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Lima GS, Lima MR, Gomes G, Cavalcante D, Guerra RR, da Silva JHV, Cardoso AS, Kaneko IN, Perazzo Costa FG. Superdosing of bacterial phytase (EC 3.1.3.26) in broiler diets with reduced levels of digestible amino acids. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hirvonen J, Liljavirta J, Saarinen MT, Lehtinen MJ, Ahonen I, Nurminen P. Effect of Phytase on in Vitro Hydrolysis of Phytate and the Formation of myo-Inositol Phosphate Esters in Various Feed Materials. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11396-11402. [PMID: 31537068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytase is commonly used as a feed enzyme in monogastric animals to increase the bioavailability of phytate phosphorus and other nutrients. The accumulation of myo-inositol phosphate intermediates during phytate degradation in various segments of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of Buttiauxella spp. phytase in degrading the phytate in corn, soybean meal, and complete corn-soybean meal diet to myo-inositol phosphate esters (IP1-IP5) and completely dephosphorylated myo-inositol rings using an in vitro model of the poultry upper GIT. Our results show that the phytase hydrolyzes phytate efficiently to small IP esters, whereas the myo-inositol level remains constant between control and phytase treatments. Although the in vitro digestion model does not incorporate all factors that govern phytate hydrolysis, it is a valuable tool for evaluating phytase efficacy at various enzyme doses and with different feed ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Hirvonen
- DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, Global Health & Nutrition Science, Danisco Sweeteners Oy , 02460 Kantvik , Finland
| | - Jenni Liljavirta
- DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, Global Health & Nutrition Science, Danisco Sweeteners Oy , 02460 Kantvik , Finland
| | - Markku T Saarinen
- DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, Global Health & Nutrition Science, Danisco Sweeteners Oy , 02460 Kantvik , Finland
| | - Markus J Lehtinen
- DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, Global Health & Nutrition Science, Danisco Sweeteners Oy , 02460 Kantvik , Finland
| | | | - Päivi Nurminen
- DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, Global Health & Nutrition Science, Danisco Sweeteners Oy , 02460 Kantvik , Finland
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Herrmann KR, Ruff AJ, Infanzón B, Schwaneberg U. Engineered phytases for emerging biotechnological applications beyond animal feeding. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6435-6448. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09962-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Mootapally CS, Nathani NM, Patel AK, Jakhesara SJ, Joshi CG. Mining of Ruminant Microbial Phytase (RPHY1) from Metagenomic Data of Mehsani Buffalo Breed: Identification, Gene Cloning, and Characterization. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 26:252-60. [DOI: 10.1159/000445321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytases have been widely used as animal feed supplements to increase the availability of digestible phosphorus, especially in monogastric animals fed cereal grains. The present study describes the identification of a full-length phytase gene of <i>Prevotella</i> species present in Mehsani buffalo rumen. The gene, designated as RPHY1, consists of 1,251 bp and is expressed into protein with 417 amino acids. A homology search of the deduced amino acid sequence of the RPHY1 phytase gene in a nonredundant protein database showed that it shares 92% similarity with the histidine acid phosphatase domain. Subsequently, the RPHY1 gene was expressed using a pET32a expression vector in <i>Escherichia coli </i>BL21 and purified using a His60 Ni-NTA gravity column. The mass of the purified RPHY1 was estimated to be approximately 63 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The optimal RPHY1 enzyme activity was observed at 55°C (pH 5) and exhibited good stability at 5°C and within the acidic pH range. Significant inhibition of RPHY1 activity was observed for Mg<sup>2+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> metal ions, while Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup>, and Na<sup>+</sup> slightly inhibited enzyme activity. The RPHY1 phytase was susceptible to SDS, and it was highly stimulated in the presence of EDTA. Overall, the observed comparatively high enzyme activity levels and characteristics of the RPHY1 gene mined from rumen prove its promising candidature as a feed supplement enzyme in animal farming.
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Zeller E, Schollenberger M, Witzig M, Shastak Y, Kühn I, Hoelzle LE, Rodehutscord M. Interactions between supplemented mineral phosphorus and phytase on phytate hydrolysis and inositol phosphates in the small intestine of broilers
,. Poult Sci 2015; 94:1018-29. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Hydrolysis of phytate and formation of inositol phosphate isomers without or with supplemented phytases in different segments of the digestive tract of broilers. J Nutr Sci 2015; 4:e1. [PMID: 26090091 PMCID: PMC4463934 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2014.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to characterise degradation of myo-inositol
1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis (dihydrogen phosphate) (InsP6) and formation of inositol
phosphate (InsP) isomers in different segments of the broiler digestive tract. Influence
of an Aspergillus niger (PhyA) and two Escherichia
coli-derived (PhyE1 and PhyE2) phytases was also investigated. A total of 600
16-d-old broilers were allocated to forty floor pens (ten pens per treatment). Low-P
(5·2 g/kg DM) maize–soyabean meal-based diets were fed without (basal diet; BD) or with a
phytase added. On day 25, digesta from different digestive tract segments were pooled per
segment on a pen-basis, freeze-dried and analysed for P, InsP isomers and the marker
TiO2. InsP6 degradation until the lower ileum (74 %) in BD-fed
birds showed a high potential of broilers and their gut microbiota to hydrolyse
InsP6 in low-P diets. Different InsP patterns in different gut segments
suggested the involvement of phosphatases of different origin. Supplemented phytases
increased InsP6 hydrolysis in the crop (P < 0·01) but
not in the lower ileum. Measurements in the crop and proventriculus/gizzard confirmed
published in vitro degradation pathways of 3- and 6-phytases for the
first time. In the intestinal segments, specifically formed InsP4–5 isomers of
supplemented phytases were still present, indicating further activity of these enzymes.
Myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate (InsP4) accumulation differed
between PhyE1 and PhyE2 compared with PhyA in the anterior segments of the gut
(P < 0·01). Thus, the hydrolytic cleavage of the first phosphate
group is not the only limiting step in phytate degradation in broilers.
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Key Words
- BD, basal diet
- Broilers
- Inositol phosphate isomers
- InsP, inositol phosphate
- InsP3, myo-inositol trisphosphate
- InsP4, myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate
- InsP5, myo-inositol pentakisphosphate
- InsP6, myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis (dihydrogen phosphate)
- PhyA, Aspergillus-derived phytase Finase® P
- PhyE1, Escherichia coli-derived phytase Quantum®
- PhyE2, E. coli-derived phytase Quantum® Blue
- Phytases
- Phytate hydrolysis
- tP, total P
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Humer E, Schwarz C, Schedle K. Phytate in pig and poultry nutrition. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2014; 99:605-25. [PMID: 25405653 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is primarily stored in the form of phytates in plant seeds, thus being poorly available for monogastric livestock, such as pigs and poultry. As phytate is a polyanionic molecule, it has the capacity to chelate positively charged cations, especially calcium, iron and zinc. Furthermore, it probably compromises the utilization of other dietary nutrients, including protein, starch and lipids. Reduced efficiency of utilization implies both higher levels of supplementation and increased discharge of the undigested nutrients to the environment. The enzyme phytase catalyses the stepwise hydrolysis of phytate. In respect to livestock nutrition, there are four possible sources of this enzyme available for the animals: endogenous mucosal phytase, gut microfloral phytase, plant phytase and exogenous microbial phytase. As the endogenous mucosal phytase in monogastric organisms appears incapable of hydrolysing sufficient amounts of phytate-bound P, supplementation of exogenous microbial phytase in diets is a common method to increase mineral and nutrient absorption. Plant phytase activity varies greatly among species of plants, resulting in differing gastrointestinal phytate hydrolysis in monogastric animals. Besides the supplementation of microbial phytase, processing techniques are alternative approaches to reduce phytate contents. Thus, techniques such as germination, soaking and fermentation enable activation of naturally occurring plant phytase among others. However, further research is needed to tap the potential of these technologies. The main focus herein is to review the available literature on the role of phytate in pig and poultry nutrition, its degradation throughout the gut and opportunities to enhance the utilization of P as well as other minerals and nutrients which might be complexed by phytates.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Humer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Products and Nutrition Physiology, Interuniversity Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Schwarz
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Products and Nutrition Physiology, Interuniversity Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Schedle
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Products and Nutrition Physiology, Interuniversity Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Naves LDP, Rodrigues PB, Bertechini AG, Corrêa AD, de Oliveira DH, de Oliveira EC, Duarte WF, da Cunha MRR. Comparison of methodologies to quantify phytate phosphorus in diets containing phytase and excreta from broilers. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 27:1003-12. [PMID: 25050043 PMCID: PMC4093569 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of a suitable methodology to quantify the phytate phosphorus (Pphy) content in both the feed and the excreta from broilers is required to enable accurate calculation of the catalytic efficiency of the phytase supplemented in the feed. This study was conducted to compare 2 analytical methodologies (colorimetry and also high-performance liquid chromatography with a refractive index detector) in order to calculate the phytase efficiency by utilizing the results from the methodology that was shown to be the most appropriate. One hundred and twenty broilers were distributed in a (4+1)×2 factorial arrangement, corresponding to 4 diets that were equally deficient in P supplemented with increasing levels of phytase (0, 750, 1,500, and 2,250 units of phytase activity – FTU – per kg of feed) plus 1 positive control diet without phytase, supplied to male and female birds. The result indicated that the colorimetric methodology with an extraction ratio of 1:20 (mass of sample in g:volume of the solvent extractor in mL) was shown to be the most adequate. There was no interaction between the phytase level and the sex of the broilers (p>0.05). Males consumed 12% more Pphy than did females (p<0.01), but the sex of the broilers did not affect (p>0.05) the excretion and retention coefficient of Pphy. The increase in the phytase level of the diet reduced (linear, p<0.01) the Pphy excretion. The greatest Pphy retention was estimated at 87.85% when the diet contained 1,950 FTU/kg (p<0.01), indicating that it is possible to reduce the inorganic P in the formulation at an amount equivalent to 87.85% of the Pphy content present in the feed, which, in this research, corresponds to a decrease in 2.86 g of P/kg of the feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L de P Naves
- Chemistry Department, UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - P B Rodrigues
- Chemistry Department, UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - A G Bertechini
- Chemistry Department, UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - A D Corrêa
- Chemistry Department, UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - D H de Oliveira
- Chemistry Department, UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - E C de Oliveira
- Chemistry Department, UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - W F Duarte
- Biology Department, UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - M R R da Cunha
- Chromatography Laboratory, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30510-010, Brazil
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Li R, Zhao J, Sun C, Lu W, Guo C, Xiao K. Biochemical properties, molecular characterizations, functions, and application perspectives of phytases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11703-010-0103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Reddy VA, Venu K, Rao DECS, Rao KV, Reddy VD. Chimeric gene construct coding for bi-functional enzyme endowed with endoglucanase and phytase activities. Arch Microbiol 2008; 191:171-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-008-0437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Puhl AA, Greiner R, Selinger LB. Stereospecificity of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate hydrolysis by a protein tyrosine phosphatase-like inositol polyphosphatase from Megasphaera elsdenii. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 82:95-103. [PMID: 18853154 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1734-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Revised: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inositol polyphosphatases (IPPases), particularly those that can hydrolyze myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (Ins P(6)), are of biotechnological interest for their ability to reduce the metabolically unavailable organic phosphate content of feedstuffs and to produce lower inositol polyphosphates (IPPs) for research and pharmaceutical applications. Here, the gene coding for a new protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-like IPPase was cloned from Megasphaera elsdenii (phyAme), and the biochemical properties of the recombinant protein were determined. The deduced amino acid sequence of PhyAme is similar to known PTP-like IPPases (29-44% identity), and the recombinant enzyme displayed strict specificity for IPP substrates. Optimal IPPase activity was displayed at an ionic strength of 250 mM, a pH of 5.0, and a temperature of 60 degrees C. In order to elucidate its stereospecificity of Ins P(6) dephosphorylation, a combination of high-performance ion-pair chromatography and kinetic studies was conducted. PhyAme displayed a stereospecificity that is unique among enzymes belonging to this class in that it preferentially cleaved Ins P(6) at one of two phosphate positions, 1D-3 or 1D-4. PhyAme followed two distinct and specific routes of hydrolysis, predominantly degrading Ins P(6) to Ins(2)P via: (a) 1D-Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P(5), 1D-Ins(1,2,5,6)P(4), 1D-Ins(1,2,6)P(3), and 1D-Ins(1,2)P(2) (60%) and (b) 1D-Ins(1,2,3,5,6)P(5), 1D-Ins(1,2,3,6)P(4), Ins(1,2,3)P(3), and D/L-Ins(1,2)P(2)(35%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron A Puhl
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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Puhl AA, Greiner R, Selinger LB. Kinetics, substrate specificity, and stereospecificity of two new protein tyrosine phosphatase-like inositol polyphosphatases from Selenomonas lacticifex. Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 86:322-30. [DOI: 10.1139/o08-095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol polyphosphatases (IPPases) play an important role in the metabolism of inositol polyphosphates, a class of molecules involved in signal transduction. Here we characterize 2 new protein tyrosine phosphatase-like IPPases (PhyAsl and PhyBsl) cloned from Selenomonas lacticifex that can hydrolyze myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) in vitro. To determine their preferred substrates and stereospecificity of InsP6 dephosphorylation, a combination of kinetic and high-performance ion pair chromatography studies were conducted. Despite only 33% amino acid sequence identity between them, both enzymes display strict specificity for IPP substrates and cleave InsP6 primarily at the d-3-phosphate position (>90%). Furthermore, both enzymes predominantly degrade InsP6 to Ins(2)P via identical and very specific routes of dephosphorylation (3,4,5,6,1). Despite these similarities, PhylAsl is shown to have a slight kinetic preference for the major inositol pentakisphosphate intermediate in its InsP6 hydrolysis pathway, whereas PhyBsl displays a unique and substantial preference for an inositol tetrakisphosphate intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron A. Puhl
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner Institute, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ralf Greiner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner Institute, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L. Brent Selinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner Institute, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Bacillus Phytases: Present Scenario and Future Perspectives. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 151:1-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Jorquera M, Martínez O, Maruyama F, Marschner P, de la Luz Mora M. Current and Future Biotechnological Applications of Bacterial Phytases and Phytase-Producing Bacteria. Microbes Environ 2008; 23:182-91. [DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.23.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Milko Jorquera
- Centro de Ciencias y Biotecnología de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera
| | - Oscar Martínez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera
| | - Fumito Maruyama
- Institute of Medical Science, Internacional Research Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Tokyo
| | - Petra Marschner
- Soil and Land Systems, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide
| | - Maria de la Luz Mora
- Centro de Ciencias y Biotecnología de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera
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Puhl AA, Greiner R, Selinger LB. A protein tyrosine phosphatase-like inositol polyphosphatase from Selenomonas ruminantium subsp. lactilytica has specificity for the 5-phosphate of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 40:2053-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2007] [Revised: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 02/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Greiner R, Lim BL, Cheng C, Carlsson NG. Pathway of phytate dephosphorylation by beta-propeller phytases of different origins. Can J Microbiol 2007; 53:488-95. [PMID: 17612603 DOI: 10.1139/w07-015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Using a combination of high-performance ion chromatography analysis and kinetic studies, the pathway of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate dephosphorylation by the beta-propeller phytase of Shewanella oneidensis was established, which was then compared with that of Bacillus subtilis 168, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ATCC 15841, and B. amyloliquefaciens 45 beta-propeller phytases. The data demonstrate that all of these beta-propeller phytases dephosphorylate myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in a stereospecific way by sequential removal of phosphate groups via d-Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5, Ins(2,4,5,6)P4 to finally Ins(2,4,6)P3. Thus, the beta-propeller phytases prefer the hydrolysis of every second phosphate over that of adjacent ones. This finding does not support previous phytate degradation models proposed by J. Kerovuo, J. Rouvinen, and F. Hatzack (2000. Biochem. J. 352: 623-628) and R. Greiner, A. Farouk, M. Larsson Alminger, and N.G. Carlsson (2002. Can. J. Microbiol. 48: 986-994), but seems to fit with the structural model given by S. Shin, N.C. Ha, B.C. Oh, T.K. Oh, and B.H. Oh (2001. Structure, 9: 851-858).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Greiner
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Puhl AA, Gruninger RJ, Greiner R, Janzen TW, Mosimann SC, Selinger LB. Kinetic and structural analysis of a bacterial protein tyrosine phosphatase-like myo-inositol polyphosphatase. Protein Sci 2007; 16:1368-78. [PMID: 17567745 PMCID: PMC2206706 DOI: 10.1110/ps.062738307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PhyA from Selenomonas ruminantium (PhyAsr), is a bacterial protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-like inositol polyphosphate phosphatase (IPPase) that is distantly related to known PTPs. PhyAsr has a second substrate binding site referred to as a standby site and the P-loop (HCX5R) has been observed in both open (inactive) and closed (active) conformations. Site-directed mutagenesis and kinetic and structural studies indicate PhyAsr follows a classical PTP mechanism of hydrolysis and has a broad specificity toward polyphosphorylated myo-inositol substrates, including phosphoinositides. Kinetic and molecular docking experiments demonstrate PhyAsr preferentially cleaves the 3-phosphate position of Ins P6 and will produce Ins(2)P via a highly ordered series of sequential dephosphorylations: D-Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5, Ins(2,4,5,6)P4, D-Ins(2,4,5)P3, and D-Ins(2,4)P2. The data support a distributive enzyme mechanism and suggest the PhyAsr standby site is involved in the recruitment of substrate. Structural studies at physiological pH and high salt concentrations demonstrate the "closed" or active P-loop conformation can be induced in the absence of substrate. These results suggest PhyAsr should be reclassified as a D-3 myo-inositol hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolase and suggest the PhyAsr reaction mechanism is more similar to that of PTPs than previously suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron A Puhl
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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Greiner R, Farouk AE. Purification and Characterization of a Bacterial Phytase Whose Properties Make it Exceptionally Useful as a Feed Supplement. Protein J 2007; 26:467-74. [PMID: 17510780 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-007-9086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A periplasmatic phytase from a bacterium isolated from Malaysian waste water was purified about 173-fold to apparent homogeneity with a recovery of 10% referred to the phytase activity in the crude extract. It behaved as a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of about 42 kDa. The purified enzyme exhibited a single pH optimum at 4.5. Optimum temperature for the degradation of phytate was 65 degrees C. The kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of sodium phytate were determined to be KM=0.15 mmol/l and kcat=1164 s(-1) at pH 4.5 and 37 degrees C. The purified enzyme was shown to be highly specific. Among the phosphorylated compounds tested, phytate was the only one which was significantly hydrolysed. Some properties such as considerable activity below pH 3.0, thermal stability and resistance to pepsin make the enzyme attractive for an application as a feed supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Greiner
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary F Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
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Kaur P, Lingner A, Singh B, Böer E, Polajeva J, Steinborn G, Bode R, Gellissen G, Satyanarayana T, Kunze G. APHO1 from the yeast Arxula adeninivorans encodes an acid phosphatase of broad substrate specificity. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2006; 91:45-55. [PMID: 17016743 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-006-9094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2006] [Accepted: 05/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular acid phosphatase-encoding Arxula adeninivorans APHO1 gene was isolated using degenerated specific oligonucleotide primers in a PCR screening approach. The gene harbours an ORF of 1449 bp encoding a protein of 483 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 52.4 kDa. The sequence includes an N-terminal secretion sequence of 17 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence exhibits 54% identity to phytases from Aspergillus awamori, Asp. niger and Asp. ficuum and a more distant relationship to phytases of the yeasts Candida albicans and Debaryomyces hansenii (36-39% identity). The sequence contains the phosphohistidine signature and the conserved active site sequence of acid phosphatases. APHO1 expression is induced under conditions of phosphate limitation. Enzyme isolates from wild and recombinant strains with the APHO1 gene expressed under control of the strong A. adeninivorans-derived TEF1 promoter were characterized. For both proteins, a molecular mass of approx. 350 kDa, corresponding to a hexameric structure, a pH optimum of pH 4.8 and a temperature optimum of 60 degrees C were determined. The preferred substrates include p-nitrophenyl-phosphate, pyridoxal-5-phosphate, 3-indoxyl-phosphate, 1-naphthylphosphate, ADP, glucose-6-phosphate, sodium-pyrophosphate, and phytic acid. Thus the enzyme is a secretory acid phosphatase with phytase activity and not a phytase as suggested by strong homology to such enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvinder Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110 021, India
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Greiner R, Carlsson NG. myo-Inositol phosphate isomers generated by the action of a phytate-degrading enzyme from Klebsiella terrigena on phytate. Can J Microbiol 2006; 52:759-68. [PMID: 16917535 DOI: 10.1139/w06-028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For the first time a dual pathway for dephosphorylation of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate by a histidine acid phytase was established. The phytate-degrading enzyme of Klebsiella terrigena degrades myo-inositol hexakisphosphate by stepwise dephosphorylation, preferably via D-Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5, D-Ins(1,2,5,6)P4, D-Ins(1,2,6)P3, D-Ins(1,2)P2 and alternatively via D-Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5, Ins(2,4,5,6)P4, D-Ins(2,4,5)P3, D-Ins(2,4)P2 to finally Ins(2)P. It was estimated that more than 98% of phytate hydrolysis occurs via D-Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5. Therefore, the phytate-degrading enzyme from K. terrigena has to be considered a 3-phytase (EC 3.1.3.8). A second dual pathway of minor importance could be proposed that is in accordance with the results obtained by analysis of the dephosphorylation products formed by the action of the phytate-degrading enzyme of K. terrigena on myo-inositol hexakisphosphate. It proceeds preferably via D-Ins(1,2,3,5,6)P5, D-Ins(1,2,3,6)P4, Ins(1,2,3)P3, D-Ins(2,3)P2 and alternatively via D-Ins(1,2,3,5,6)P5, D-Ins(2,3,5,6)P4, D-Ins(2,3,5)P3, D-Ins(2,3)P2 to finally Ins(2)P. D-Ins(2,3,5,6)P4, D-Ins(2,3,5)P3, and D-Ins(2,4)P2 were reported for the first time as intermediates of enzymatic phytate dephosphorylation. A role of the phytate-degrading enzyme from K. terrigena in phytate breakdown could not be ruled out. Because of its cytoplasmatic localization and the suggestions for substrate recognition, D-Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 might be the natural substrate of this enzyme and, therefore, may play a role in microbial pathogenesis or cellular myo-inositol phosphate metabolism.Key words: myo-inositol phosphate isomers, phytate-degrading enzyme, phytate, phytase, Klebsiella terrigena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Greiner
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Oh BC, Kim MH, Yun BS, Choi WC, Park SC, Bae SC, Oh TK. Ca2+-Inositol Phosphate Chelation Mediates the Substrate Specificity of β-Propeller Phytase. Biochemistry 2006; 45:9531-9. [PMID: 16878987 DOI: 10.1021/bi0603118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inositol phosphates are recognized as having diverse and critical roles in biological systems. In this report, kinetic studies and TLC analysis indicate that beta-propeller phytase is a special class of inositol phosphatase that preferentially recognizes a bidentate (P-Ca(2+)-P) formed between Ca(2+) and two adjacent phosphate groups of its natural substrate phytate (InsP(6)). The specific recognition of a bidentate chelation enables the enzyme to sequentially hydrolyze one of the phosphate groups in a bidentate of Ca(2+)-InsP(6) to yield a myo-inositol trisphosphate (InsP(3)) and three phosphates as the final products. A comparative analysis of (1)H- and (13)C NMR spectroscopy with the aid of 2D NMR confirms that the chemical structure of the final product is myo-Ins(2,4,6)P(3). The catalytic properties of the enzyme suggest a potential model for how the enzyme specifically recognizes its substrate Ca(2+)-InsP(6) and produces myo-Ins(2,4,6)P(3) from Ca(2+)-InsP(6). These findings potentially provide evidence for a selective Ca(2+)-InsPs chelation between Ca(2+) and two adjacent phosphate groups of inositol phosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Chul Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, South Korea.
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