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Maglione R, Ciotola M, Cadieux M, Toussaint V, Laforest M, Kembel SW. Winter Rye Cover Crops Shelter Competent Squash Phyllosphere Bacteria to Reduce Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans Growth and Angular Leaf Spot Symptoms. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024:PHYTO08220291R. [PMID: 38648089 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-22-0291-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Cover crops, a soil conservation practice, can contribute to reducing disease pressure caused by Pseudomonas syringae, considered one of the most important bacterial plant pathogens. We recently demonstrated that the phyllosphere (leaf surface) bacterial community structure changed when squash (Cucurbita pepo) was grown with a rye (Secale cereale) cover crop treatment, followed by a decrease of angular leaf spot disease symptoms on squash caused by P. syringae pv. lachrymans. Application of biocontrol agents is a known agricultural practice to mitigate crop losses due to microbial disease. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that some phyllosphere bacteria promoted when squash is grown on cover crops could be isolated and used as a biocontrol agent to decrease angular leaf spot symptoms. We grew squash during a 2-year field experiment using four agricultural practices: bare soil, cover crops, chemically terminated cover crops, and plastic cover. We sampled squash leaves at three different dates each year and constructed a collection of cultivable bacterial strains isolated from squash leaves and rye cover crop material. Each isolated strain was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and used in in vitro (Petri dish) pathogen growth and in vivo (greenhouse) symptom control assays. Four bacterial isolates belonging to the genera Pseudarthrobacter, Pseudomonas, Delftia, and Rhizobium were shown to inhibit P. syringae pv. lachrymans growth and angular leaf spot symptom development. Strikingly, the symptom control efficacy of all strains was stronger on older leaves. This study sheds light on the importance of bacterial isolation from cover crop sources to promote disease control. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Maglione
- Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Ciotola
- Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Cadieux
- Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
| | - Vicky Toussaint
- Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Laforest
- Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
| | - Steven W Kembel
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, QC, Canada
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Dhar SK, Kaur J, Singh GB, Chauhan A, Tamang J, Lakhara N, Asyakina L, Atuchin V, Mudgal G, Abdi G. Novel Bacillus and Prestia isolates from Dwarf century plant enhance crop yield and salinity tolerance. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14645. [PMID: 38918548 PMCID: PMC11199671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major environmental stressor impacting global food production. Staple crops like wheat experience significant yield losses in saline environments. Bioprospecting for beneficial microbes associated with stress-resistant plants offers a promising strategy for sustainable agriculture. We isolated two novel endophytic bacteria, Bacillus cereus (ADJ1) and Priestia aryabhattai (ADJ6), from Agave desmettiana Jacobi. Both strains displayed potent plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, such as producing high amounts of indole-3-acetic acid (9.46, 10.00 µgml-1), ammonia (64.67, 108.97 µmol ml-1), zinc solubilization (Index of 3.33, 4.22, respectively), ACC deaminase production and biofilm formation. ADJ6 additionally showed inorganic phosphate solubilization (PSI of 2.77), atmospheric nitrogen fixation, and hydrogen cyanide production. Wheat seeds primed with these endophytes exhibited enhanced germination, improved growth profiles, and significantly increased yields in field trials. Notably, both ADJ1 and ADJ6 tolerated high salinity (up to 1.03 M) and significantly improved wheat germination and seedling growth under saline stress, acting both independently and synergistically. This study reveals promising stress-tolerance traits within endophytic bacteria from A. desmettiana. Exploiting such under-explored plant microbiomes offers a sustainable approach to developing salt-tolerant crops, mitigating the impact of climate change-induced salinization on global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Kumar Dhar
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Gajendra Bahadur Singh
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Arjun Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, 281406, India
| | - Jeewan Tamang
- University Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
- Khaniyabas Rural Municipality, Province 3, Dhading, Bagmati Zone, 45100, Nepal
| | - Nikita Lakhara
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Lyudmila Asyakina
- Laboratory for Phytoremediation of Technogenically Disturbed Ecosystems, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street, 6, Kemerovo, Russia, 650000
| | - Victor Atuchin
- Laboratory of Optical Materials and Structures, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
- Research and Development Department, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russia, 650000
- Department of Industrial Machinery Design, Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630073
- R&D Center "Advanced Electronic Technologies", Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia, 634034
| | - Gaurav Mudgal
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India.
- Center for Waste Management and Renewable Energy, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India.
| | - Gholamreza Abdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran.
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Kumar A, Solanki MK, Wang Z, Solanki AC, Singh VK, Divvela PK. Revealing the seed microbiome: Navigating sequencing tools, microbial assembly, and functions to amplify plant fitness. Microbiol Res 2024; 279:127549. [PMID: 38056172 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities within seeds play a vital role in transmitting themselves to the next generation of plants. These microorganisms significantly impact seed vigor and early seedling growth, for successful crop establishment. Previous studies reported on seed-associated microbial communities and their influence on processes like dormancy release, germination, and disease protection. Modern sequencing and conventional methods reveal microbial community structures and environmental impacts, these information helps in microbial selection and manipulation. These studies form the foundation for using seed microbiomes to enhance crop resilience and productivity. While existing research has primarily focused on characterizing microbiota in dried mature seeds, a significant gap exists in understanding how these microbial communities assemble during seed development. The review also discusses applying seed-associated microorganisms to improve crops in the context of climate change. However, limited knowledge is available about the microbial assembly pattern on seeds, and their impact on plant growth. The review provides insight into microbial composition, functions, and significance for plant health, particularly regarding growth promotion and pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Solanki
- Department of Life Sciences and Biological Sciences, IES University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India; Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Zhen Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Agricultural College, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Anjali Chandrol Solanki
- Department of Agriculture, Mansarover Global University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462042, India
| | - Vipin Kumar Singh
- Department of Botany, K.S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya 224123, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Shen Y, Liu Y, Du Y, Wang X, Guan J, Jia X, Xu F, Song Z, Gao H, Zhang B, Guo P. Transfer of antibiotic resistance genes from soil to wheat: Role of host bacteria, impact on seed-derived bacteria, and affecting factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167279. [PMID: 37741386 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
The transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from soils to plants is poorly understood, especially the role of host bacteria in soils and its impact on seed-derived bacteria. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was thus used to fill the gap by conducting pot experiments, with target ARGs and bacterial community analyzed. Results showed that the relative abundances of target ARGs gradually decreased during transfer of ARGs from the rhizosphere soil to root and shoot. Host bacteria in the rhizosphere soil were the primary source of ARGs in wheat. The 38, 21, and 19 potential host bacterial genera of target ARGs and intI1 in the rhizosphere soil, root, and shoot were identified, respectively, and they mainly belonged to phylum Proteobacteria. The abundance of ARGs carried by pathogenic Corynebacterium was reduced in sequence. During transfer of ARGs from the rhizosphere soil to root and shoot, some seed-derived bacteria and pathogenic Acinetobacter obtained ARGs through horizontal gene transfer and became potential host bacteria. Furthermore, total organic carbon, available nitrogen of the rhizosphere soil, water use efficiency, vapor pressure deficit, and superoxide dismutase of plants were identified as the key factors affecting potential host bacteria transfer in soils to wheat. This work provides important insights into transfer of ARGs and deepens our understanding of potential health risks of ARGs from soils to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Shen
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Yibo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Yutong Du
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Jiunian Guan
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Fukai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Ziwei Song
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Hongjie Gao
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, PR China.
| | - Baiyu Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
| | - Ping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
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Yan Z, Meng H, Zhang Q, Bi Y, Gao X, Lei Y. Effects of cadmium and flooding on the formation of iron plaques, the rhizosphere bacterial community structure, and root exudates in Kandelia obovata seedlings. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158190. [PMID: 35995174 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the rhizosphere, plant root exudates (REs) serve as a bridge between plant and soil functional microorganisms, which play a key role in the redox cycle of iron (Fe). This study examined the effects of periodic flooding and cadmium (Cd) on plant REs, the rhizosphere bacterial community structure, and the formation of root Fe plaques in the typical mangrove plant Kandelia obovata, as well as the relationship between REs and Fe redox cycling bacteria. Based on two-way analysis of variance, flooding and Cd had a considerable effect on the REs of K. obovata. DOC, NH4+-N, NO3--N, dissolved inorganic phosphorus, acetic acid, and malonic acid concentrations in REs of K. obovata increased considerably with the increase of Cd concentration under 5 and 10 h flooding conditions. Fe plaque development in the plant root was stimulated by flooding and Cd, although flooding was more effective. After Cd treatment, the ways in which Fe-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) and Fe-reducing bacteria (FeRB) were enriched in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of plants were different. Thiobacillus and Sideroxydans (dominant FeOB) were more abundant in the plant rhizosphere, whereas Acinetobacter (dominant FeRB) was more abundant in the rhizoplane. Cd considerably decreased the relative abundance of unclassified_f_Gallionellaceae in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane but dramatically enhanced the relative abundance of Thiobacillus, Shewanella, and unclassified_f_Geobacteraceae. Unclassified_f_Geobacteraceae and Thiobacillus exhibited substantial positive correlations with citric acid and DOC in REs in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane but strong negative correlations with Sideroxydans. The findings indicate that Cd and flooding treatments may play a role in the production and breakdown of Fe plaque in K. obovata roots by affecting the relative abundance of Fe redox cycling bacteria in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Huijie Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiqiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxin Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Swanson E, Sbissi I, Ktari A, Cherif-Silini H, Ghodhbane-Gtari F, Tisa LS, Gtari M. Decrypting phytomicrobiome of the neurotoxic actinorhizal species, Coriaria myrtifolia, and dispersal boundary of Frankia cluster 2 in soil outward compatible host rhizosphere. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1027317. [PMID: 36439809 PMCID: PMC9684332 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1027317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The actinorhizal plant, Coriaria myrtifolia, is a neurotoxic plant species endemic to the western Mediterranean area, which forms a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with members of Frankia cluster 2. Contrarily to other Frankia clusters, the occurrence and mode of dispersal for infective cluster 2 units outside of the host plant rhizosphere remains controversial. The present study was designed to investigate the structure of the microbiomes of C. myrtifolia phytosphere, rhizosphere, and soil samples extending outward linearly up to 1 km. Results showed that the epiphyte and endophyte communities were not significantly different from each other for most of the plant tissues. The communities associated with the below-ground tissues (nodule and root) were significantly different from those found on the above-ground tissues (fruit, leaves, and stems) and had a higher community richness. Coriaria myrtifolia phytomicrobiomes were dominated by Cyanobacteria for leaf, stem, and fruit while Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were dominant in the root and nodule organelles. The nodule, a special niche for nitrogen fixation, was mainly inhabited by Frankia but contained several non-Frankia bacteria. Beside Frankia cluster 2, the presence of clusters 1, 4, and large numbers of cluster 3 strains have been detected in nodules, roots, and rhizospheres of C. myrtifolia. Despite Frankia being found in all plots using plant trapping bioassays with C. myrtifolia seedlings, Frankia cluster 2 was not detected in soil metagenomes showing the limits of detection by this approach. This result also suggests that in the absence of appropriate host plant species, Frankia cluster 2 has a reduced number of infective units present in the soil outward from the rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Swanson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Imed Sbissi
- LR Ecologie Pastorale, Institut des Régions Arides, Médenine, Tunisia
| | - Amir Ktari
- USCR Bactériologie Moléculaire and Génomique, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées and de Technologie, Université de Carthage, Tunis Cedex, Tunisia
| | - Hafsa Cherif-Silini
- LR Microbiologie Appliquée, Département de Microbiologie, Faculté des Sciences Naturelles et de la Vie, Université Ferhat Abbas, Sétif, Algeria
| | - Faten Ghodhbane-Gtari
- USCR Bactériologie Moléculaire and Génomique, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées and de Technologie, Université de Carthage, Tunis Cedex, Tunisia
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sidi Thabet, Université de La Manouba, Biotechnopôle, Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Louis S. Tisa
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
- *Correspondence: Louis S. Tisa,
| | - Maher Gtari
- USCR Bactériologie Moléculaire and Génomique, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées and de Technologie, Université de Carthage, Tunis Cedex, Tunisia
- Maher Gtari,
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Pandey SS, Jain R, Bhardwaj P, Thakur A, Kumari M, Bhushan S, Kumar S. Plant Probiotics – Endophytes pivotal to plant health. Microbiol Res 2022; 263:127148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Yu Y, Chen Z, Xie H, Feng X, Wang Y, Xu P. Overhauling the Effect of Surface Sterilization on Analysis of Endophytes in Tea Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:849658. [PMID: 35592578 PMCID: PMC9111953 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.849658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that plant Endophytes play a crucial role in the fitness and productivity of hosts. Surface sterilization is an indispensable process before high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and tissue separation of plant endophytes, but its potential impact on the composition and diversity of endophytes has rarely been investigated. In the present work, the influence of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) on the diversity of endophytic bacteria and fungi in leaves and stems of tea plants was investigated. We found that the diversity of bacterial endophytes was significantly affected by the concentration of NaClO as well as the pretreatment time. Pretreatment with 0.5% NaClO for 8 min and 2.0% NaClO for 3 min were suitable for the tea plant leaves and stems, respectively, but the effects of NaClO on the diversity of fungal endophytes were limited according to the results from HTS. Regardless of NaClO sterilization, most of the endophytes in tissues, such as the dominant taxa, could not be Isolated by using the regular culture-dependent approaches. Collectively, our results demonstrated that the pretreatment with NaClO should be modified to precisely understand the diversity of endophytes from different tissues of tea plants and also indicate that more attention should be paid to establish specific culture-dependent protocols for the isolation of plant endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueer Yu
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zimeng Chen
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hengtong Xie
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Feng
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
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Padda KP, Puri A, Nguyen NK, Philpott TJ, Chanway CP. Evaluating the rhizospheric and endophytic bacterial microbiome of pioneering pines in an aggregate mining ecosystem post-disturbance. PLANT AND SOIL 2022; 474:213-232. [PMID: 35698622 PMCID: PMC9184430 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-022-05327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Despite little soil development and organic matter accumulation, lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) consistently shows vigorous growth on bare gravel substrate of aggregate mining pits in parts of Canadian sub-boreal forests. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial microbiome of lodgepole pine trees growing at an unreclaimed gravel pit in central British Columbia and suggest their potential role in tree growth and survival following mining activity. METHODS We characterized the diversity, taxonomic composition, and relative abundance of bacterial communities in rhizosphere and endosphere niches of pine trees regenerating at the gravel pit along with comparing them with a nearby undisturbed forested site using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Additionally, the soil and plant nutrient contents at both sites were also analyzed. RESULTS Although soil N-content at the gravel pit was drastically lower than the forest site, pine tissue N-levels at both sites were identical. Beta-diversity was affected by site and niche-type, signifying that the diversity of bacterial communities harboured by pine trees was different between both sites and among various plant-niches. Bacterial alpha-diversity was comparable at both sites but differed significantly between belowground and aboveground plant-niches. In terms of composition, pine trees predominantly associated with taxa that appear plant-beneficial including phylotypes of Rhizobiaceae, Acetobacteraceae, and Beijerinckiaceae at the gravel pit and Xanthobacteraceae, Acetobacteraceae, Beijerinckiaceae and Acidobacteriaceae at the forest site. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that, following mining activity, regenerating pine trees recruit bacterial communities that could be plant-beneficial and support pine growth in an otherwise severely N-limited disturbed environment. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11104-022-05327-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Preet Padda
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Akshit Puri
- Present Address: School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | - Timothy J. Philpott
- British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, Williams Lake, BC Canada
| | - Chris P. Chanway
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
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Effect of soil chemical fertilization on the diversity and composition of the tomato endophytic diazotrophic community at different stages of growth. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1965-1975. [PMID: 32895888 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to gain a more comprehensive and perspicacious view of the endophytic diazotrophic community (EDC) of tomato plant bacteria and assess the effects of chemical fertilization and the plant phenologic stage on the status of those microbes. When the EDC of stem and roots from tomato plants grown in a greenhouse with and without exogenous chemical fertilization was examined by pyrosequencing the nifH gene during the growth cycle, a high taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity was observed. The abundant taxa were related to ubiquitous endophytes such as Rhizobium or Burkholderia but also involved anaerobic members usually restricted to flooded plant tissues, such as Clostridium, Geobacter, and Desulfovibrio. The EDC composition appeared to be dynamic during the growth phase of the tomato, with the structure of the community at the early stages of growth displaying major differences from the late stages. Inorganic fertilization negatively affected the diversity and modified the profile of the predominant components of the EDC in the different growth stages. Populations such as Burkholderia and Geobacter plus the Cyanobacteria appeared particularly affected by fertilization.Our work demonstrates an extensive endophytic diazotrophic diversity, suggesting a high potential for nitrogen fixation. The effect of the phenologic stage and inorganic-chemical soil fertilization on the community structure indicated a dynamic community that responded to environmental changes. These findings contribute to a better understanding of endophytic associations that could be helpful in assisting to shape the endomicrobiome that provides essential benefits to crops.
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Endophytic bacteria naturally inhabiting commercial maize seeds occupy different niches and are efficient plant growth-promoting agents. Symbiosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-020-00701-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Pantoea spp. Associated with Smooth Crabgrass ( Digitaria ischaemum) Seed Inhibit Competitor Plant Species. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7050143. [PMID: 31117261 PMCID: PMC6560401 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7050143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl. and Poa annua L. are competitive, early successional species which are usually considered weeds in agricultural and turfgrass systems. Bacteria and fungi associated with D. ischaemum and P. annua seed may contribute to their competitiveness by antagonizing competitor forbs, and were studied in axenic culture. Pantoea spp. were the most common bacterial isolate of D. ischaemum seed, while Epicoccum and Curvularia spp. were common fungal isolates. A variety of species were collected from non-surface sterilized P. annua. Certain Pantoea spp. isolates were antagonistic to competitor forbs Taraxacum officinale, Trifolium repens. All bacterial isolates that affected T. officinale mortality were isolated from D. ischaemum seed while none of the P. annua isolates affected mortality. Two selected bacterial isolates identified as Pantoea ananatis were evaluated further on D. ischaemum, T. repens (a competitor forb) and P. annua (a competitor grass) alone and in combination with a Curvularia sp. fungus. These bacteria alone caused >65% T. repens seedling mortality but did not affect P. annua seedling mortality. These experiments demonstrate that Pantoea ananatis associated with D. ischaemum seeds is antagonistic to competitor forbs in axenic culture. The weedy character of D. ischaemum could at least in part stem from the possession of bacteria that are antagonistic to competitor species.
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Ren F, Dong W, Yan DH. Endophytic bacterial communities of Jingbai Pear trees in north China analyzed with Illumina sequencing of 16S rDNA. Arch Microbiol 2018; 201:199-208. [PMID: 30506399 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-018-1597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant endophytes play a crucial role in plant growth, health and ecological function. Jingbai pear (the best quality cultivar of Pyrus ussuriensi Maxim. ex Rupr.) has important ecological and economic value in north China. Conversation of its genetics has great meanings to pear genus (Pyrus L.). However, the bacterial community associated with the cultivar remains unknown. In this study, the structure of endophytic bacterial communities associated with different tissues and soil of Jingbai Pear trees was analyzed with Illumina Miseq sequencing of bacterial 16S rDNA. This is the first report on bacterial microbiome associated with Jingbai pear. Our results demonstrated that different tissues harbored a unique bacterial assemblage. Interestingly, Cyanobacteria was the most abundant phylum, followed by Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Samples from three different sites (soils) had significant differences in microbial communities structure. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the bacterial community structure correlated significantly with soil properties-temperature, pH, nitrogen and carbon contents. The conclusion could facilitate to understand the interaction and ecological function of endophytic bacteria with host Jingbai pear trees, so as to benefit the pear variety genetic resource conservation and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ren
- Forestry Experiment Center in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 102300, China.
| | - Wei Dong
- China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Dong-Hui Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Forest Protection Affiliated to State Forestry Administration of China, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Analysis of Bacterial Communities in White Clover Seeds via High-Throughput Sequencing of 16S rRNA Gene. Curr Microbiol 2018; 76:187-193. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-018-1607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Shahzad R, Khan AL, Bilal S, Asaf S, Lee IJ. What Is There in Seeds? Vertically Transmitted Endophytic Resources for Sustainable Improvement in Plant Growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:24. [PMID: 29410675 PMCID: PMC5787091 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Phytobeneficial microbes, particularly endophytes, such as fungi and bacteria, are concomitant partners of plants throughout its developmental stages, including seed germination, root and stem growth, and fruiting. Endophytic microbes have been identified in plants that grow in a wide array of habitats; however, seed-borne endophytic microbes have not been fully explored yet. Seed-borne endophytes are of great interest because of their vertical transmission; their potential to produce various phytohormones, enzymes, antimicrobial compounds, and other secondary metabolites; and improve plant biomass and yield under biotic and abiotic stresses. This review addresses the current knowledge on endophytes, their ability to produce metabolites, and their influence on plant growth and stress mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheem Shahzad
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Abdul L. Khan
- Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Saqib Bilal
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Transmission of Bacterial Endophytes. Microorganisms 2017; 5:microorganisms5040070. [PMID: 29125552 PMCID: PMC5748579 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are hosts to complex communities of endophytic bacteria that colonize the interior of both below- and aboveground tissues. Bacteria living inside plant tissues as endophytes can be horizontally acquired from the environment with each new generation, or vertically transmitted from generation to generation via seed. A better understanding of bacterial endophyte transmission routes and modes will benefit studies of plant–endophyte interactions in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. In this review, we provide an overview of the transmission routes that bacteria can take to colonize plants, including vertically via seeds and pollen, and horizontally via soil, atmosphere, and insects. We discuss both well-documented and understudied transmission routes, and identify gaps in our knowledge on how bacteria reach the inside of plants. Where little knowledge is available on endophytes, we draw from studies on bacterial plant pathogens to discuss potential transmission routes. Colonization of roots from soil is the best studied transmission route, and probably the most important, although more studies of transmission to aerial parts and stomatal colonization are needed, as are studies that conclusively confirm vertical transfer. While vertical transfer of bacterial endophytes likely occurs, obligate and strictly vertically transferred symbioses with bacteria are probably unusual in plants. Instead, plants appear to benefit from the ability to respond to a changing environment by acquiring its endophytic microbiome anew with each generation, and over the lifetime of individuals.
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Gundel PE, Rudgers JA, Whitney KD. Vertically transmitted symbionts as mechanisms of transgenerational effects. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2017; 104:787-792. [PMID: 28515076 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1700036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY A transgenerational effect occurs when a biotic or abiotic environmental factor acts on a parental individual and thereby affects the phenotype of progeny. Due to the importance of transgenerational effects for understanding plant ecology and evolution, their underlying mechanisms are of general interest. Here, we introduce the concept that inherited symbiotic microorganisms could act as mechanisms of transgenerational effects in plants. METHODS We define the criteria required to demonstrate that transgenerational effects are microbially mediated and review evidence from the well-studied, vertically transmitted plant-fungal symbiosis (grass-Epichloë spp.) in support of such effects. We also propose a basic experimental design to test for the presence of adaptive transgenerational effects mediated by plant symbionts. KEY RESULTS An increasingly large body of literature shows that vertically transmitted microorganisms are common in plants, with potential to affect the phenotypes and fitness of progeny. Transgenerational effects could occur via parental modification of symbiont presence/absence, symbiont load, symbiont products, symbiont genotype or species composition, or symbiont priming. Several of these mechanisms appear likely in the grass-Epichloë endophytic symbiosis, as there is variation in the proportion of the progeny that carries the fungus, as well as variation in concentrations of mycelia and secondary compounds (alkaloids and osmolytes) in the seed. CONCLUSIONS Symbiont-mediated transgenerational effects could be common in plants and could play large roles in plant adaptation to changing environments, but definitive tests are needed. We hope our contribution will spark new lines of research on the transgenerational effects of vertically transmitted symbionts in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro E Gundel
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jennifer A Rudgers
- Department of Biology, MSC03-2020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 USA
| | - Kenneth D Whitney
- Department of Biology, MSC03-2020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 USA
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Rector BG, Czarnoleski M, Skoracka A, Lembicz M. Change in abundance of three phytophagous mite species (Acari: Eriophyidae, Tetranychidae) on quackgrass in the presence of choke disease. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2016; 70:35-43. [PMID: 27388448 PMCID: PMC4985533 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-016-0060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phytophagous mites and endophytic fungi may interact when sharing a host plant, potentially influencing one another's growth or population dynamics; however, interactions between them are poorly known and remain largely unexplored. In this study, quantitative associations between three species of phytophagous mites and the endophytic fungus Epichloë bromicola Leuchtm. & Schardl (Clavicipitaceae, Ascomycotina) on quackgrass, Elymus repens (L.) Gould are reported. The mites' abundance was assessed on field-collected grass shoots that were either exhibiting choke disease symptoms or without the fungus. Overall, the abundance of Tetranychus urticae and Aculodes mckenziei was significantly lower on quackgrass plants infected by E. bromicola compared to plants without the fungus. Conversely, populations of Abacarus hystrix were significantly larger on plants colonised by the fungus than on uninfected plants. Thus, the presence of this endophytic fungus may have divergent effects on different phytophagous mite species although the basis of these effects is not yet known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Rector
- USDA-ARS, Great Basin Rangelands Research Unit, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Marcin Czarnoleski
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Skoracka
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology & Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Marlena Lembicz
- Department of Plant Taxonomy, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
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Díaz Herrera S, Grossi C, Zawoznik M, Groppa MD. Wheat seeds harbour bacterial endophytes with potential as plant growth promoters and biocontrol agents of Fusarium graminearum. Microbiol Res 2016; 186-187:37-43. [PMID: 27242141 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of endophytic communities of seeds is still poorly characterised. The purpose of this work was to survey the presence of bacterial endophytes in the seeds of a commercial wheat cultivar widely sown in Argentina and to look for plant growth promotion features and biocontrol abilities against Fusarium graminearum among them. Six isolates were obtained from wheat seeds following a culture-dependent protocol. Four isolates were assignated to Paenibacillus genus according to their 16S rRNA sequencing. The only gammaproteobacteria isolated, presumably an Enterobactereaceae of Pantoea genus, was particularly active as IAA and siderophore producer, and also solubilised phosphate and was the only one that grew on N-free medium. Several of these isolates demonstrated ability to restrain F. graminearum growth on dual culture and in a bioassay using barley and wheat kernels. An outstanding ability to form biofilm on an inert surface was corroborated for those Paenibacillus which displayed greater biocontrol of F. graminearum, and the inoculation with one of these isolates in combination with the Pantoea isolate resulted in greater chlorophyll content in barley seedlings. Our results show a significant ecological potential of some components of the wheat seed endophytic community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Díaz Herrera
- Cátedra de Química Biológica Vegetal, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires, Argentina; IQUIFIB, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Grossi
- Cátedra de Química Biológica Vegetal, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Myriam Zawoznik
- Cátedra de Química Biológica Vegetal, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Daniela Groppa
- Cátedra de Química Biológica Vegetal, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires, Argentina; IQUIFIB, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Pitzschke A. Developmental Peculiarities and Seed-Borne Endophytes in Quinoa: Omnipresent, Robust Bacilli Contribute to Plant Fitness. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2. [PMID: 26834724 PMCID: PMC4722091 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Among potential climate change-adapted crops for future agriculture, quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), a facultative halophyte plant with exceptional nutritional properties, stands out as a prime candidate. This work examined how quinoa deals with extreme situations during seed rehydration. Quinoa distinguishes itself from other plants in multiple ways. It germinates within minutes, even under extremely hostile conditions. Broken seeds/split embryos are able to regenerate. Furthermore, quinoa seedlings are resurrection-competent. These peculiarities became in part explainable upon discovery of seed-borne microorganisms. 100% of quinoa seeds, from different sources, are inhabited by diverse members of the genus Bacillus. These endophytes are motile and reside in all seedling organs, indicating vertical transmission. Owing to their high catalase activities and superoxide contents the bacteria potentially manipulate the host's redox status. Superoxide-driven cell expansion enables quinoa to overcome a critical period in development, seedling establishment. Quinoa's immediate confrontation with "foreign" reactive oxygen species and bacterial elicitors likely induces a naturally primed state, enabling plants to withstand extreme situations. The endophytic bacteria, which are cultivable and highly robust themselves, have high potential for application in agriculture, food (amylase) and cosmetics (catalase) industry. This work also discusses the potential of transferring quinoa's microbiome to improve stress resistance in other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pitzschke
- Division of Plant Physiology, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg Salzburg, Austria
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Hong Y, Liao D, Hu A, Wang H, Chen J, Khan S, Su J, Li H. Diversity of endophytic and rhizoplane bacterial communities associated with exotic Spartina alterniflora and native mangrove using Illumina amplicon sequencing. Can J Microbiol 2015. [PMID: 26223001 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2015-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Root-associated microbial communities are very important for biogeochemical cycles in wetland ecosystems and help to elaborate the mechanisms of plant invasions. In the estuary of Jiulong River (China), Spartina alterniflora has widely invaded Kandelia obovata-dominated habitats, offering an opportunity to study the influence of root-associated bacteria. The community structures of endophytic and rhizosphere bacteria associated with selected plant species were investigated using the barcoded Illumina paired-end sequencing technique. The diversity indices of bacteria associated with the roots of S. alterniflora were higher than those of the transition stands and K. obovata monoculture. Using principal coordinate analysis with UniFrac metrics, the comparison of β-diversity showed that all samples could be significantly clustered into 3 major groups, according to the bacteria communities of origin. Four phyla, namely Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes, were enriched in the rhizoplane of both salt marsh plants, while they shared higher abundances of Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria among endophytic bacteria. Members of the phyla Spirochaetes and Chloroflexi were found among the endophytic bacteria of S. alterniflora and K. obovata, respectively. One of the interesting findings was that endophytes were more sensitive in response to plant invasion than were rhizosphere bacteria. With linear discriminate analysis, we found some predominant rhizoplane and endophytic bacteria, including Methylococcales, Pseudoalteromonadacea, Clostridium, Vibrio, and Desulfovibrio, which have the potential to affect the carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles. Thus, the results provide clues to the isolation of functional bacteria and the effects of root-associated microbial groups on S. alterniflora invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Hong
- a Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China.,b Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Dan Liao
- c Xiamen Huaxia College, Xiamen 361024, People's Republic of China
| | - Anyi Hu
- a Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Wang
- d College of Ecology and Resources Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan City 354300, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsheng Chen
- a Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Sardar Khan
- e Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Jianqiang Su
- a Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Li
- a Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China.,f University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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Lopez-Velasco G, Carder PA, Welbaum GE, Ponder MA. Diversity of the spinach (Spinacia oleracea) spermosphere and phyllosphere bacterial communities. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2013; 346:146-54. [PMID: 23859062 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial diversity of seeds, transmission of bacteria from seed to phyllosphere, and fate of seed-transmitted bacteria on mature plants are poorly characterized. Understanding the dynamics of microbial communities is important for finding bio-control or mitigation strategies for human and plant pathogens. Bacterial populations colonizing spermosphere and phyllosphere of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) seedlings and plants were characterized using pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Spinach seed microbiota was composed of three bacterial phyla: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, belonging to > 250 different operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Seed and cotyledon bacterial communities were similar in richness and diversity. Richness of 3-4 leaf-stage of development plants increased markedly to > 850 OTUs classified within 11 phyla. Although some bacterial OTUs were detected on seeds, cotyledons and plants, the breadth of new sequences indicates the importance of multiple sources outside the seed in shaping phyllosphere community. Most classified sequences were from previously undescribed taxa, highlighting the benefits of pyrosequencing in describing seed diversity and phyllosphere bacterial communities. Bacterial community richness increased from 250 different OTUs for spinach seeds and cotyledons, to 800 OTUs for seedlings. To our knowledge this is the first comprehensive characterization of the spinach microbiome, complementing previous culture-based and clone library studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Lopez-Velasco
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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