01254c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This feature article discusses the range of stereospecific transformations available to enantioenriched boronic esters, and their applications in synthesis.
Collapse
|
10
|
Lou Y, Cao P, Jia T, Zhang Y, Wang M, Liao J. Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective 1,6-Boration ofpara-Quinone Methides and Efficient Transformation ofgem-Diarylmethine Boronates to Triarylmethanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
11
|
Lou Y, Cao P, Jia T, Zhang Y, Wang M, Liao J. Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective 1,6-Boration ofpara-Quinone Methides and Efficient Transformation ofgem-Diarylmethine Boronates to Triarylmethanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12134-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
12
|
Leonori D, Aggarwal VK. Lithiation-borylation methodology and its application in synthesis. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:3174-83. [PMID: 25262745 DOI: 10.1021/ar5002473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Developing new methods that enable the synthesis of new and complex molecules with complete control of their 3-D shape is central to the advancement of synthetic chemistry with applications spanning from medicine to materials. Our approach consists of the iterative combination of small building blocks through the use of boron chemistry to essentially "grow" molecules. This approach, which we term assembly-line synthesis (ALS), resembles the way that nature assembles natural products (e.g., the polyketide synthase machinery) and has the advantage that many structural variations can be easily introduced and the products can be evaluated in structural or biological contexts. Chiral boronic esters have been recognized as valuable building blocks due to their unique chemical properties. They are both chemically and configurationally stable, and they can be prepared with very high levels of enantioselectivity. Additionally they undergo a broad array of transformations that lead to the stereocontrolled formation of C-C and C-X (X = heteroatom) bonds. This versatility makes boronic acids ideal building blocks for iterative molecular assembly. A powerful reaction platform for chemical diversification using chiral boronic esters is their homologation using lithium carbenoids via 1,2-metalate rearrangement. In the 1980s, Matteson described the use of boronic esters bearing a chiral diol in a two-step homologation process with dichloromethyl lithium and Grignard reagents (substrate-controlled approach). We have focused on reagent control and have found that Hoppe's chiral lithiated carbamates can be used as carbenoid equivalents in conjunction with achiral boronic esters. This reagent-controlled process offers many advantages due to the easy access of both the chiral lithiated carbamates and stable boronic esters. The carbamates can be derived from primary or secondary alcohols, and a broad range of functionalized boronic esters and boranes can be employed. Multiple homologations can be carried out in a one-pot sequence thereby streamlining the process to a single operation. This methodology has enabled the synthesis of many molecules containing multiple contiguous stereogenic centers with exquisite 3-D control. In this Account, we trace our own studies to establish the lithiation-borylation methodology and describe selected synthetic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Leonori
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Synthesis of hydroxyphthioceranic acid using a traceless lithiation-borylation-protodeboronation strategy. Nat Chem 2014; 6:810-4. [PMID: 25143217 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In planning organic syntheses, disconnections are most often made adjacent to functional groups, which assist in C-C bond formation. For molecules devoid of obvious functional groups this approach presents a problem, and so functionalities must be installed temporarily and then removed. Here we present a traceless strategy for organic synthesis that uses a boronic ester as such a group in a one-pot lithiation-borylation-protodeboronation sequence. To realize this strategy, we developed a methodology for the protodeboronation of alkyl pinacol boronic esters that involves the formation of a boronate complex with a nucleophile followed by oxidation with Mn(OAc)3 in the presence of the hydrogen-atom donor 4-tert-butylcatechol. Iterative lithiation-borylation-protodeboronation allows the coupling of smaller fragments to build-up long alkyl chains. We employed this strategy in the synthesis of hydroxyphthioceranic acid, a key component of the cell-wall lipid of the virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in just 14 steps (longest linear sequence) with full stereocontrol.
Collapse
|
14
|
Sun C, Potter B, Morken JP. A catalytic enantiotopic-group-selective Suzuki reaction for the construction of chiral organoboronates. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:6534-7. [PMID: 24564423 PMCID: PMC4021567 DOI: 10.1021/ja500029w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic enantiotopic-group-selective cross-couplings of achiral geminal bis(pinacolboronates) provide a route for the construction of nonracemic chiral organoboronates. In the presence of a chiral monodentate taddol-derived phosphoramidite ligand, these reactions occur with high levels of asymmetric induction. Mechanistic experiments with chiral (10)B-enriched geminal bis(boronates) suggest that the reaction occurs by a stereochemistry-determining transmetalation that occurs with inversion of configuration at carbon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunrui Sun
- Department
of Chemistry,
Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Bowman Potter
- Department
of Chemistry,
Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - James P. Morken
- Department
of Chemistry,
Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| |
Collapse
|