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Gamalero E, Lingua G, Glick BR. Ethylene, ACC, and the Plant Growth-Promoting Enzyme ACC Deaminase. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1043. [PMID: 37626930 PMCID: PMC10452086 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Here, a brief summary of the biosynthesis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) and ethylene in plants, as well as overviews of how ACC and ethylene act as signaling molecules in plants, is presented. Next, how the bacterial enzyme ACC deaminase cleaves plant-produced ACC and thereby decreases or prevents the ethylene or ACC modulation of plant gene expression is considered. A detailed model of ACC deaminase functioning, including the role of indoleacetic acid (IAA), is presented. Given that ACC is a signaling molecule under some circumstances, this suggests that ACC, which appears to have evolved prior to ethylene, may have been a major signaling molecule in primitive plants prior to the evolution of ethylene and ethylene signaling. Due to their involvement in stimulating ethylene production, the role of D-amino acids in plants is then considered. The enzyme D-cysteine desulfhydrase, which is structurally very similar to ACC deaminase, is briefly discussed and the possibility that ACC deaminase arose as a variant of D-cysteine desulfhydrase is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Gamalero
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy;
| | - Guido Lingua
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy;
| | - Bernard R. Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
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Costa-Gutierrez SB, Adler C, Espinosa-Urgel M, de Cristóbal RE. Pseudomonas putida and its close relatives: mixing and mastering the perfect tune for plants. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3351-3367. [PMID: 35488932 PMCID: PMC9151500 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11881-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a group of microorganisms of utmost interest in agricultural biotechnology for their stimulatory and protective effects on plants. Among the various PGPR species, some Pseudomonas putida strains combine outstanding traits such as phytohormone synthesis, nutrient solubilization, adaptation to different stress conditions, and excellent root colonization ability. In this review, we summarize the state of the art and the most relevant findings related to P. putida and its close relatives as PGPR, and we have compiled a detailed list of P. putida sensu stricto, sensu lato, and close relative strains that have been studied for their plant growth–promoting characteristics. However, the mere in vitro analysis of these characteristics does not guarantee correct plant performance under in vivo or field conditions. Therefore, the importance of studying adhesion and survival in the rhizosphere, as well as responses to environmental factors, is emphasized. Although numerous strains of this species have shown good performance in field trials, their use in commercial products is still very limited. Thus, we also analyze the opportunities and challenges related to the formulation and application of bioproducts based on these bacteria. Key points •The mini-review updates the knowledge on Pseudomonas putida as a PGPR. • Some rhizosphere strains are able to improve plant growth under stress conditions. • The metabolic versatility of this species encourages the development of a bioproduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Bernardette Costa-Gutierrez
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano Y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Conrado Adler
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) E Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, 461, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Chacabuco, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Manuel Espinosa-Urgel
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Ricardo Ezequiel de Cristóbal
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) E Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, 461, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Chacabuco, Tucumán, Argentina.
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Pseudomonas 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) Deaminase and Its Role in Beneficial Plant-Microbe Interactions. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122467. [PMID: 34946069 PMCID: PMC8707671 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of the enzyme 1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, and the consequent modulation of plant ACC and ethylene concentrations, is one of the most important features of plant-associated bacteria. By decreasing plant ACC and ethylene concentrations, ACC deaminase-producing bacteria can overcome some of the deleterious effects of inhibitory levels of ACC and ethylene in various aspects of plant-microbe interactions, as well as plant growth and development (especially under stressful conditions). As a result, the acdS gene, encoding ACC deaminase, is often prevalent and positively selected in the microbiome of plants. Several members of the genus Pseudomonas are widely prevalent in the microbiome of plants worldwide. Due to its adaptation to a plant-associated lifestyle many Pseudomonas strains are of great interest for the development of novel sustainable agricultural and biotechnological solutions, especially those presenting ACC deaminase activity. This manuscript discusses several aspects of ACC deaminase and its role in the increased plant growth promotion, plant protection against abiotic and biotic stress and promotion of the rhizobial nodulation process by Pseudomonas. Knowledge regarding the properties and actions of ACC deaminase-producing Pseudomonas is key for a better understanding of plant-microbe interactions and the selection of highly effective strains for various applications in agriculture and biotechnology.
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Zhou JW, Jia AQ, Tan XJ, Chen H, Sun B, Huang TZ, He Y, Li PL, Liu EQ. 1-(4-Amino-2-Hydroxyphenyl)Ethenone Suppresses Agrobacterium tumefaciens Virulence and Metabolism. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:584767. [PMID: 33281779 PMCID: PMC7688917 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.584767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of 1-(4-amino-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone (AHPE) from the metabolites of endophytic fungus Phomopsis liquidambari on quorum sensing (QS) of Agrobacterium tumefaciens was evaluated for the first time in this study. Exposure to AHPE at concentrations ranging from 12.5 to 50 μg/mL, the β-galactosidase activity, acyl-homoserine lactone level, swimming motility, chemotaxis, and flagella formation were significantly inhibited. qRT-PCR quantification combined with the docking analysis demonstrated that AHPE affected the QS system of A. tumefaciens by repressing the transcriptional levels of traI and traR rather than signal mimicry. 1H NMR-based metabolic analysis indicated that the metabolism of A. tumefaciens was notably disturbed with AHPE treatment. AHPE treatment also resulted in the enhanced oxidative stress in A. tumefaciens. The enhanced oxidative stress lead to the disorder of energy supply, protein synthesis, and nucleotide metabolism, and ultimately attenuated the pathogenicity of A. tumefaciens. Our study indicated that AHPE can serve as a potential pesticide to defend against A. tumefaciens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wei Zhou
- School of Food and Biology Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ai-Qun Jia
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Tan
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China
| | - Bing Sun
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian-Zi Huang
- School of Food and Biology Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yu He
- School of Food and Biology Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Pei-Li Li
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - En-Qi Liu
- School of Food and Biology Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China
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Lastochkina O, Aliniaeifard S, Seifikalhor M, Yuldashev R, Pusenkova L, Garipova S. Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria: Biotic Strategy to Cope with Abiotic Stresses in Wheat. WHEAT PRODUCTION IN CHANGING ENVIRONMENTS 2019:579-614. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6883-7_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
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Tavares MJ, Nascimento FX, Glick BR, Rossi MJ. The expression of an exogenous ACC deaminase by the endophyte Serratia grimesii BXF1 promotes the early nodulation and growth of common bean. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 66:252-259. [PMID: 29327464 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ethylene acts as an inhibitor of the nodulation process of leguminous plants. However, some bacteria can decrease deleterious ethylene levels by the action of the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase which degrades ACC, the ethylene precursor in all higher plants. Co-inoculation of rhizobia with endophytes enhances the rhizobial symbiotic efficiency with legumes, improving both nodulation and nitrogen fixation. However, not much is understood about the mechanisms employed by these endophytic bacteria. In this regard, the role of ACC deaminase from endophytic strains in assisting rhizobia in this process has yet to be confirmed. In this study, the role of ACC deaminase in an endophyte's ability to increase Rhizobium tropici nodulation of common bean was evaluated. To assess the effect of ACC deaminase in an endophyte's ability to promote rhizobial nodulation, the endophyte Serratia grimesii BXF1, which does not encode ACC deaminase, was transformed with an exogenous acdS gene. The results obtained indicate that the ACC deaminase-overexpressing transformant strain increased common bean growth, and enhanced the nodulation abilities of R. tropici CIAT899, in both cases compared to the wild-type non-transformed strain. Furthermore, plant inoculation with the ACC deaminase-overproducing strain led to an increased level of plant protection against a seed-borne pathogen. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In this work, we studied the effect of ACC deaminase production by the bacterial endophyte Serratia grimesi BXF1, and its impact on the nodulation process of common bean. The results obtained indicate that ACC deaminase is an asset to the synergetic interaction between rhizobia and the endophyte, positively contributing to the overall legume-rhizobia symbiosis by regulating inhibitory ethylene levels that might otherwise inhibit nodulation and overall plant growth. The use of rhizobia together with an ACC deaminase-producing endophyte is, therefore, an important strategy for the development of new bacterial inoculants with increased performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Tavares
- Departamento de Microbiologia, MIP-CCB, Laboratório de Bioprocessos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - F X Nascimento
- Departamento de Microbiologia, MIP-CCB, Laboratório de Bioprocessos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - B R Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - M J Rossi
- Departamento de Microbiologia, MIP-CCB, Laboratório de Bioprocessos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Abstract
Phytoremediation is a promising technology that uses plants and their associated microbes to clean up contaminants from the environment. In recent years, phytoremediation assisted by plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) has been highly touted for cleaning up toxic metals from soil. PGPB include rhizospheric bacteria, endophytic bacteria and the bacteria that facilitate phytoremediation by other means. This review provides information about the traits and mechanisms possessed by PGPB that improve plant metal tolerance and growth, and illustrate mechanisms responsible for plant metal accumulation/translocation in plants. Several recent examples of phytoremediation of metals facilitated by PGPB are reviewed. Although many encouraging results have been reported in the past years, there have also been numerous challenges encountered in phytoremediation in the field. To implement PGPB-assisted phytoremediation of metals in the natural environment, there is also a need to critically assess the ecological effects of PGPB, especially for those nonnative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Kong
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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Etesami H, Alikhani HA, Mirseyed Hosseini H. Indole-3-Acetic Acid and 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Deaminase: Bacterial Traits Required in Rhizosphere, Rhizoplane and/or Endophytic Competence by Beneficial Bacteria. BACTERIAL METABOLITES IN SUSTAINABLE AGROECOSYSTEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24654-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Duan J, Reimer L, Heikkila JJ, Glick BR. Differential expression of the seven rRNA operon promoters from the plant growth-promoting bacterium Pseudomonas sp. UW4. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2014; 361:181-9. [PMID: 25328016 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria often have multiple copies of ribosomal RNA (rrn) genes in their genomes. The presence of multiple rrn operons suggests an advantage to the organism, perhaps through adjustable control of protein expression in response to altered environmental conditions. In the work described here, the strengths of the seven rRNA promoters of Pseudomonas sp. UW4 were individually assessed by separately cloning each promoter region into an expression vector and monitoring the activity of the reporter protein, the Escherichia coli lacZ gene product. The lacZ expression was the highest for the rrnE promoter under all growth conditions, with the various promoters demonstrating a range of strengths. These findings indicate that these promoters are not functionally identical. This observation suggests that the differential expression of rrn operons under various physiological conditions and growth stages allows better regulation of rRNA, conferring an advantage to P. sp. UW4 through a more fine-tuned control of protein expression in a wide range of environmental situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Duan
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Yim WJ, Kim KY, Lee YW, Sundaram SP, Lee Y, Sa TM. Real time expression of ACC oxidase and PR-protein genes mediated by Methylobacterium spp. in tomato plants challenged with Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:1064-75. [PMID: 24974333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Biotic stress like pathogenic infection increases ethylene biosynthesis in plants and ethylene inhibitors are known to alleviate the severity of plant disease incidence. This study aimed to reduce the bacterial spot disease incidence in tomato plants caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (XCV) by modulating stress ethylene with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity of Methylobacterium strains. Under greenhouse condition, Methylobacterium strains inoculated and pathogen challenged tomato plants had low ethylene emission compared to pathogen infected ones. ACC accumulation and ACC oxidase (ACO) activity with ACO related gene expression increased in XCV infected tomato plants over Methylobacterium strains inoculated plants. Among the Methylobacterium spp., CBMB12 resulted lowest ACO related gene expression (1.46 Normalized Fold Expression), whereas CBMB20 had high gene expression (3.42 Normalized Fold Expression) in pathogen challenged tomato. But a significant increase in ACO gene expression (7.09 Normalized Fold Expression) was observed in the bacterial pathogen infected plants. In contrast, Methylobacterium strains enhanced β-1,3-glucanase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme activities in pathogen challenged tomato plants. The respective increase in β-1,3-glucanase related gene expressions due to CBMB12, CBMB15, and CBMB20 strains were 66.3, 25.5 and 10.4% higher over pathogen infected plants. Similarly, PAL gene expression was high with 0.67 and 0.30 Normalized Fold Expression, in pathogen challenged tomato plants inoculated with CBMB12 and CBMB15 strains. The results suggest that ethylene is a crucial factor in bacterial spot disease incidence and that methylobacteria with ACC deaminase activity can reduce the disease severity with ultimate pathogenesis-related protein increase in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Yim
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
| | - K Y Kim
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
| | - Y W Lee
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
| | - S P Sundaram
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
| | - Y Lee
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
| | - T M Sa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea.
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The Evolution of Ethylene Signaling in Plant Chemical Ecology. J Chem Ecol 2014; 40:700-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-014-0474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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New insights into 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase phylogeny, evolution and ecological significance. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99168. [PMID: 24905353 PMCID: PMC4048297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this work is the study of the phylogeny, evolution and ecological importance of the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, the activity of which represents one of the most important and studied mechanisms used by plant growth–promoting microorganisms. The ACC deaminase gene and its regulatory elements presence in completely sequenced organisms was verified by multiple searches in diverse databases, and based on the data obtained a comprehensive analysis was conducted. Strain habitat, origin and ACC deaminase activity were taken into account when analyzing the results. In order to unveil ACC deaminase origin, evolution and relationships with other closely related pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) dependent enzymes a phylogenetic analysis was also performed. The data obtained show that ACC deaminase is mostly prevalent in some Bacteria, Fungi and members of Stramenopiles. Contrary to previous reports, we show that ACC deaminase genes are predominantly vertically inherited in various bacterial and fungal classes. Still, results suggest a considerable degree of horizontal gene transfer events, including interkingdom transfer events. A model for ACC deaminase origin and evolution is also proposed. This study also confirms the previous reports suggesting that the Lrp-like regulatory protein AcdR is a common mechanism regulating ACC deaminase expression in Proteobacteria, however, we also show that other regulatory mechanisms may be present in some Proteobacteria and other bacterial phyla. In this study we provide a more complete view of the role for ACC deaminase than was previously available. The results show that ACC deaminase may not only be related to plant growth promotion abilities, but may also play multiple roles in microorganism's developmental processes. Hence, exploring the origin and functioning of this enzyme may be the key in a variety of important agricultural and biotechnological applications.
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Mandal PK, Dhara D, Misra AK. Convergent synthesis of a tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-specific polysaccharide from the cell wall lipopolysaccharide of Azospirillum brasilense strain Sp7. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:293-9. [PMID: 24605150 PMCID: PMC3943683 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A straightforward convergent synthesis has been carried out for the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-specific cell wall lipopolysaccharide of the strain Sp7 of Azospirillum brasilense. The target tetrasaccharide has been synthesized from suitably protected monosaccharide intermediates in 42% overall yield in seven steps by using a [2 + 2] block glycosylation approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pintu Kumar Mandal
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Debashis Dhara
- Bose Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, P-1/12, C.I.T. Scheme VII-M, Kolkata-700054, India
| | - Anup Kumar Misra
- Bose Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, P-1/12, C.I.T. Scheme VII-M, Kolkata-700054, India
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Niranjana SR, Hariprasad P. Understanding the Mechanism Involved in PGPR-Mediated Growth Promotion and Suppression of Biotic and Abiotic Stress in Plants. Fungal Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1188-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Glick BR. Bacteria with ACC deaminase can promote plant growth and help to feed the world. Microbiol Res 2013; 169:30-9. [PMID: 24095256 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 741] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To feed all of the world's people, it is necessary to sustainably increase agricultural productivity. One way to do this is through the increased use of plant growth-promoting bacteria; recently, scientists have developed a more profound understanding of the mechanisms employed by these bacteria to facilitate plant growth. Here, it is argued that the ability of plant growth-promoting bacteria that produce 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase to lower plant ethylene levels, often a result of various stresses, is a key component in the efficacious functioning of these bacteria. The optimal functioning of these bacteria includes the synergistic interaction between ACC deaminase and both plant and bacterial auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). These bacteria not only directly promote plant growth, they also protect plants against flooding, drought, salt, flower wilting, metals, organic contaminants, and both bacterial and fungal pathogens. While a considerable amount of both basic and applied work remains to be done before ACC deaminase-producing plant growth-promoting bacteria become a mainstay of plant agriculture, the evidence indicates that with the expected shift from chemicals to soil bacteria, the world is on the verge of a major paradigm shift in plant agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard R Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1.
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16
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Yim W, Seshadri S, Kim K, Lee G, Sa T. Ethylene emission and PR protein synthesis in ACC deaminase producing Methylobacterium spp. inoculated tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) challenged with Ralstonia solanacearum under greenhouse conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 67:95-104. [PMID: 23558008 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria of genus Methylobacterium have been found to promote plant growth and regulate the level of ethylene in crop plants. This work is aimed to test the induction of defense responses in tomato against bacterial wilt by stress ethylene level reduction mediated by the ACC deaminase activity of Methylobacterium strains. Under greenhouse conditions, the disease index value in Methylobacterium sp. inoculated tomato plants was lower than control plants. Plants treated with Methylobacterium sp. challenge inoculated with Ralstonia solanacearum (RS) showed significantly reduced disease symptoms and lowered ethylene emission under greenhouse condition. The ACC and ACO (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase) accumulation in tomato leaves were significantly reduced with Methylobacterium strains inoculation. While ACC oxidase gene expression was found higher in plants treated with R. solanacearum than Methylobacterium sp. treatment, PR proteins related to induced systemic resistance like β-1,3-glucanase, PAL, PO and PPO were increased in Methylobacterium sp. inoculated plants. A significant increase in β-1,3-glucanase and PAL gene expression was found in all the Methylobacterium spp. treatments compared to the R. solanacearum treatment. This study confirms the activity of Methylobacterium sp. in increasing the defense enzymes by modulating the ethylene biosynthesis pathway and suggests the use of methylotrophic bacteria as potential biocontrol agents in tomato cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojong Yim
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
| | - Sundaram Seshadri
- Shri AMM Murugappa Chettiar Research Centre (MCRC), Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
| | - Kiyoon Kim
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
| | - Gillseung Lee
- National Research Foundational of Korea, Daejeon 305-754, South Korea
| | - Tongmin Sa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea.
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Li J, McConkey BJ, Cheng Z, Guo S, Glick BR. Identification of plant growth-promoting bacteria-responsive proteins in cucumber roots under hypoxic stress using a proteomic approach. J Proteomics 2013; 84:119-31. [PMID: 23568019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can both facilitate plant growth and improve plant resistance to a variety of environmental stresses. In order to investigate the mechanisms that PGPB use to protect plants under hypoxic conditions, the protein profiles of stressed and non-stressed cucumber roots, either treated or not treated with PGPB, were examined. Two dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis (DIGE) was used to detect significantly up- or down-regulated proteins (p<0.05, |ratio|>1.5) in cucumber roots in response to hypoxia. There were 1980, 1893 and 1735 protein spots detected from cucumber roots in the absence of stress in the presence of the PGPB Pseudomonas putida UW4, following hypoxic stress, and following hypoxic stress in the presence of P. putida UW4, respectively. The numbers of significantly changed protein spots were 0, 106, and 147 in these three treatments respectively. Proteins were identified by LTQ-MS/MS and categorized into classes corresponding to transcription, protein synthesis, signal transduction, carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism, defense stress, antioxidant, binding and others. The functions of the proteins whose expression changed significantly were analyzed in detail, contributing to a more thorough understanding of how PGPB mediate the stress response in plants. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE To our knowledge, only a limited number of papers have addressed cucumber proteomics, this study is the first report to describe the effect of plant growth-promoting bacteria (P. putida UW4) on cucumber plants under hypoxic stress using a proteomic approach. Thus, this work provides new insights to understand the cross-reactivity between P. putida UW4 and cucumber plant. A model of cucumber roots in response to P. putida UW4 and hypoxia was proposed: P. putida UW4 and hypoxic stress caused changes of gene expression in cucumber roots, then transcription was stimulated, the proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, defense stress, antioxidant, binding and others were induced, these proteins might work cooperatively to release hypoxic stress and promote cucumber growth. These results describe a dynamic protein network to explain the promotion mechanism of P. putida UW4, and also provide a solid basis for further functional research of single nodes of this network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Duan J, Jiang W, Cheng Z, Heikkila JJ, Glick BR. The complete genome sequence of the plant growth-promoting bacterium Pseudomonas sp. UW4. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58640. [PMID: 23516524 PMCID: PMC3596284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant growth-promoting bacterium (PGPB) Pseudomonas sp. UW4, previously isolated from the rhizosphere of common reeds growing on the campus of the University of Waterloo, promotes plant growth in the presence of different environmental stresses, such as flooding, high concentrations of salt, cold, heavy metals, drought and phytopathogens. In this work, the genome sequence of UW4 was obtained by pyrosequencing and the gaps between the contigs were closed by directed PCR. The P. sp. UW4 genome contains a single circular chromosome that is 6,183,388 bp with a 60.05% G+C content. The bacterial genome contains 5,423 predicted protein-coding sequences that occupy 87.2% of the genome. Nineteen genomic islands (GIs) were predicted and thirty one complete putative insertion sequences were identified. Genes potentially involved in plant growth promotion such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis, trehalose production, siderophore production, acetoin synthesis, and phosphate solubilization were determined. Moreover, genes that contribute to the environmental fitness of UW4 were also observed including genes responsible for heavy metal resistance such as nickel, copper, cadmium, zinc, molybdate, cobalt, arsenate, and chromate. Whole-genome comparison with other completely sequenced Pseudomonas strains and phylogeny of four concatenated “housekeeping” genes (16S rRNA, gyrB, rpoB and rpoD) of 128 Pseudomonas strains revealed that UW4 belongs to the fluorescens group, jessenii subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Duan
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
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Nascimento F, Brígido C, Glick B, Oliveira S, Alho L. Mesorhizobium ciceri LMS-1 expressing an exogenous 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase increases its nodulation abilities and chickpea plant resistance to soil constraints. Lett Appl Microbiol 2012; 55:15-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2012.03251.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Glick BR. Plant growth-promoting bacteria: mechanisms and applications. SCIENTIFICA 2012; 2012:963401. [PMID: 24278762 PMCID: PMC3820493 DOI: 10.6064/2012/963401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 861] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide increases in both environmental damage and human population pressure have the unfortunate consequence that global food production may soon become insufficient to feed all of the world's people. It is therefore essential that agricultural productivity be significantly increased within the next few decades. To this end, agricultural practice is moving toward a more sustainable and environmentally friendly approach. This includes both the increasing use of transgenic plants and plant growth-promoting bacteria as a part of mainstream agricultural practice. Here, a number of the mechanisms utilized by plant growth-promoting bacteria are discussed and considered. It is envisioned that in the not too distant future, plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) will begin to replace the use of chemicals in agriculture, horticulture, silviculture, and environmental cleanup strategies. While there may not be one simple strategy that can effectively promote the growth of all plants under all conditions, some of the strategies that are discussed already show great promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard R. Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue South, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
- *Bernard R. Glick:
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Hao Y, Charles TC, Glick BR. ACC deaminase activity in avirulentAgrobacterium tumefaciensD3. Can J Microbiol 2011; 57:278-86. [PMID: 21491979 DOI: 10.1139/w11-006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Some plant-growth-promoting bacteria encode the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase, which breaks down ACC, the direct precursor of ethylene biosynthesis in all higher plants, into ammonia and α-ketobutyrate and, as a result, reduces stress ethylene levels in plants caused by a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. It was previously shown that ACC deaminase can inhibit crown gall development induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and can partially protect plants from this disease. Agrobacterium tumefaciens D3 has been previously reported to contain a putative ACC deaminase structural gene (acdS) and a regulatory gene (acdR = lrpL). In the present study, it was found that A. tumefaciens D3 is an avirulent strain. ACC deaminase activity and its regulation were also characterized. Under gnotobiotic conditions, wild-type A. tumefaciens D3 was shown to be able to promote plant root elongation, while the acdS and lrpL double mutant strain A. tumefaciens D3-1 lost that ability. When co-inoculated with the virulent strain, A. tumefaciens C58, in wounded castor bean plants, both the wild-type A. tumefaciens D3 and the mutant A. tumefaciens D3-1 were found to be able to significantly inhibit crown gall development induced by A. tumefaciens C58.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youai Hao
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo,ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Trevor C. Charles
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo,ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Bernard R. Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo,ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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Glick BR, Stearns JC. Making phytoremediation work better: maximizing a plant's growth potential in the midst of adversity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2011; 13 Suppl 1:4-16. [PMID: 22046748 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2011.568533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
While a number of different plants can either breakdown a variety of organic contaminants or hyperaccumulate metals from the environment, even the most efficient of those plants is typically inhibited by the presence of the toxicant(s). The plant stress that is induced by the presence of various environmental toxicants typically limits a plant's growth and ultimately its ability to phytoremediate the toxicant(s). Here, it is argued that the simple strategy of adding plant growth-promoting bacteria (preferably endophytes) that reduce plant ethylene levels by ACC deaminase activity and have the ability to synthesize the phytohoromone IAA, and are used to phytoremediate various toxicants can significantly (and often dramatically) increase both plant growth and phytoremediation activity in the presence of those toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard R Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
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Hao Y, Charles TC, Glick BR. ACC deaminase increases the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation frequency of commercial canola cultivars. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2010; 307:185-90. [PMID: 20636976 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.01977.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone ethylene has been reported to inhibit the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation efficiency of many plants. In this study, an acdS gene that encodes 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase, an enzyme that breaks down ACC, the direct precursor of ethylene biosynthesis in all higher plants, was introduced into A. tumefaciens GV3101::pMP90. It was found that the presence of active ACC deaminase in A. tumefaciens reduced ethylene levels produced by plant tissues during the process of infection and cocultivation, and significantly increased the transformation efficiency of three commercial canola cultivars: Brassica napus cv. Westar, B. napus cv. Hyola 401 and B. napus cv. 4414RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youai Hao
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Glick BR. Using soil bacteria to facilitate phytoremediation. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 28:367-74. [PMID: 20149857 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In the past twenty years or so, researchers have endeavored to utilize plants to facilitate the removal of both organic and inorganic contaminants from the environment, especially from soil. These phytoremediation approaches have come a long way in a short time. However, the majority of this work has been done under more controlled laboratory conditions and not in the field. As an adjunct to various phytoremediation strategies and as part of an effort to make this technology more efficacious, a number of scientists have begun to explore the possibility of using various soil bacteria together with plants. These bacteria include biodegradative bacteria, plant growth-promoting bacteria and bacteria that facilitate phytoremediation by other means. An overview of bacterially assisted phytoremediation is provided here for both organic and metallic contaminants, with the intent of providing some insight into how these bacteria aid phytoremediation so that future field studies might be facilitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard R Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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