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Wang HY, Valencia SM, Pfeifer SP, Jensen JD, Kowalik TF, Permar SR. Common Polymorphisms in the Glycoproteins of Human Cytomegalovirus and Associated Strain-Specific Immunity. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061106. [PMID: 34207868 PMCID: PMC8227702 DOI: 10.3390/v13061106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), one of the most prevalent viruses across the globe, is a common cause of morbidity and mortality for immunocompromised individuals. Recent clinical observations have demonstrated that mixed strain infections are common and may lead to more severe disease progression. This clinical observation illustrates the complexity of the HCMV genome and emphasizes the importance of taking a population-level view of genotypic evolution. Here we review frequently sampled polymorphisms in the glycoproteins of HCMV, comparing the variable regions, and summarizing their corresponding geographic distributions observed to date. The related strain-specific immunity, including neutralization activity and antigen-specific cellular immunity, is also discussed. Given that these glycoproteins are common targets for vaccine design and anti-viral therapies, this observed genetic variation represents an important resource for future efforts to combat HCMV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Yuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Sarah M. Valencia
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Susanne P. Pfeifer
- Center for Evolution & Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (S.P.P.); (J.D.J.)
| | - Jeffrey D. Jensen
- Center for Evolution & Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (S.P.P.); (J.D.J.)
| | - Timothy F. Kowalik
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA;
| | - Sallie R. Permar
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-212-746-4111
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Min X, Wang L, Cui A, Zhang C, Wang D, Liu Y, Li Z, Xu W. The nucleic acid positive rate and genotype distribution of human cytomegalovirus in human milk banks in China. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1099-1107. [PMID: 32152788 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04573-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To determine the status of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in human milk in China, a total of 510 human milk samples obtained from three provinces, including 211 donor human milk samples from human milk banks and 299 milk samples obtained from the mothers of premature infants, were tested to detect HCMV DNA. Overall, 46.4% of the donated milk samples and 59.2% of the samples obtained from mothers of premature infants were positive for HCMV DNA. The concentration of HCMV DNA was approximately 103 -104 copies/ml in the HCMV-DNA-positive human milk samples. Based on the nucleotide sequence of a 299- to 305-bp fragment of the glycoprotein B (gB) gene, three HCMV genotypes (gB1, gB2 and gB3) were identified in human milk samples. Mixed infection with genotypes gB1 and gB3 was also found in four milk samples from mothers. Genotype gB1 was the predominant genotype in the HCMV-DNA-positive human milk samples, and it could be subdivided into three lineages. There were also some characteristic nucleotides and amino acids in the three HCMV genotypes, which were helpful for distinguishing the genotypes. This is the first study to clarify the HCMV infection status and genetic characteristics of human milk obtained from banks in China, which will be helpful in preventing postnatal HCMV infections and ensuring the safety of human milk banks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Min
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Aili Cui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases (National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunli Zhang
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Huhhot, 010017, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases (National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenbo Xu
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, Anhui, People's Republic of China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases (National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
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Moazen B, Ebrahimi E, Nejatollahi F. Single Chain Antibodies Against gp55 of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) for Prophylaxis and Treatment of HCMV Infections. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e16241. [PMID: 27217918 PMCID: PMC4870390 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.16241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Immunotherapy is a promising prospective new treatment for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. Neutralizing effects have been reported using monoclonal antibodies. Recombinant single chain antibodies (scFvs) due to their advantages over monoclonal antibodies are potential alternatives and provide valuable clinical agents. Objectives: The aim of this study was to select specific single chain antibodies against gp55 of CMV and to evaluate their neutralizing effects. In the present study, we selected specific single chain antibodies against glycoprotein 55 (gp55) of CMV for their use in treatment and diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Single chain antibodies specific against an epitope located in the C-terminal part of gp55 were selected from a phage antibody display library. After four rounds of panning, twenty clones were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fingerprinted by MvaI restriction enzyme. The reactivities of the specific clones were tested by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the neutralizing effects were evaluated by the plaque reduction assay. Results: Fingerprinting of selected clones revealed three specific single chain antibodies (scFv1, scFv2 and scFv3) with frequencies 25%, 20 and 20%. The clones produced positive ELISA with the corresponding peptide. The percentages of plaque reduction for scFv1, scFv2 and scFv3 were 23.7, 68.8 and 11.6, respectively. Conclusions: Gp55 of human CMV is considered as an important candidate for immunotherapy. In this study, we selected three specific clones against gp55. The scFvs reacted only with the corresponding peptide in a positive ELISA. The scFv2 with 68.8% neutralizing effect showed the potential to be considered for prophylaxis and treatment of CMV infections, especially in solid organ transplant recipients, for whom treatment of CMV is urgently needed. The scFv2 with neutralizing effect of 68.8%, has the potential to be considered for treatment of these patients. The specific scFv1 and scFv3 with lower neutralizing effects can be used for diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Moazen
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Elahe Ebrahimi
- Department of Immunology, Recombinant Antibody Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Foroogh Nejatollahi
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Department of Immunology, Recombinant Antibody Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Foroogh Nejatollahi, Department of Immunology, Recombinant Antibody Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-7112351575, Fax: +98-7112351575, E-mail:
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Bianchi E, Roncarati P, Hougrand O, Guérin-El Khourouj V, Boreux R, Kroonen J, Martin D, Robe P, Rogister B, Delvenne P, Deprez M. Human cytomegalovirus and primary intracranial tumours: frequency of tumour infection and lack of correlation with systemic immune anti-viral responses. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 41:e29-40. [PMID: 25041908 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous beta human herpesvirus able to influence infected cell survival and proliferation and to modulate the host immune response. As there is accumulating evidence that HCMV is detected in primary intracranial astrocytic tumours, in this study we looked for the presence of HCMV in intracranial tumours and tried to correlate this eventual presence with the anti-HCMV systemic immunoreactivity and with the detection of HCMV in peripheral blood. METHODS In this study, we analysed 43 glioblastomas (GBM), 14 oligodendrogliomas (OL) and 20 meningiomas (MG) by immunofluorescence (IF) targeting HCMV immediate early antigen (IE1) and by nested PCR (nPCR) amplifying HCMV glycoprotein B (gB). RESULTS Detection of IE1 by IF showed the presence of HCMV in 70% of GBM, 57% of OL and 85% of MG, in contrast to gB nPCR, which detected HCMV in only 50% of GBM, 38% of OL and 46% of MG. Unexpectedly, HCMV DNA and antigens were detected within GBM, OL and MG of patients that exhibit negative viral serology. More surprisingly, PCR on the peripheral blood did not detect HCMV in patients with a HCMV-positive tumour. CONCLUSIONS Our results are in agreement with previous observations demonstrating HCMV in glial tumours and highlight the presence of HCMV in meningiomas. We also showed that anti-HCMV specific systemic immunoreactivity and detection of HCMV in peripheral blood are not predictive of HCMV presence in primary intracranial tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bianchi
- Department of Anatomopathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, University Hospital, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; GIGA-Neurosciences Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Gonzalez-Sanchez HM, Alvarado-Hernandez DL, Guerra-Palomares S, Garcia-Sepulveda CA, Noyola DE. Cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B genotypes in Mexican children and women. Intervirology 2015; 58:115-21. [PMID: 25833320 DOI: 10.1159/000373922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is widely distributed and constitutes the main cause of congenital infections worldwide. CMV transmission during pregnancy represents one of the major impacts of this virus on public health. This study aimed at assessing glycoprotein B (gB) CMV genotypes in Mexican children and pregnant women, since there is limited information regarding CMV genomic diversity in Mexico. METHODS We analyzed CMV strains detected in Mexican children (n = 38) and women (n = 38) between 2001 and 2012. A fragment of the gB gene was amplified and sequenced, and genotypes were defined based on prototype sequences. RESULTS The gB1 genotype was detected more frequently in children (68.4%) compared to women (31.6%; p = 0.0028), while genotype 2 was more common in women (65.8%) compared to children (26.3%, p = 0.0012). Genotype 3 was uncommon in both groups (5.3 and 2.6%). Nucleotide sequences exhibited a high degree of similarity to prototype strains. However, we identified 17 distinct sequences that resulted in changes in the encoded amino acid sequence in four strains. CONCLUSIONS gB1 and gB2 are the most common strains associated with CMV infection in Mexican children and women. In addition, we found that the frequency for each genotype differed amongst them, possibly due to variability in transmission or reactivation dynamics.
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Shedlock DJ, Talbott KT, Wu SJ, Wilson CM, Muthumani K, Boyer JD, Sardesai NY, Awasthi S, Weiner DB. Vaccination with synthetic constructs expressing cytomegalovirus immunogens is highly T cell immunogenic in mice. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2012; 8:1668-81. [PMID: 23151448 DOI: 10.4161/hv.22447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no licensed vaccine or cure for human cytomegalovirus (CMV), a ubiquitous β-herpesvirus infecting 60-95% of adults worldwide. Infection can cause congenital abnormalities, result in severe disease in immunocompromised patients, and is a major impediment during successful organ transplantation. In addition, it has been associated with numerous inflammatory diseases and cancers, as well as being implicated in the development of essential hypertension, a major risk factor for heart disease. To date, limited data regarding the identification of immunogenic viral targets has frustrated CMV vaccine development. Based upon promising clinical data suggesting an important role for T cells in protecting against disease in the transplantation setting, we designed a novel panel of highly-optimized synthetic vaccines encoding major CMV proteins and evaluated their immune potential in murine studies. Vaccination induced robust CD8+ and CD4+ T cells of great epitopic breadth as extensively analyzed using a novel modified T cell assay described herein. Together with improved levels of CMV-specific T cells as driven by a vaccine, further immune evaluation of each target is warranted. The present model provides an important tool for guiding future immunization strategies against CMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon J Shedlock
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
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