1
|
Sun HZ, Li Q, Shang W, Qiao B, Xu QM, Cheng JS. Combinatorial metabolic engineering of Bacillus subtilis for de novo production of polymyxin B. Metab Eng 2024; 83:123-136. [PMID: 38582143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Polymyxin is a lipopeptide antibiotic that is effective against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. However, its clinical development is limited due to low titer and the presence of homologs. To address this, the polymyxin gene cluster was integrated into Bacillus subtilis, and sfp from Paenibacillus polymyxa was expressed heterologously, enabling recombinant B. subtilis to synthesize polymyxin B. Regulating NRPS domain inhibited formation of polymyxin B2 and B3. The production of polymyxin B increased to 329.7 mg/L by replacing the native promoters of pmxA, pmxB, and pmxE with PfusA, C2up, and PfusA, respectively. Further enhancement in this production, up to 616.1 mg/L, was achieved by improving the synthesis ability of 6-methyloctanoic acid compared to the original strain expressing polymyxin heterologously. Additionally, incorporating an anikasin-derived domain into the hybrid nonribosomal peptide synthase of polymyxin increased the B1 ratio in polymyxin B from 57.5% to 62.2%. Through optimization of peptone supply in the fermentation medium and fermentation in a 5.0-L bioreactor, the final polymyxin B titer reached 962.1 mg/L, with a yield of 19.24 mg/g maltodextrin and a productivity of 10.02 mg/(L·h). This study demonstrates a successful approach for enhancing polymyxin B production and increasing the B1 ratio through combinatorial metabolic engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Zhong Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qing Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wei Shang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Bin Qiao
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qiu-Man Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Binshuixi Road 393, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Jing-Sheng Cheng
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qiao J, Borriss R, Sun K, Zhang R, Chen X, Liu Y, Liu Y. Research advances in the identification of regulatory mechanisms of surfactin production by Bacillus: a review. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:100. [PMID: 38566071 PMCID: PMC10988940 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02372-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Surfactin is a cyclic hexalipopeptide compound, nonribosomal synthesized by representatives of the Bacillus subtilis species complex which includes B. subtilis group and its closely related species, such as B. subtilis subsp subtilis, B. subtilis subsp spizizenii, B. subtilis subsp inaquosorum, B. atrophaeus, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. velezensis (Steinke mSystems 6: e00057, 2021) It functions as a biosurfactant and signaling molecule and has antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, and plant disease resistance properties. The Bacillus lipopeptides play an important role in agriculture, oil recovery, cosmetics, food processing and pharmaceuticals, but the natural yield of surfactin synthesized by Bacillus is low. This paper reviews the regulatory pathways and mechanisms that affect surfactin synthesis and release, highlighting the regulatory genes involved in the transcription of the srfAA-AD operon. The several ways to enhance surfactin production, such as governing expression of the genes involved in synthesis and regulation of surfactin synthesis and transport, removal of competitive pathways, optimization of media, and fermentation conditions were commented. This review will provide a theoretical platform for the systematic genetic modification of high-yielding strains of surfactin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Qiao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rainer Borriss
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Kai Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongsheng Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xijun Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youzhou Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xia L, Wen J. Available strategies for improving the biosynthesis of surfactin: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:1111-1128. [PMID: 36001039 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2095252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Surfactin is an excellent biosurfactant with a wide range of application prospects in many industrial fields. However, its low productivity and high cost have largely limited its commercial applications. In this review, the pathways for surfactin synthesis in Bacillus strains are summarized and discussed. Further, the latest strategies for improving surfactin production, including: medium optimization, genome engineering methods (rational genetic engineering, genome reduction, and genome shuffling), heterologous synthesis, and the use of synthetic biology combined with metabolic engineering approaches to construct high-quality artificial cells for surfactin production using xylose, are described. Finally, the prospects for improving surfactin synthesis are discussed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Xia
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- National Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- National Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luo K, Chen Y, Qian X, Zhong H, Onchari MM, Liu X, Tian B, Zang S, Yin X, Chen X, Zheng H, Wang X, Luo C. Enhancing surfactin production in B. velezensis Bs916 combined cumulative mutagenesis and expression key enzymes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12590-5. [PMID: 37231158 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Surfactin is a lipopeptide which has attracted massive attention due to its versatile bioactive properties, although it has less commercial application due to its low yield in wild strains. The B. velezensis Bs916 has enable commercial production of surfactin due to its outstanding capacity to synthesize lipopeptides and amenable to genetically engineering. In this study, 20 derivatives with high surfactin production were obtained firstly by transposon mutagenesis and knockout techniques, and the surfactin yield of the derivative H5 (△GltB) was increased approximately 7-folds, reaching to 1.48 g/L. The molecular mechanism of high yielding surfactin in △GltB was investigated by the transcriptomic and KEGG pathway analysis. The results indicated that △GltB enhanced its ability to synthesize surfactin mainly by promoting transcription of the srfA gene cluster and inhibiting degradation of some key precursors such as fatty acid. Secondly, we obtained a triple mutant derivative BsC3 by cumulative mutagenesis of the negative genes GltB, RapF, and SerA, and it could increase the surfactin titer by twofold, reaching to 2.98 g/L. Thirdly, we achieved overexpression of two key rate-limiting enzyme genes, YbdT, and srfAD, and the derivative BsC5 which further increased the surfactin titer by 1.3-fold, reaching to 3.79 g/L. Finally, the yield of surfactin by derivatives was significantly increased under the optimal medium, particularly the BsC5 increased the surfactin titer to 8.37 g/L. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the highest yields that have been reported. Our work may pave way for large scale production of surfactin by B. velezensis Bs916. KEY POINTS: • Elucidation of the molecular mechanism of surfactin high-yielding transposon mutant. • Genetically engineering of B. velezensis Bs916 surfactin titer to 8.37 g/L for large scale preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Luo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuewen Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiangyang Qian
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Haijing Zhong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - M M Onchari
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xuehui Liu
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Baoxia Tian
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Shanshan Zang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiulian Yin
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Xixu Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Hanchi Zheng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Chuping Luo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sreedharan SM, Rishi N, Singh R. Microbial Lipopeptides: Properties, Mechanics and Engineering for Novel Lipopeptides. Microbiol Res 2023; 271:127363. [PMID: 36989760 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms produce active surface agents called lipopeptides (LPs) which are amphiphilic in nature. They are cyclic or linear compounds and are predominantly isolated from Bacillus and Pseudomonas species. LPs show antimicrobial activity towards various plant pathogens and act by inhibiting the growth of these organisms. Several mechanisms are exhibited by LPs, such as cell membrane disruption, biofilm production, induced systematic resistance, improving plant growth, inhibition of spores, etc., making them suitable as biocontrol agents and highly advantageous for industrial utilization. The biosynthesis of lipopeptides involves large multimodular enzymes referred to as non-ribosomal peptide synthases. These enzymes unveil a broad range of engineering approaches through which lipopeptides can be overproduced and new LPs can be generated asserting high efficacy. Such approaches involve several synthetic biology systems and metabolic engineering techniques such as promotor engineering, enhanced precursor availability, condensation domain engineering, and adenylation domain engineering. Finally, this review provides an update of the applications of lipopeptides in various fields.
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu S, Tang MH, Cheng JS. Fermentation optimization of surfactin production of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HM618. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:38-50. [PMID: 35201642 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This work isolated a strain named Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HM618 from the soil, which can inhibit the growths of Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, and Escherichia coli DH5α. Based on the results of response surface methodology, the surfactin levels of strain HM618 were elevated from 0.724 to 1.876 g/L and 0.995 to 1.888 g/L under the pure culture with the optimized medium (containing 62.39 g/L sucrose, 15.06 g/L yeast extracts, and 3.27 g/L aspartate) and under the coculture of strains HM618 and Bacillus subtilis 168 with the optimized medium (containing 50.52 g/L sucrose, 19.76 g/L yeast extracts, and 1.02 g/L glutamate), respectively. Additionally, influences of nonconstitutive amino acids involved in the biosynthesis of surfactin were also explored. The highest surfactin level reached 2.04 g/L after adding 3.0 g/L exogenous ornithine. However, the surfactin production of strain HM618 was significantly inhibited after adding the mixtures of nonconstitutive amino acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Jinnan District, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Hui Tang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Jinnan District, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Sheng Cheng
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Jinnan District, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jing YF, Wei HX, Liu FF, Liu YF, Zhou L, Liu JF, Yang SZ, Zhang HZ, Mu BZ. Genetic engineering of the branched-chain fatty acid biosynthesis pathway to enhance surfactin production from Bacillus subtilis. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:238-248. [PMID: 35419893 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Surfactin, which is composed of a β-hydroxy fatty acid chain and a peptide ring, has drawn considerable attention due to its potential applications in the biomedicine, bioremediation, and petroleum industries. However, the low yield of surfactin from wild strains still restricts its industrial applications. In this study, eight genes relevant to the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway were targeted to enhance surfactin production, and high surfactin-yielding strains with potential industrial applications were obtained. When ldeHA and acc were co-overexpressed, the surfactin yield of recombinant strains TDS8 and TPS8 increased to 1.55- and 1.19-fold of their parental strains, respectively, again proving that the conversion of acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) to malonyl-CoA is the rate-limiting step in fatty acid biosynthesis. Furthermore, changes in surfactin isoforms of recombinant strain TPS8 suggest that the fatty acid precursor synthesis pathway can be modified to improve the proportion of different isoforms. In addition, the deletion of lpdV, which is responsible for the conversion of α-ketoacyl-CoA precursors, resulted in a sharp decrease in surfactin production, further demonstrating the importance of branched-chain fatty acid biosynthesis in surfactin production. This work will facilitate the design and construction of more efficiently engineered strains for surfactin production and further extend industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fei Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-Xun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Fan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Center of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Zhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Center of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Zhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo-Zhong Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Center of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Phulpoto IA, Yu Z, Qazi MA, Ndayisenga F, Yang J. A comprehensive study on microbial-surfactants from bioproduction scale-up toward electrokinetics remediation of environmental pollutants: Challenges and perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:136979. [PMID: 36309062 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Currently, researchers have focused on electrokinetic (EK) bioremediation due to its potential to remove a wide-range of pollutants. Further, to improve their performance, synthetic surfactants are employed as effective additives because of their excellent solubility and mobility. Synthetic surfactants have an excessive position in industries since they are well-established, cheap, and easily available. Nevertheless, these surfactants have adverse environmental effects and could be detrimental to aquatic and terrestrial life. Owing to social and environmental awareness, there is a rising demand for bio-based surfactants in the global market, from environmental sustainability to public health, because of their excellent surface and interfacial activity, higher and stable emulsifying property, biodegradability, non- or low toxicity, better selectivity and specificity at extreme environmental conditions. Unfortunately, challenges to biosurfactants, like expensive raw materials, low yields, and purification processes, hinder their applicability to large-scale. To date, extensive research has already been conducted for production scale-up using multidisciplinary approaches. However, it is still essential to research and develop high-yielding bacteria for bioproduction through traditional and biotechnological advances to reduce production costs. Herein, this review evaluates the recent progress made on microbial-surfactants for bioproduction scale-up and provides detailed information on traditional and advanced genetic engineering approaches for cost-effective bioproduction. Furthermore, this study emphasized the role of electrokinetic (EK) bioremediation and discussed the application of BioS-mediated EK for various pollutants remediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ali Phulpoto
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Science, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur Mir's, 66020, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Zhisheng Yu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; RCEES-IMCAS-UCAS Joint-Lab of Microbial Technology for Environmental Science, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Muneer Ahmed Qazi
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Science, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur Mir's, 66020, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Fabrice Ndayisenga
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tank JG, Pandya RV. Anti-proliferative activity of surfactins on human cancer cells and their potential use in therapeutics. Peptides 2022; 155:170836. [PMID: 35803360 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Surfactins are cyclic lipopeptides that are isolated from various Bacillus strains. They are made up of heptapeptides and β-hydroxy fatty acids of variable chain lengths of carbon atoms. Therapeutically they are known to inhibit invasion, migration, and colony formation of human breast carcinoma cells. The role of surfactins is also known as anti-proliferative agents against human cancer cells through induction of apoptosis, arrest of the cell cycle, or suppression of survival signaling. The cytotoxic activity of surfactins is also perceived against human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells, human colon cancer cells, and hepatic carcinoma cells. Considering the wide spectrum of targets, the molecular effects of surfactins are diverse in different cancer cells and they can serve as promising chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer. Surfactins are being delivered to the targeted cancer cells through nano-carriers or nano-formulations. The present review article provides insight on different types and variations of surfactins, their molecular effect on different cancer cells, and their therapeutic use in the treatment of human cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jigna G Tank
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India.
| | - Rohan V Pandya
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Atmiya University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mitra S, Dhar R, Sen R. Designer bacterial cell factories for improved production of commercially valuable non-ribosomal peptides. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108023. [PMID: 35872292 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-ribosomal peptides have gained significant attention as secondary metabolites of high commercial importance. This group houses a diverse range of bioactive compounds, ranging from biosurfactants to antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents. However, low yield of synthesis by bacteria and excessive losses during purification hinders the industrial-scale production of non-ribosomal peptides, and subsequently limits their widespread applicability. While isolation of efficient producer strains and optimization of bioprocesses have been extensively used to enhance yield, further improvement can be made by optimization of the microbial strain using the tools and techniques of metabolic engineering, synthetic biology, systems biology, and adaptive laboratory evolution. These techniques, which directly target the genome of producer strains, aim to redirect carbon and nitrogen fluxes of the metabolic network towards the desired product, bypass the feedback inhibition and repression mechanisms that limit the maximum productivity of the strain, and even extend the substrate range of the cell for synthesis of the target product. The present review takes a comprehensive look into the biosynthesis of bacterial NRPs, how the same is regulated by the cell, and dives deep into the strategies that have been undertaken for enhancing the yield of NRPs, while also providing a perspective on other potential strategies that can allow for further yield improvement. Furthermore, this review provides the reader with a holistic perspective on the design of cellular factories of NRP production, starting from general techniques performed in the laboratory to the computational techniques that help a biochemical engineer model and subsequently strategize the architectural plan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayak Mitra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Riddhiman Dhar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
| | - Ramkrishna Sen
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen XY, Sun HZ, Qiao B, Miao CH, Hou ZJ, Xu SJ, Xu QM, Cheng JS. Improved the lipopeptide production of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HM618 under co-culture with the recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum producing high-level proline. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 349:126863. [PMID: 35183721 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The application of antibacterial lipopeptides is limited by high cost and low yield. Herein, the exogenous L-proline significantly improved lipopeptide production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HM618. A recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum producing high levels of proline using genetically modifying proB and putA was used to establish consortium, to improve lipopeptide production of strain HM618. Compared to a pure culture, the levels of iturin A, fengycin, and surfactin in consortium reached 67.75, 39.32, and 37.25 mg L-1, respectively, an increase of 3.19-, 2.05-, and 1.63-fold over that produced by co-cultures of B. amyloliquefaciens and recombinant C. glutamicum with normal medium. Commercial amylase and recombinant Pichia pastoris with a heterologous amylase gene were used to hydrolyze kitchen waste. A three-strain consortium with recombinant P. pastoris and C. glutamicum increased the lipopeptide production of strain HM618 in medium containing KW. This work provides new strategies to improve lipopeptide production by B. amyloliquefaciens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Hui-Zhong Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Bin Qiao
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Chang-Hao Miao
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Zheng-Jie Hou
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Shu-Jing Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Qiu-Man Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Binshuixi Road 393, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Sheng Cheng
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Klausmann P, Lilge L, Aschern M, Hennemann K, Henkel M, Hausmann R, Morabbi Heravi K. Influence of B. subtilis 3NA mutations in spo0A and abrB on surfactin production in B. subtilis 168. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:188. [PMID: 34565366 PMCID: PMC8474915 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacillus subtilis is a well-established host for a variety of bioproduction processes, with much interest focused on the production of biosurfactants such as the cyclic lipopeptide surfactin. Surfactin production is tightly intertwined with quorum sensing and regulatory cell differentiation processes. As previous studies have shown, a non-sporulating B. subtilis strain 3NA encoding a functional sfp locus but mutations in the spo0A and abrB loci, called JABs32, exhibits noticeably increased surfactin production capabilities. In this work, the impacts of introducing JABs32 mutations in the genes spo0A, abrB and abh from 3NA into strain KM1016, a surfactin-forming derivative of B. subtilis 168, was investigated. This study aims to show these mutations are responsible for the surfactin producing performance of strain JABs32 in fed-batch bioreactor cultivations. Results Single and double mutant strains of B. subtilis KM1016 were constructed encoding gene deletions of spo0A, abrB and homologous abh. Furthermore, an elongated abrB version, called abrB*, as described for JABs32 was integrated. Single and combinatory mutant strains were analysed in respect of growth behaviour, native PsrfA promoter expression and surfactin production. Deletion of spo0A led to increased growth rates with lowered surfactin titers, while deletion or elongation of abrB resulted in lowered growth rates and high surfactin yields, compared to KM1016. The double mutant strains B. subtilis KM1036 and KM1020 encoding Δspo0A abrB* and Δspo0A ΔabrB were compared to reference strain JABs32, with KM1036 exhibiting similar production parameters and impeded cell growth and surfactin production for KM1020. Bioreactor fed-batch cultivations comparing a Δspo0A abrB* mutant of KM1016, KM681, with JABs32 showed a decrease of 32% in surfactin concentration. Conclusions The genetic differences of B. subtilis KM1016 and JABs32 give rise to new and improved fermentation methods through high cell density processes. Deletion of the spo0A locus was shown to be the reason for higher biomass concentrations. Only in combination with an elongation of abrB was this strain able to reach high surfactin titers of 18.27 g L−1 in fed-batch cultivations. This work shows, that a B. subtilis strain can be turned into a high cell density surfactin production strain by introduction of two mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Klausmann
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150K), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lars Lilge
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150K), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Moritz Aschern
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150K), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katja Hennemann
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150K), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marius Henkel
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150K), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hausmann
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150K), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kambiz Morabbi Heravi
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150K), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu Q, Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhang C, Liu T, Duan C, Bian X, Guo Z, Long Q, Tang Y, Du J, Liu A, Dai L, Li D, Chen W. Enhancement of edeine production in Brevibacillus brevis X23 via in situ promoter engineering. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 15:577-589. [PMID: 34310825 PMCID: PMC8867987 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Edeines, a group of cationic antimicrobial peptides produced by the soil bacterium Brevibacillus, have broad biological effects, such as antimicrobial, anticancer and immunosuppressive activities. However, the yield of edeines in wild-type (WT) Brevibacillus is extremely low, and chemical synthesis of edeines is a time-consuming process. Genetic engineering has proven to be an effective approach to produce antibiotics with high yield. In this study, the edeine biosynthetic gene cluster (ede BGC), which is involved in edeine production, was identified and characterized in Brevibacillus brevis X23. To improve edeine production in B. brevis X23, the ede BGC promoter was replaced with six different promoters, Pmwp , Pspc , PxylA , Pshuttle-09 , Pgrac or P43 , through double-crossover homologous recombination. The new promoters significantly increased the expression of the ede BGC as well as edeine production by 2.9 ± 0.4 to 20.5 ± 1.2-fold and 3.6 ± 0.1to 8.7 ± 0.7-fold respectively. The highest yield of edeines (83.6 mg l-1 ) was obtained in B. brevis X23 with the Pmwp promoter. This study provides a practical approach for producing high yields of edeines in B. brevis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingshu Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.,Hunan Province Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Microbiology Application, Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha, 410009, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.,College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yunsheng Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Cuiyang Zhang
- Hunan Province Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Microbiology Application, Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha, 410009, China
| | - Tianbo Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Caichen Duan
- Hunan Province Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Microbiology Application, Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha, 410009, China
| | - Xiaoying Bian
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zhaohui Guo
- Hunan Province Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Microbiology Application, Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha, 410009, China
| | - Qingshan Long
- Hunan Province Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Microbiology Application, Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha, 410009, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Hunan Province Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Microbiology Application, Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha, 410009, China
| | - Jie Du
- Hunan Province Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Microbiology Application, Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha, 410009, China
| | - Aiyu Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Liangying Dai
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Dingjun Li
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.,Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Wu Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Klausmann P, Hennemann K, Hoffmann M, Treinen C, Aschern M, Lilge L, Morabbi Heravi K, Henkel M, Hausmann R. Bacillus subtilis High Cell Density Fermentation Using a Sporulation-Deficient Strain for the Production of Surfactin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4141-4151. [PMID: 33991199 PMCID: PMC8140969 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Bacillus subtilis 3NA is a strain capable of reaching high cell densities. A surfactin producing sfp+ variant of this strain, named JABs32, was utilized in fed-batch cultivation processes. Both a glucose and an ammonia solution were fed to set a steady growth rate μ of 0.1 h-1. In this process, a cell dry weight of up to 88 g L-1 was reached after 38 h of cultivation, and surfactin titers of up to 26.5 g L-1 were detected in this high cell density fermentation process, achieving a YP/X value of 0.23 g g-1 as well as a qP/X of 0.007 g g-1 h-1. In sum, a 21-fold increase in surfactin titer was obtained compared with cultivations in shake flasks. In contrast to fed-batch operations using Bacillus subtilis JABs24, an sfp+ variant derived from B. subtilis 168, JABs32, reached an up to fourfold increase in surfactin titers using the same fed-batch protocol. Additionally, a two-stage feed process was established utilizing strain JABs32. Using an optimized mineral salt medium in this high cell density fermentation approach, after 31 h of cultivation, surfactin titers of 23.7 g L-1 were reached with a biomass concentration of 41.3 g L-1, thus achieving an enhanced YP/X value of 0.57 g g-1 as well as a qP/X of 0.018 g g-1 h-1. The mutation of spo0A locus and an elongation of AbrB in the strain utilized in combination with a high cell density fed-batch process represents a promising new route for future enhancements on surfactin production. Key points • Utilization of a sporulation deficient strain for fed-batch operations • High cell density process with Bacillus subtilis for lipopeptide production was established • High titer surfactin production capabilities confirm highly promising future platform strain
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Klausmann
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150 k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katja Hennemann
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150 k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mareen Hoffmann
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150 k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Chantal Treinen
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150 k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Moritz Aschern
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150 k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lars Lilge
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150 k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kambiz Morabbi Heravi
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150 k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marius Henkel
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150 k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Rudolf Hausmann
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150 k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hoffmann M, Braig A, Fernandez Cano Luna DS, Rief K, Becker P, Treinen C, Klausmann P, Morabbi Heravi K, Henkel M, Lilge L, Hausmann R. Evaluation of an oxygen-dependent self-inducible surfactin synthesis in B. subtilis by substitution of native promoter P srfA by anaerobically active P narG and P nasD. AMB Express 2021; 11:57. [PMID: 33876328 PMCID: PMC8055807 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel approach targeting self-inducible surfactin synthesis under oxygen-limited conditions is presented. Because both the nitrate (NarGHI) and nitrite (NasDE) reductase are highly expressed during anaerobic growth of B. subtilis, the native promoter PsrfA of the surfactin operon in strain B. subtilis JABs24 was replaced by promoters PnarG and PnasD to induce surfactin synthesis anaerobically. Shake flask cultivations with varying oxygen availabilities indicated no significant differences in native PsrfA expression. As hypothesized, activity of PnarG and PnasD increased with lower oxygen levels and surfactin was not produced by PsrfA::PnarG as well as PsrfA::PnasD mutant strains under conditions with highest oxygen availability. PnarG showed expressions similar to PsrfA at lowest oxygen availability, while maximum value of PnasD was more than 5.5-fold higher. Although the promoter exchange PsrfA::PnarG resulted in a decreased surfactin titer at lowest oxygen availability, the strain carrying PsrfA::PnasD reached a 1.4-fold increased surfactin concentration with 696 mg/L and revealed an exceptional high overall YP/X of 1.007 g/g. This value also surpassed the YP/X of the reference strain JABs24 at highest and moderate oxygen availability. Bioreactor cultivations illustrated that significant cell lysis occurred when the process of "anaerobization" was performed too fast. However, processes with a constantly low agitation and aeration rate showed promising potential for process improvement, especially by employing the strain carrying PsrfA::PnasD promoter exchange. Additionally, replacement of other native promoters by nitrite reductase promoter PnasD represents a promising tool for anaerobic-inducible bioprocesses in Bacillus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mareen Hoffmann
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alina Braig
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Diana Stephanie Fernandez Cano Luna
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katharina Rief
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Philipp Becker
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Chantal Treinen
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Klausmann
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kambiz Morabbi Heravi
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marius Henkel
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lars Lilge
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Rudolf Hausmann
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Development and Genetic Engineering of Hyper-Producing Microbial Strains for Improved Synthesis of Biosurfactants. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:267-288. [PMID: 33523418 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00302-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Current research energies are fixated on the synthesis of environmentally friendly and non-hazardous products, which include finding and recognizing biosurfactants that can substitute synthetic surfactants. Microbial biosurfactants are surface-active compounds synthesized intracellularly or extracellularly. To use biosurfactants in various industries, it is essential to understand scientific engagements that demonstrate its potentials as real advancement in the 21st century. Other than applying a substantial effect on the world economic market, engineered hyper-producing microbial strains in combination with optimized cultivation parameters have made it probable for many industrial companies to receive the profits of 'green' biosurfactant innovation. There needs to be an emphasis on the worldwide state of biosurfactant synthesis, expression of biosurfactant genes in expressive host systems, the recent developments, and prospects in this line of research. Thus, molecular dynamics with respect to genetic engineering of biosynthetic genes are proposed as new biotechnological tools for development, improved synthesis, and applications of biosurfactants. For example, mutant and hyper-producing recombinants have been designed efficaciously to advance the nature, quantity, and quality of biosurfactants. The fastidious and deliberate investigation will prompt a comprehension of the molecular dynamics and phenomena in new microorganisms. Throughout the decade, valuable data on the molecular genetics of biosurfactant have been produced, and this solid foundation would encourage application-oriented yields of the biosurfactant production industry and expand its utilization in diverse fields. Therefore, the conversations among different interdisciplinary experts from various scientific interests such as microbiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, and genetics are indispensable and significant to accomplish these objectives.
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang F, Huo K, Song X, Quan Y, Wang S, Zhang Z, Gao W, Yang C. Engineering of a genome-reduced strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for enhancing surfactin production. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:223. [PMID: 33287813 PMCID: PMC7720510 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genome reduction and metabolic engineering have emerged as intensive research hotspots for constructing the promising functional chassis and various microbial cell factories. Surfactin, a lipopeptide-type biosurfactant with broad spectrum antibiotic activity, has wide application prospects in anticancer therapy, biocontrol and bioremediation. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LL3, previously isolated by our lab, contains an intact srfA operon in the genome for surfactin biosynthesis. Results In this study, a genome-reduced strain GR167 lacking ~ 4.18% of the B. amyloliquefaciens LL3 genome was constructed by deleting some unnecessary genomic regions. Compared with the strain NK-1 (LL3 derivative, ΔuppΔpMC1), GR167 exhibited faster growth rate, higher transformation efficiency, increased intracellular reducing power level and higher heterologous protein expression capacity. Furthermore, the chassis strain GR167 was engineered for enhanced surfactin production. Firstly, the iturin and fengycin biosynthetic gene clusters were deleted from GR167 to generate GR167ID. Subsequently, two promoters PRsuc and PRtpxi from LL3 were obtained by RNA-seq and promoter strength characterization, and then they were individually substituted for the native srfA promoter in GR167ID to generate GR167IDS and GR167IDT. The best mutant GR167IDS showed a 678-fold improvement in the transcriptional level of the srfA operon relative to GR167ID, and it produced 311.35 mg/L surfactin, with a 10.4-fold increase relative to GR167. Conclusions The genome-reduced strain GR167 was advantageous over the parental strain in several industrially relevant physiological traits assessed and it was highlighted as a chassis strain for further genetic modification. In future studies, further reduction of the LL3 genome can be expected to create high-performance chassis for synthetic biology applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaiyue Huo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingyi Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yufen Quan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shufang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiling Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300041, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, 300041, China.
| | - Weixia Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.
| | - Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang L, Li X, Zhan N, Sun T, Li J, Shan A. Maltose Induced Expression of Cecropin AD by SUMO Technology in Bacillus subtilis WB800N. Protein J 2020; 39:383-391. [PMID: 32661730 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-020-09908-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cecropin AD (CAD) is a hybrid peptide composed of 37 amino acids with the characters of strong antibacterial, antitumor properties and no hemolytic activity, which was regarded as a promising antibiotic candidate. Thus, a safe method to produce Cecropin AD is necessary to be found. In the study, Bacillus subtilis WB800N was employed as host strain. The CAD coding sequence fused with the signal peptide of SPsacB, the 6 × His gene and the gene of small ubiquitin-like modifier were cloned into the maltose-inducible vector pGJ148. Under the induction by 6% maltose, the recombinant fusion protein was successfully expressed and detected in culture substrate. An optimized amount (26.4 mg/L) of the recombinant CAD was purified of culture supernatant. After purification and digestion, the recombinant CAD was harvested about 4.5 mg/L with a purity of 93%. Recombinant CAD exhibited similar antimicrobial activity with synthetic CAD. This shows that the production of CAD in maltose-induced Bacillus subtilis expression system is a relatively safe method, which is vital for the application of CAD in animal husbandry production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Licong Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Zhan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Taotao Sun
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Heterologous expression of the novel α-helical hybrid peptide PR-FO in Bacillus subtilis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1619-1627. [PMID: 32350599 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02353-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PR-FO is a novel α-helical hybrid antimicrobial peptide (AMP) with strong antimicrobial activities and high stability, and the potential to develop into a new generation of antimicrobial agents. In this study, the encoded gene sequence of SMT3-PR-FO was designed and transformed into B. subtilis WB800N. Fusion proteins with concentrations of 16 mg L-1 (SPamyQ) and 23 mg L-1 (SPsacB) were obtained after purification by a Ni-NTA resin column. A total of 3 mg (SPamyQ) and 4 mg (SPsacB) of PR-FO with a purity of 90% was obtained from 1 L fermentation cultures. Recombinant PR-FO exhibited high inhibition activities against both gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria, and low haemolytic activity against human red blood cells. These results indicated that the rSMT3-PR-FO could be expressed under the guidance of SPamyQ and SPsacB, and the maltose-induced expression strategy might be a safe and efficient method for the soluble peptides production in B. subtilis.
Collapse
|
20
|
Yang N, Wu Q, Xu Y. Fe Nanoparticles Enhanced Surfactin Production in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:6321-6329. [PMID: 32258866 PMCID: PMC7114131 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Surfactin, as one of the most powerful biosurfactants, can be widely applied in agriculture, food, and pharmaceutics. However, low biosynthesis efficiency is the major obstacle in its commercialization. Here, we used nanoparticles to increase the surfactin production in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MT45 through enhancing the secretion (the key step of surfactin biosynthesis). The results showed that the surfactin titer increased from 4.93 to 7.15 g/L in the flask and from 5.94 to 9.18 g/L in a 7 L bioreactor by adding 5 g/L Fe nanoparticles. They were the highest titers in the reported wild-type strain. Our results indicated that Fe nanoparticles enhanced the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of surfactin. Moreover, Fe nanoparticles increased the permeability of cell membranes, resulting in a more efficient secretion of surfactin. This study provides an efficient strategy for increasing the biosynthesis of microbial metabolites and provides new insights into the nanoparticles' impacts on microbes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial
Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food
Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial
Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food
Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial
Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food
Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhou D, Hu F, Lin J, Wang W, Li S. Genome and transcriptome analysis of Bacillus velezensis BS-37, an efficient surfactin producer from glycerol, in response to d-/l-leucine. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e00794. [PMID: 30793535 PMCID: PMC6692528 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactin is one of the most widely studied biosurfactants due to its many potential applications in different fields. In the present study, Bacillus velezensis BS-37, initially identified as a strain of Bacillus subtilis, was used to efficiently produce surfactin with the addition of glycerol, an inexpensive by-product of biodiesel production. After 36 hr of growth in glycerol medium, the total surfactin concentration reached more than 1,000 mg/L, which was two times higher than that in sucrose medium. Moreover, the addition of l- and d-Leu to the culture medium had opposite effects on surfactin production by BS-37. While surfactin production increased significantly to nearly 2,000 mg/L with the addition of 10 mM l-Leu, it was dramatically reduced to about 250 mg/L with the addition of 10 mM d-Leu. To systemically elucidate the mechanisms influencing the efficiency of this biosynthesis process, we sequenced the genome of BS-37 and analyzed changes of the transcriptome in glycerol medium in response to d-/l-leucine. The RPKM analysis of the transcriptome of BS-37 showed that the transcription levels of genes encoding modular surfactin synthase, the glycerol utilization pathway, and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) synthesis pathways were all at a relatively high level, which may offered an explanation why this strain can efficiently use glycerol to produce surfactin with a high yield. Neither l-Leu nor d-Leu had a significant effect on the expression of genes in these pathways, indicating that l-Leu plays an important role as a precursor or substrate involved in surfactin production, while d-Leu appears to act as a competitive inhibitor. The results of the present study provide new insights into the synthesis of surfactin and ways of its regulation, and enrich the genomic and transcriptomic resources available for the construction of high-producing strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayuan Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Fangxiang Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Junzhang Lin
- Oil Production Research InstituteShengli Oil Field Ltd. Co. SinoPECDongyingChina
| | - Weidong Wang
- Oil Production Research InstituteShengli Oil Field Ltd. Co. SinoPECDongyingChina
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjingChina
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang C, Cao Y, Wang Y, Sun L, Song H. Enhancing surfactin production by using systematic CRISPRi repression to screen amino acid biosynthesis genes in Bacillus subtilis. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:90. [PMID: 31122258 PMCID: PMC6533722 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1139-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Surfactin is a cyclic lipopeptide that is of great industrial use owing to its extraordinary surfactant power and antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumor activities. Surfactin is synthesized by a condensation reaction in microbes, which uses fatty acids and four kinds of amino acids (l-glutamate, l-aspartate, l-leucine and l-valine) as precursors. Surfactin biosynthesis could be improved by increasing the supply of fatty acids; however, the effect of the regulation of amino acid metabolism on surfactin production was not yet clear. Results In this study, we aimed to improve surfactin production in B. subtilis by repressing the genes on the branch metabolic pathways of amino acid biosynthesis using CRISPRi technology. First, 20 genes were inhibited individually, resulting in 2.5- to 627-fold decreases in transcriptional level as determined by RT-qPCR. Among the 20 recombinant strains, 16 strains obtained higher surfactin titres than that produced by the parent BS168NU-Sd strain (the surfactin production of BS168NU-Sd with only dCas9 but no sgRNA expression was 0.17 g/L). In particular, the strains in which the yrpC, racE or murC genes were inhibited individually produced 0.54, 0.41, or 0.42 g/L surfactin, respectively. All three genes are related to the metabolism of l-glutamate, whose acylation is the first step in the surfactin condensation reaction. Furthermore, these three genes were repressed in combination, and the strain with co-inhibition of yrpC and racE produced 0.75 g/L surfactin, which was 4.69-fold higher than that of the parent strain. In addition, the inhibition of bkdAA and bkdAB, which are related to the metabolism of l-leucine and l-valine, not only improved surfactin production but also increased the proportion of the C14 isoform. Conclusions This study, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, systematically probed the regulatory effect of increasing the supply of amino acids on surfactin production. It provided an effective strategy and a new perspective for systematic studies on surfactin and other amino acid-derived chemicals. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-019-1139-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congya Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxiu Cao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongping Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Sun
- Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hao Song
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Luo C, Chen Y, Liu X, Wang X, Wang X, Li X, Zhao Y, Wei L. Engineered biosynthesis of cyclic lipopeptide locillomycins in surrogate host Bacillus velezensis FZB42 and derivative strains enhance antibacterial activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:4467-4481. [PMID: 30989253 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09784-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Locillomycins are cyclic lipononapeptides assembled by a nonlinear hexamodular NRPS and have strong antibacterial activity. In this study, we genetically engineered Bacillus velezensis FZB42 as a surrogate host for the heterologous expression of the loc gene cluster for locillomycins. The fosmid N13 containing whole loc gene cluster was screened from the B. velezensis 916 genomic library. Subsequently, a spectinomycin resistance cassette, and the cassette fused with an IPTG inducible promoter Pspac, was introduced in the fosmid N13 using λ Red recombination system, respectively. The resulting fosmids, designated N13+Spec and N13+PSSpec, were used for the transformation of B. velezensis FZB42 to obtain derivative strains FZBNPLOC and FZBPSLOC. RT-PCR and qRT-PCR results revealed the efficient heterologous expression of the loc gene cluster in both derivative strains. Particularly, there was positive correlation between the derivative FZBPSLOC strain and the enhanced production of locillomycins upon addition of the inducer IPTG with the highest production of locillomycins at 15-fold more than that of B. velezensis 916. This overproduction of locillomycins was also related to the enhancement of antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and exhibited moderate changes in its hemolytic activity. Together our findings demonstrate that the nonlinear hexamodular NRPS, encoded by the loc gene cluster from B. velezensis 916, is sufficient for the biosynthesis of cyclic lipononapeptide locillomycins in the surrogate host B. velezensis FZB42. Moreover, the FZBPSLOC strain will also be useful for further development of novel locillomycins derivatives with improved antibacterial activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuping Luo
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China.
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yongxing Chen
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Xuehui Liu
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Yuping Zhao
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Lihui Wei
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hu F, Liu Y, Li S. Rational strain improvement for surfactin production: enhancing the yield and generating novel structures. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:42. [PMID: 30819187 PMCID: PMC6394072 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactin, one of the most powerful microbial surfactants, is a lipopeptide-type biosurfactant which combines interesting physicochemical properties and biological activities. However, the high cost caused by its low productivity largely limits the commercial application of surfactin. Hence, many engineered bacterium have also been used to enhance surfactin biosynthesis. This review briefly summarizes the mechanism of surfactin biosynthesis, highlighting the synthesis pathway of N-terminally attached fatty acids, and outlines the main genetic engineering strategies for improving the yield and generating novel structures of surfactin, including promoter engineering, enhancing efflux systems, modifying the transcriptional regulatory genes of surfactin synthase (srfA), genomics and transcriptomics analysis, non ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) domain and combinatorial biosynthesis. Finally, we discuss the future prospects of the research on surfactin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangxiang Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuyue Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wu Q, Zhi Y, Xu Y. Systematically engineering the biosynthesis of a green biosurfactant surfactin by Bacillus subtilis 168. Metab Eng 2018; 52:87-97. [PMID: 30453038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of surfactin has attracted broad interest; however, there is a bottleneck in its low yield in wild strains and the ability to engineer Bacillus producers. Because the key metabolic mechanisms in the surfactin synthesis pathway remain unclear, genetic engineering approaches are all ending up with a single or a few gene modifications. The aim of this study is to develop a systematic engineering approach to improve the biosynthesis of surfactin. First, we restored surfactin biosynthetic activity by integrating a complete sfp gene into the nonproducing Bacillus subtilis 168 strain and obtained a surfactin titer of 0.4 g/l. Second, we reduced competition by deleting biofilm formation-related genes and nonribosomal peptide synthetases/polyketide synthase pathways (3.8% of the total genome), which increased the surfactin titer by 3.3-fold. Third, we improved cellular tolerance to surfactin by overexpressing potential self-resistance-associated proteins, which further increased the surfactin titer by 8.5-fold. Fourth, we increased the supply of precursor branched-chain fatty acids by engineering the branched-chain fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, resulting in an increase of the surfactin titer to 8.5 g/l (a 20.3-fold increase). Finally, due to the preference of the glycolytic pathway for cell growth, we diverted precursor acetyl-CoA away from cell growth to surfactin biosynthesis by enhancing the transcription of srfA. The final surfactin titer increased to 12.8 g/l, with a yield of 65.0 mmol/mol sucrose (42% of the theoretical yield) in the metabolically engineered strain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest titer and yield that has been reported. This study may pave the way for the commercial production of green surfactin. More broadly, our work presents another successful example of the modularization of metabolic pathways for improving titer and yield in biotechnological production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Suqian Industrial Technology Research Institute of Jiangnan University, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Yan Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang Q, Yu H, Wang M, Yang H, Shen Z. Enhanced biosynthesis and characterization of surfactin isoforms with engineered Bacillus subtilis through promoter replacement and Vitreoscilla hemoglobin co-expression. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
27
|
Jiao S, Li X, Yu H, Yang H, Li X, Shen Z. In situ enhancement of surfactin biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis
using novel artificial inducible promoters. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 114:832-842. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Jiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Tsinghua University); Ministry of Education; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Tsinghua University); Ministry of Education; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Huimin Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Tsinghua University); Ministry of Education; Beijing 100084 China
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Tsinghua University); Ministry of Education; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Tsinghua University); Ministry of Education; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Zhongyao Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Tsinghua University); Ministry of Education; Beijing 100084 China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Willenbacher J, Mohr T, Henkel M, Gebhard S, Mascher T, Syldatk C, Hausmann R. Substitution of the native srfA promoter by constitutive Pveg in two B. subtilis strains and evaluation of the effect on Surfactin production. J Biotechnol 2016; 224:14-7. [PMID: 26953743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The genetic enhancement of Surfactin production increasingly gained attention in the last years, since relatively low product yields limit the industrial application of this biosurfactant. The natural quorum sensing regulation of the srfA operon (coding for the Surfactin synthetase) can reasonably be assumed to be the bottleneck of Surfactin synthesis. Therefore, the replacement of the naturally quorum sensing regulated, and herewith cell density dependent, promoter PsrfA against the Bacillus subtilis endogenous and constitutive promoter Pveg was hypothesized to generally enhance Surfactin yields. The markerless promoter replacement was conducted in the two B. subtilis Surfactin producer strains 3A38 and DSM 10(T). The promoter substitution led to an enhancement of Surfactin concentrations in the producer strain 3A38, initially producing only minor amounts of Surfactin (0.07g/L increased to 0.26g/L). In contrast, promoter exchange in B. subtilis DSM 10(T) (wild-type strain producing 0.62g/L Surfactin) did not achieve an enhancement of Surfactin concentrations (detrimental reduction to 0.04g/L). These findings implicate that Surfactin synthesis is differently regulated in minor and strong Surfactin producer strains. The hypothesized general enhancement of Surfactin yields after substitution of the native promoter was therefore not confirmed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judit Willenbacher
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section II: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Ring 3, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Teresa Mohr
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section II: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Ring 3, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Marius Henkel
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Section Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Susanne Gebhard
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY Bath, United Kingdom.
| | - Thorsten Mascher
- Institute of Microbiology, General Microbiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Christoph Syldatk
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section II: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Ring 3, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Rudolf Hausmann
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Section Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wu L, Wu HJ, Qiao J, Gao X, Borriss R. Novel Routes for Improving Biocontrol Activity of Bacillus Based Bioinoculants. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1395. [PMID: 26696998 PMCID: PMC4674565 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocontrol (BC) formulations prepared from plant-growth-promoting bacteria are increasingly applied in sustainable agriculture. Especially inoculants prepared from endospore-forming Bacillus strains have been proven as efficient and environmental-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides due to their long shelf life, which is comparable with that of agrochemicals. However, these formulations of the first generation are sometimes hampered in their action and do not fulfill in each case the expectations of the appliers. In this review we use the well-known plant-associated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens type strain FZB42 as example for the successful application of different techniques offered today by comparative, evolutionary and functional genomics, site-directed mutagenesis and strain construction including marker removal, for paving the way for preparing a novel generation of BC agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Disease and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Jun Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Disease and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing, China
| | - Junqing Qiao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Disease and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing, China ; Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing, China
| | - Xuewen Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Disease and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing, China
| | - Rainer Borriss
- Fachgebiet Phytomedizin, Institut für Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin, Germany ; Nord Reet UG Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Coutte F, Niehren J, Dhali D, John M, Versari C, Jacques P. Modeling leucine's metabolic pathway and knockout prediction improving the production of surfactin, a biosurfactant from
Bacillus subtilis. Biotechnol J 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- François Coutte
- ProBioGEM team, Research Institute for Food and Biotechnology ‐ Charles Viollette (EA7394), University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Joachim Niehren
- BioComputing team, CRIStAL Lab (CNRS UMR9189), University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- Inria Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Debarun Dhali
- ProBioGEM team, Research Institute for Food and Biotechnology ‐ Charles Viollette (EA7394), University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Mathias John
- University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- BioComputing team, CRIStAL Lab (CNRS UMR9189), University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Cristian Versari
- University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- BioComputing team, CRIStAL Lab (CNRS UMR9189), University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Philippe Jacques
- ProBioGEM team, Research Institute for Food and Biotechnology ‐ Charles Viollette (EA7394), University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Patel S, Ahmed S, Eswari JS. Therapeutic cyclic lipopeptides mining from microbes: latest strides and hurdles. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:1177-93. [PMID: 26041368 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1880-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases impose serious public health burdens and often have devastating consequences. The cyclic lipopeptides elaborated by bacteria Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, Serratia, Propionibacterium and fungus Fusarium are very crucial in restraining the pathogens. Composed of a peptide and a fatty acyl moiety these amphiphilic metabolites exhibit broad spectrum antimicrobial effects. Among the plethora of cyclic lipopeptides, only selective few have emerged as robust antibiotics. For their functional vigor, polymyxin, daptomycin, surfactin, iturin, fengysin, paenibacterin and pseudofactin have been integrated in mainstream healthcare. Daptomycin has been a significant part of antimicrobial arsenal since the past decade. As the magnitude of drug resistance rises in unprecedented manner, the urgency of prospecting novel cyclic lipopeptides is being perceived. Intense research has revealed the implication of these bioactive compounds stretching beyond antibacterial and antifungal. Anticancer, immunomodulatory, prosthetic parts disinfection and vaccine adjuvancy are some of the validated prospects. This review discusses the emerging applications, mechanisms governing the biological actions, role of genomics in refining structure and function, semi-synthetic analog discovery, novel strain isolation, setbacks etc. Though its beyond the scope of the current topic, for holistic purpose, the role of lipopeptides in bioremediation and crop biotechnology has been briefly outlined. This updated critique is expected to galvanize innovations and diversify therapeutic recruitment of microbial lipopeptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seema Patel
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bacilysin overproduction in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 markerless derivative strains FZBREP and FZBSPA enhances antibacterial activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:4255-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
33
|
Differential proteomics analysis of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and its genome-shuffled mutant for improving surfactin production. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:19847-69. [PMID: 25365175 PMCID: PMC4264142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151119847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome shuffling technology was used as a novel whole-genome engineering approach to rapidly improve the antimicrobial lipopeptide yield of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Comparative proteomic analysis of the parental ES-2-4 and genome-shuffled FMB38 strains was conducted to examine the differentially expressed proteins. The proteome was separated by 2-DE (two dimensional electrophoresis) and analyzed by MS (mass spectrum). In the shuffled strain FMB38, 51 differentially expressed protein spots with higher than two-fold spot density were detected by gel image comparison. Forty-six protein spots were detectable by silver staining and further MS analysis. The results demonstrated that among the 46 protein spots expressed particularly induced in the genome-shuffled mutant, 15 were related to metabolism, five to DNA replication, recombination and repair, six to translation and post-translational modifications, one to cell secretion and signal transduction mechanisms, three to surfactin synthesis, two to energy production and conversion, and 14 to others. All these indicated that the metabolic capability of the mutant was improved by the genome shuffling. The study will enable future detailed investigation of gene expression and function linked with surfactin synthesis. The results of proteome analysis may provide information for metabolic engineering of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for overproduction of surfactin.
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhao J, Li Y, Zhang C, Yao Z, Zhang L, Bie X, Lu F, Lu Z. Genome shuffling of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for improving antimicrobial lipopeptide production and an analysis of relative gene expression using FQ RT-PCR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 39:889-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-012-1098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Genome shuffling is an efficient approach for the rapid improvement of the yield of secondary metabolites. This study was undertaken to enhance the yield of surfactin produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ES-2-4 using genome shuffling and to examine changes in SrfA expression of the improved phenotype at the transcriptional level. Six strains with subtle improvements in lipopeptide yield were obtained from populations generated by ultraviolet irradiation, nitrosoguanidine, and ion beam mutagenesis. These strains were then subjected to recursive protoplast fusion. A strain library that was likely to yield positive colonies was created by fusing the lethal protoplasts obtained from both ultraviolet irradiation and heat treatments. After two rounds of genome shuffling, a high-yield recombinant F2-38 strain that exhibited 3.5- and 10.3-fold increases in surfactin production in shake flask and fermenter respectively, was obtained. Comparative analysis of synthetase gene expression was conducted between the initial and shuffled strains using FQ (fluorescent quantitation) RT-PCR. Delta CT (threshold cycle) relative quantitation analysis revealed that surfactin synthetase gene (srfA) expression at the transcriptional level in the F2-38 strain was 15.7-fold greater than in the ES-2-4 wild-type. The shuffled strain has a potential application in food and pharmaceutical industries. At the same time, the analysis of improved phenotypes will provide more valuable data for inverse metabolic engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zhao
- grid.27871.3b 0000000097507019 College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University 210095 Nanjing Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
- grid.453074.1 0000000097970900 College of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Science and Technology Tianjing Road 471003 Luoyang People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanhong Li
- grid.27871.3b 0000000097507019 College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University 210095 Nanjing Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Chong Zhang
- grid.27871.3b 0000000097507019 College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University 210095 Nanjing Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengying Yao
- grid.27871.3b 0000000097507019 College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University 210095 Nanjing Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- grid.27871.3b 0000000097507019 College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University 210095 Nanjing Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Bie
- grid.27871.3b 0000000097507019 College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University 210095 Nanjing Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Lu
- grid.27871.3b 0000000097507019 College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University 210095 Nanjing Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- grid.27871.3b 0000000097507019 College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University 210095 Nanjing Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jung J, Yu KO, Ramzi AB, Choe SH, Kim SW, Han SO. Improvement of surfactin production in Bacillus subtilis using synthetic wastewater by overexpression of specific extracellular signaling peptides, comX and phrC. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 109:2349-56. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
36
|
Savadogo A, Tapi A, Chollet M, Wathelet B, Traoré AS, Jacques P. Identification of surfactin producing strains in Soumbala and Bikalga fermented condiments using Polymerase Chain Reaction and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Mass Spectrometry methods. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 151:299-306. [PMID: 22015241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 67 strains were isolated from two fermented condiments from Burkina Faso: Soumbala and Bikalga. Phenotypical methods, biochemical tests and molecular approaches were used to determinate their genus or species. Twenty-two of them belong to the Bacillus genus. Six strains were selected for their antibacterial or antifungal properties. Their ability to produce lipopeptides synthesized by Non Ribosomal Peptide Synthetases was investigated using two different approaches: PCR with specific degenerated primers and Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-ToF MS) performed on whole cells cultivated on a solid medium. PCR revealed that the six strains contain genes involved in the biosynthesis of surfactins whereas surfactins C₁₄ and C₁₅ were only detected by MALDI-ToF MS in two of the six strains. For the first time, the presence of surfactins C₁₄ and C₁₅ was also identified by MALDI-ToF MS analyses directly performed on Soumbala methanolic crude extracts. The structure of these compounds was confirmed by +MS2 and +MS3 of sample and reference surfactins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Savadogo
- CRSBAN, UFR-SVT-Université de Ouagadougou, BP 7021, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jia X, Li S, Xie S, Wen J. Engineering a metabolic pathway for isobutanol biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 168:1-9. [PMID: 21537892 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Isobutanol can be biosynthesized via α-ketoisovalerate catalyzed by heterologous keto acid decarboxylase (KDC) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). In this work, isobutanol biosynthesis pathway was designed in Bacillus subtilis, a notable solvent-tolerant host. In order to do that, a plasmid pPKA expressing KDC and ADH under the control of a B. subtilis strong promoter P(43) was constructed. Isobutanol was detected in the products of the recombinant B. subtilis harboring pPKA plasmid, whereas none was detected by the wild-type strain. Effects of the medium ingredients such as glucose concentration and valine addition, and operating parameters such as initial pH, inoculation volume, and medium work volume on isobutanol production were also investigated. Isobutanol production reached to the maximum of 0.607 g/L after 35-h cultivation under the conditions: glucose concentration of 3%, valine addition of 2%, initial pH of 7.0, inoculum of 1%, and work volume of 50 mL/250 mL. Though the isobutanol production by the recombinant was low, it was the first successful attempt to produce isobutanol in engineered B. subtilis, and the results showed its great potential as an isobutanol-producing cell factory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Jia
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
|