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Stylianakis I, Zervos N, Lii JH, Pantazis DA, Kolocouris A. Conformational energies of reference organic molecules: benchmarking of common efficient computational methods against coupled cluster theory. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2023; 37:607-656. [PMID: 37597063 PMCID: PMC10618395 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-023-00513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
We selected 145 reference organic molecules that include model fragments used in computer-aided drug design. We calculated 158 conformational energies and barriers using force fields, with wide applicability in commercial and free softwares and extensive application on the calculation of conformational energies of organic molecules, e.g. the UFF and DREIDING force fields, the Allinger's force fields MM3-96, MM3-00, MM4-8, the MM2-91 clones MMX and MM+, the MMFF94 force field, MM4, ab initio Hartree-Fock (HF) theory with different basis sets, the standard density functional theory B3LYP, the second-order post-HF MP2 theory and the Domain-based Local Pair Natural Orbital Coupled Cluster DLPNO-CCSD(T) theory, with the latter used for accurate reference values. The data set of the organic molecules includes hydrocarbons, haloalkanes, conjugated compounds, and oxygen-, nitrogen-, phosphorus- and sulphur-containing compounds. We reviewed in detail the conformational aspects of these model organic molecules providing the current understanding of the steric and electronic factors that determine the stability of low energy conformers and the literature including previous experimental observations and calculated findings. While progress on the computer hardware allows the calculations of thousands of conformations for later use in drug design projects, this study is an update from previous classical studies that used, as reference values, experimental ones using a variety of methods and different environments. The lowest mean error against the DLPNO-CCSD(T) reference was calculated for MP2 (0.35 kcal mol-1), followed by B3LYP (0.69 kcal mol-1) and the HF theories (0.81-1.0 kcal mol-1). As regards the force fields, the lowest errors were observed for the Allinger's force fields MM3-00 (1.28 kcal mol-1), ΜΜ3-96 (1.40 kcal mol-1) and the Halgren's MMFF94 force field (1.30 kcal mol-1) and then for the MM2-91 clones MMX (1.77 kcal mol-1) and MM+ (2.01 kcal mol-1) and MM4 (2.05 kcal mol-1). The DREIDING (3.63 kcal mol-1) and UFF (3.77 kcal mol-1) force fields have the lowest performance. These model organic molecules we used are often present as fragments in drug-like molecules. The values calculated using DLPNO-CCSD(T) make up a valuable data set for further comparisons and for improved force field parameterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Stylianakis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Zervos
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Jenn-Huei Lii
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City, Taiwan
| | - Dimitrios A Pantazis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Antonios Kolocouris
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece.
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece.
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2
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Kjærgaard ER, Møller KH, Kjaergaard HG. Atmospheric Oxidation of Hydroperoxy Amides. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9311-9321. [PMID: 37877667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Recently, hydroperoxy amides were identified as major products of OH-initiated autoxidation of tertiary amines in the atmosphere. The formation mechanism is analogous to that found for ethers and sulfides but substantially faster. However, the atmospheric fate of the hydroperoxy amides remains unknown. Using high-level theoretical methods, we study the most likely OH-initiated oxidation pathways of the hydroperoxy and dihydroperoxy amides derived from trimethylamine autoxidation. Overall, we find that the OH-initiated oxidation of the hydroperoxy amides predominantly leads to the formation of imides under NO-dominated conditions and more highly oxidized hydroperoxy amides under HO2-dominated conditions. Unimolecular reactions are found to be surprisingly slow, likely due to the restricting, planar structure of the amide moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva R Kjærgaard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Kristian H Møller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Henrik G Kjaergaard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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3
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Zimmermann C, Dorst AC, Suhm MA. Raising the benchmark potential of a simple alcohol-ketone intermolecular balance. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 25:384-391. [PMID: 36477454 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05141a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
2-Butanone offers two hydrogen bond docking variants to a solvating methanol which are cleanly separated by supersonic jet infrared absorption spectroscopy in the OH-stretching range, resolving earlier action spectroscopy indeterminacies for this elementary case of an intermolecular alcohol-ketone balance. The solvent preference for the shorter chain side is unambiguously derived from the spectra of homologous compounds. It is analysed in terms of competing steric and dispersion interactions and the resulting energy differences across a low interconversion barrier. Fortuitous cancellations are discussed and quantitative energy deficiencies of the employed DFT approaches are suggested. Some benchmarkable experimental observations: at low temperature, a single methanol molecule prefers the methyl-sided oxygen lone pair of 2-butanone over the ethyl-sided lone pair by 1-2 kJ mol-1, the trans butane backbone is conserved in both low-lying isomers, the OH-stretching fundamentals differ by 47(2) cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Zimmermann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Arved C Dorst
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Martin A Suhm
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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Wang Z, Tong S, Chen M, Jing B, Li W, Guo Y, Ge M, Wang S. Study on ozonolysis of asymmetric alkenes with matrix isolation and FT-IR spectroscopy. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126413. [PMID: 32197171 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
O3 and alkenes are important reactants in the formation of SOA in the atmosphere. The intermediates and reaction mechanism of ozonation of alkene is an important topic in atmospheric chemistry. In this study, the low-temperature matrix isolation was used to capture the intermediates such as Primary ozonides (POZs), Criegee Intermediates (CIs), and Secondary ozonides (SOZs) generated from ozonation of 2-methyl-1-butene (2M1B) and 2-methyl-2-butene (2M2B). The results have been identified by the vacuum infrared spectroscopy and theoretical calculation. Our results show that during the ozonation of asymmetric alkenes, two kinds of CIs and more than two kinds of SOZs were generated due to the different decomposition modes of POZs. The infrared absorption peaks of (CH3)2COO and CH3CH2C(CH3)OO for O-O telescopic vibration was determined to be 889 cm-1 and 913 cm-1, respectively. Using the merged jet method, it was found that a large amount of HCHO was produced during the ozonation of 2M1B, and glyoxal and methylglyoxal were produced in the ozonation of 2M2B. Our findings highlight the importance of asymmetric alkene ozonolysis reactions in producing CIs, further improving the understanding of the generation of CIs from ozonation of alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Shengrui Tong
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China.
| | - Meifang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China; College of Chemistry and Material Science, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China
| | - Bo Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Weiran Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yucong Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Maofa Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, PR China.
| | - Sufan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China
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Ahn YH, Baek S, Min J, Cha M, Lee JW. Temperature- and Pressure-induced Structural Transition of Binary Clathrate Hydrates. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:429-435. [PMID: 30520212 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We discover new structure II (sII) hydrate forming agents of two C4 H8 O molecules (2-methyl-2-propen-1-ol and 2-butanone) and report the abnormal structural transition of binary C4 H8 O+CH4 hydrates between structure I (sI) and sII with varying temperature and pressure conditions. In both (2-methyl-2-propen-1-ol+CH4 ) and (2-butanone+CH4 ) systems, the phase boundary of the two different hydrate phases (sI and sII) exists at the slope change of the phase-equilibrium curve in the semi-logarithmic plots. We confirm the crystal structures of two hydrates synthesized at low (278 K and 6 MPa) and high (286 K and 15 MPa) temperature and pressure conditions by using high-resolution powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. 2-Methyl-2-propen-1-ol and 2-butanone can occupy the large cages of sII hydrate at low temperature and pressure conditions; however, they are excluded from the hydrate phase at high temperature and pressure conditions, resulting in the formation of pure sI CH4 hydrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ho Ahn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21+Program), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjun Baek
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21+Program), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Juwon Min
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21+Program), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjun Cha
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae W Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21+Program), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Guan J, Daljeet R, Song Y. Pressure-selected reactivity between 2-butyne and water induced by two-photon excitation. CAN J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High-pressure photochemistry between 2-butyne (H3CC≡CCH3) and trace amount of H2O was investigated at room temperature using multiline UV radiation at λ ≈ 350 nm and monitored by FTIR spectroscopy. Instead of the expected polymerization of 2-butyne, the IR spectral analysis suggests the formation of cis- and trans-2-butene, as well as 2-butanone, as the primary products. The possible reaction mechanisms and production pathways of these products were examined, where the dissociation of water molecule as the other reactant is believed as the essential step of the photochemical reaction. We further found that initial loading pressure of the mixture can not only substantially influence the reaction kinetics, but also regulate the accessibilities to some reaction channels, which was evidenced by quantitative analysis of the characteristic IR bands of 2-butene and 2-butanone. The relative abundance of two products is found to be highly dependent on pressure and radiation time. This study provides attractive physical routes in the absence of solvents, catalysts, and radical initiators, to synthesis the relevant products with a great selectivity and feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Guan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Roshan Daljeet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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Parker SF, Silverwood IP, Hamilton NG, Lennon D. Structural and spectroscopic characterisation of C4 oxygenates relevant to structure/activity relationships of the hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 153:289-297. [PMID: 26318704 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we have investigated the conformational isomerism and calculated the vibrational spectra of the C4 oxygenates: 3-butyne-2-one, 3-butene-2-one, 2-butanone and 2-butanol using density functional theory. The calculations are validated by comparison to structural data where available and new, experimental inelastic neutron scattering and infrared spectra of the compounds. We find that for 3-butene-2-one and 2-butanol the spectra show clear evidence for the presence of conformational isomerism and this is supported by the calculations. Complete vibrational assignments for all four molecules are provided and this provides the essential information needed to generate structure/activity relationships for the sequential catalytic hydrogenation of 3-butyne-2-one to 2-butanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart F Parker
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - Ian P Silverwood
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Neil G Hamilton
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - David Lennon
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
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Šebek J, Knaanie R, Albee B, Potma EO, Gerber RB. Spectroscopy of the C–H Stretching Vibrational Band in Selected Organic Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:7442-52. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4014674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Šebek
- Institute
of Chemistry and The
Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Roie Knaanie
- Institute
of Chemistry and The
Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Brian Albee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California
92697, United States
| | - Eric O. Potma
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California
92697, United States
| | - R. Benny Gerber
- Institute
of Chemistry and The
Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California
92697, United States
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9
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Pele L, Šebek J, Potma EO, Benny Gerber R. Raman and IR spectra of butane: Anharmonic calculations and interpretation of room temperature spectra. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Evangelisti L, Sedo G, van Wijngaarden J. Rotational Spectrum of 1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-butanone Using Chirped-Pulse Fourier Transform Microwave Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:685-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1089905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Evangelisti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Galen Sedo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
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Shen L, Zhang B, Suits AG. Photoelectron Imaging and (2 + 1) Resonance Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization Spectroscopy Study of 2-Butanone Photoionization Dynamics. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:3114-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jp908491w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Bailin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Arthur G. Suits
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202
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Bell S. Ab initio study of the barriers to methyl torsion and torsional frequencies of acetyl molecules. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2005; 61:1471-1477. [PMID: 15820880 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2004.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2004] [Accepted: 10/29/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of ab initio and hybrid density functional methods and basis sets have been employed to calculate the barriers to methyl internal rotation in a range of molecules with the acetyl moiety. Comparison is made of the computed torsional frequency with the experimental torsional frequency, nu(obs), for each molecule. With the MP2/6-311+G(3df,2p) combination of method and basis set, the agreement is better than 4 cm-1 for most of the molecules, where nu(obs) or the V3 barrier is well-determined experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Bell
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Carnelley Building, University of Dundee, Dundee DD14HN, Scotland, UK.
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Zhong H, Stewart EL, Kontoyianni M, Bowen JP. Ab Initio and DFT Conformational Studies of Propanal, 2-Butanone, and Analogous Imines and Enamines. J Chem Theory Comput 2005; 1:230-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ct049890p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Langley CH, Lii JH, Allinger NL. Molecular mechanics calculations on carbonyl compounds. II. Open-chain ketones. J Comput Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Limberg C, Köppe R. Reactive Intermediates in Olefin Oxidations with Chromyl Chloride. IR-Spectroscopic Proof for O=CrCl(2)-Epoxide Complexes. Inorg Chem 1999; 38:2106-2116. [PMID: 11670993 DOI: 10.1021/ic981131s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
After photolytic induction (411 nm) of the reaction between chromyl chloride and olefins in low-temperature matrixes, for the first time primary products of this system have been isolated and identified: the reaction of propylene yields O=CrCl(2).O=CHCH(2)CH(3) and while in the case of trans- and cis-2-butylene, OCrCl(2).O=C(CH(3))(CH(2)CH(3)) as well as OCrCl(2).(trans-2,3-butylene oxide) and OCrCl(2).(cis-2,3-butylene oxide) are obtained, respectively. Epoxide formation proceeds under complete retention of stereochemistry, and the regioselective reaction route leading to the carbonyl products can be suppressed if all hydrogen atoms at the olefinic bond are substituted: tetramethylethylene is selectively oxidized to tetramethylethylene oxide, which forms a complex with OCrCl(2). All products were characterized by IR spectroscopy, which was further supported by DFT calculations in certain cases. The mechanism leading to the formation of these products, their electronic states, and the implications of the matrix results on the thermal reactions of chromyl chloride are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Limberg
- Universität Karlsruhe, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Engesserstrasse, Geb.-Nr. 30.45, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Kim SK, Guo J, Baskin JS, Zewail AH. Femtosecond Chemically Activated Reactions: Concept of Nonstatistical Activation at High Thermal Energies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp961066c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Kyu Kim
- Arthur Amos Noyes Chemical Physics Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Ju Guo
- Arthur Amos Noyes Chemical Physics Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - J. Spencer Baskin
- Arthur Amos Noyes Chemical Physics Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Ahmed H. Zewail
- Arthur Amos Noyes Chemical Physics Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
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18
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Gas-phase structure and conformation of diethyl ketone studied by molecular orbital constrained electron diffraction. J Mol Struct 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2860(95)09081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Experimental structural and conformational studies of carbonyl molecules in the ground and lower excited states. J STRUCT CHEM+ 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02578062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Durig JR, Groner P, Lin J, van der Veken BJ. Structure of methyl cyanoformate from microwave spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. J Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.462358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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