1
|
Singh KK, Gupta A, Bharti C, Sharma H. Emerging techniques of western blotting for purification and analysis of protein. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00386-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Western blotting is frequently employed in molecular techniques like Proteomics and Biology. Because it is a sequential framework, differences and inaccuracies could even take place at any stage, decreasing this particular method's reproducibility and reliability.
Main text
New approaches, like automated microfluid western blotting, DigiWest, single cell resolution, microchip electrophoresis, and capillary electrophoresis, were all implemented to reduce the future conflicts linked with the western blot analysis approach. Discovery of new in devices and higher susceptibility for western blots gives innovative opportunities to expand Western blot’s clinical relevance. The advancements in various region of west blotting included in this analysis of transfer of protein and validation of antibody are described.
Conclusion
This paper describes another very developed strategy available as well as demonstrated the correlation among Western blotting techniques of the next generation and their clinical implications. In this review, the different techniques of western blotting and their improvement in different stages have been discussed.
Collapse
|
2
|
Meftahi GH, Bahari Z, Zarei Mahmoudabadi A, Iman M, Jangravi Z. Applications of western blot technique: From bench to bedside. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 49:509-517. [PMID: 33847452 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Western blot (WB) or immunoblot is a workhorse method. It is commonly used by biologists for study of different aspects of protein biomolecules. In addition, it has been widely used in disease diagnosis. Despite some limitations such as long time, different applications of WB have not been limited. In the present review, we have summarized scientific and clinical applications of WB. In addition, we described some new generation of WB techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Bahari
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zarei Mahmoudabadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Iman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Jangravi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Western blot analysis is widely used for detecting protein expression, analysis of protein-protein interactions, and searching for new biomarkers. Also, it is a diagnostic tool used for detection of human diseases and microorganism infections.Some Streptococcus pneumoniae proteins are important virulence factors and a few of them are diagnostic markers. Here, we describe the detection of two pneumococcal proteins, pneumolysin and PpmA, in human urine by using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies.
Collapse
|
4
|
Mishra M, Tiwari S, Gomes AV. Protein purification and analysis: next generation Western blotting techniques. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:1037-1053. [PMID: 28974114 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1388167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Western blotting is one of the most commonly used techniques in molecular biology and proteomics. Since western blotting is a multistep protocol, variations and errors can occur at any step reducing the reliability and reproducibility of this technique. Recent reports suggest that a few key steps, such as the sample preparation method, the amount and source of primary antibody used, as well as the normalization method utilized, are critical for reproducible western blot results. Areas covered: In this review, improvements in different areas of western blotting, including protein transfer and antibody validation, are summarized. The review discusses the most advanced western blotting techniques available and highlights the relationship between next generation western blotting techniques and its clinical relevance. Expert commentary: Over the last decade significant improvements have been made in creating more sensitive, automated, and advanced techniques by optimizing various aspects of the western blot protocol. New methods such as single cell-resolution western blot, capillary electrophoresis, DigiWest, automated microfluid western blotting and microchip electrophoresis have all been developed to reduce potential problems associated with the western blotting technique. Innovative developments in instrumentation and increased sensitivity for western blots offer novel possibilities for increasing the clinical implications of western blot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Mishra
- a Department of Physiology , University of Saskatchewan College of Medicine , Saskatoon , SK , Canada
| | - Shuchita Tiwari
- b Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior , University of California , Davis , CA , USA
| | - Aldrin V Gomes
- b Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior , University of California , Davis , CA , USA.,c Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology , University of California , Davis , CA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rognon B, Reboux G, Roussel S, Barrera C, Dalphin JC, Fellrath JM, Monod M, Millon L. Western blotting as a tool for the serodiagnosis of farmer's lung disease: validation with Lichtheimia corymbifera protein extracts. J Med Microbiol 2015; 64:359-368. [PMID: 25666836 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrosyneresis and double diffusion are immunoprecipitation techniques commonly used in the serological diagnosis of Farmer's lung disease (FLD). These techniques are reliable but lack standardization. The aim of this study was to evaluate Western blotting for the serodiagnosis of FLD. We carried out Western blotting with an antigenic extract of Lichtheimia corymbifera, an important aetiological agent of the disease. The membranes were probed with sera from 21 patients with FLD and 21 healthy exposed controls to examine the IgG antibody responses against purified somatic antigens. Given the low prevalence of the disease, 21 patients could be considered as a relevant series. Four bands were significantly more frequently represented in membranes probed with FLD sera (bands at 27.7, 40.5, 44.0 and 50.5 kDa) than those probed with control sera. We assessed the diagnostic value of different criteria alone or in combination. The diagnostic accuracy of the test was highest with the inclusion of at least two of the following criteria: at least five bands on the strip and the presence of one band at 40.5 or 44.0 kDa. Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were all 81%, and the odds ratio was 18.06. Inclusion of bands of high intensity diminished rather than improved the diagnostic value of the test. We concluded that Western blotting is a valuable technique for the serodiagnosis of FLD. The industrial production of ready-to-use membranes would enable the routine use of this technique in laboratories, and provide reliable and standardized diagnostic results within a few hours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Rognon
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, University Hospital, Besançon, France.,UMR Chrono-Environnement 6249/CNRS, University of Besançon, France
| | - Gabriel Reboux
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, University Hospital, Besançon, France.,UMR Chrono-Environnement 6249/CNRS, University of Besançon, France
| | - Sandrine Roussel
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, University Hospital, Besançon, France.,UMR Chrono-Environnement 6249/CNRS, University of Besançon, France
| | - Coralie Barrera
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, University Hospital, Besançon, France.,UMR Chrono-Environnement 6249/CNRS, University of Besançon, France
| | - Jean-Charles Dalphin
- Department of Respiratory Disease, University Hospital, Besançon, France.,UMR Chrono-Environnement 6249/CNRS, University of Besançon, France
| | - Jean-Marc Fellrath
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital, Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Michel Monod
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Millon
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, University Hospital, Besançon, France.,UMR Chrono-Environnement 6249/CNRS, University of Besançon, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang XZ, Huang XE, Xu YL, Zhang XQ, Su AL, Shen ZS. Phase II Study on Voriconazole for Treatment of Chinese Patients with Malignant Hematological Disorders and Invasive Aspergillosis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:2415-8. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.5.2415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|