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Cho JM, Shiu YT, Symons JD, Lee T. Vasoreactivity of the Murine External Jugular Vein and Carotid Artery. J Vasc Res 2020; 57:291-301. [PMID: 32541137 PMCID: PMC7486270 DOI: 10.1159/000508129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Impaired venous reactivity has potential to contribute to clinically significant pathologies such as arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation failure. Vascular segments commonly used in murine preclinical models of AVF include the carotid artery and external jugular vein. Detailed descriptions of isometric procedures to evaluate function of murine external jugular vein ex vivo have not been previously published. OBJECTIVE To establish isometric procedures to measure naive murine external jugular vein reactivity ex vivo. METHODS Vasomotor responses of external jugular veins and ipsilateral common carotid arteries from C57BL/6 mice were evaluated using isometric tension procedures. RESULTS External jugular veins developed tension (p < 0.05) to potassium chloride and U-46619, but not to phenylephrine, whereas common carotid arteries responded to all 3 agents (p < 0.05). While maximal responses to acetylcholine (ACh) were similar between the venous and arterial segments, the dose required to achieve this value was lower (p < 0.05) in the artery versus vein. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition attenuated (p < 0.05) but did not abolish ACh-evoked vasorelaxation in both vascular segments, whereas cyclooxygenase blockade had no effect. Endothelium-independent vasorelaxation to sodium nitroprusside was similar in the artery and vein. CONCLUSION Vasorelaxation and vasocontraction can be reliably assessed in the external jugular vein in C57BL/6 mice using isometric procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Min Cho
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Yan-Ting Shiu
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Section of Nephrology, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - J David Symons
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Timmy Lee
- Department of Medicine and Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA, .,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Section of Nephrology, Birmingham, Alabama, USA,
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Symons JD, Deeter L, Deeter N, Bonn T, Cho JM, Ferrin P, McCreath L, Diakos NA, Taleb I, Alharethi R, McKellar S, Wever-Pinzon O, Navankasattusas S, Selzman CH, Fang JC, Drakos SG. Effect of Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Support on Coronary Artery Endothelial Function in Ischemic and Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy. Circ Heart Fail 2019; 12:e006085. [DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.119.006085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The coronary vasculature encounters a reduction in pulsatility after implementing durable continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) circulatory support. Evidence exists that appropriate pulsatility is required to maintain endothelial cell homeostasis. We hypothesized that coronary artery endothelial function would be impaired after CF-LVAD intervention.
Methods and Results:
Coronary arteries from patients with end-stage heart failure caused by ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM; n=16) or non-ICM (n=22) cardiomyopathy were isolated from the left ventricular apical core, which was removed for the CF-LVAD implantation. In 11 of these patients, paired coronary arteries were obtained from an adjacent region of myocardium after the CF-LVAD intervention (n=6 ICM, 5 non-ICM). Vascular function was assessed ex vivo using isometric tension procedures in these patients and in 7 nonfailing donor controls. Maximal endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation to BK (bradykinin; 10
−
6
–10
−
10
M) was blunted (
P
<0.05) in arteries from patients with ICM compared with non-ICM and donor controls, whereas responses to sodium nitroprusside (10
−4
–10
−9
M) were similar among the groups. Contrary to our hypothesis, vasorelaxation responses to BK and sodium nitroprusside were similar before and 219±37 days after CF-LVAD support. Of these patients, an exploratory subgroup analysis revealed that BK-induced coronary artery vasorelaxation was greater (
P
<0.05) after (87±6%) versus before (54±14%) CF-LVAD intervention in ICM patients, whereas sodium nitroprusside–evoked responses were similar.
Conclusions:
Coronary artery endothelial function is not impaired by durable CF-LVAD support and in ICM patients appears to be improved. Investigating coronary endothelial function using in vivo approaches in a larger patient population is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. David Symons
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.D.S., L.D., N.D., T.B., J.M.C., S.G.D.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes (J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
- Molecular Medicine Program (J.D.S., P.F., L.M., N.A.D., I.T., S.N., S.G.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Lance Deeter
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.D.S., L.D., N.D., T.B., J.M.C., S.G.D.)
| | - Nicholas Deeter
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.D.S., L.D., N.D., T.B., J.M.C., S.G.D.)
| | - Trevor Bonn
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.D.S., L.D., N.D., T.B., J.M.C., S.G.D.)
| | - Jae Min Cho
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.D.S., L.D., N.D., T.B., J.M.C., S.G.D.)
| | - Peter Ferrin
- Molecular Medicine Program (J.D.S., P.F., L.M., N.A.D., I.T., S.N., S.G.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (P.F., L.M., N.A.D., I.T., S.N., C.H.S., S.G.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Lauren McCreath
- Molecular Medicine Program (J.D.S., P.F., L.M., N.A.D., I.T., S.N., S.G.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (P.F., L.M., N.A.D., I.T., S.N., C.H.S., S.G.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Nikolaos A. Diakos
- Molecular Medicine Program (J.D.S., P.F., L.M., N.A.D., I.T., S.N., S.G.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (P.F., L.M., N.A.D., I.T., S.N., C.H.S., S.G.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Iosif Taleb
- Molecular Medicine Program (J.D.S., P.F., L.M., N.A.D., I.T., S.N., S.G.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (P.F., L.M., N.A.D., I.T., S.N., C.H.S., S.G.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
- UTAH Cardiac Transplant Program, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake VA Medical Center (I.T., R.A., S.M., O.W.-P., C.H.S., J.C.F., S.G.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Rami Alharethi
- UTAH Cardiac Transplant Program, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake VA Medical Center (I.T., R.A., S.M., O.W.-P., C.H.S., J.C.F., S.G.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Stephen McKellar
- UTAH Cardiac Transplant Program, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake VA Medical Center (I.T., R.A., S.M., O.W.-P., C.H.S., J.C.F., S.G.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Omar Wever-Pinzon
- UTAH Cardiac Transplant Program, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake VA Medical Center (I.T., R.A., S.M., O.W.-P., C.H.S., J.C.F., S.G.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Sutip Navankasattusas
- Molecular Medicine Program (J.D.S., P.F., L.M., N.A.D., I.T., S.N., S.G.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (P.F., L.M., N.A.D., I.T., S.N., C.H.S., S.G.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Craig H. Selzman
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (P.F., L.M., N.A.D., I.T., S.N., C.H.S., S.G.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
- UTAH Cardiac Transplant Program, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake VA Medical Center (I.T., R.A., S.M., O.W.-P., C.H.S., J.C.F., S.G.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - James C. Fang
- UTAH Cardiac Transplant Program, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake VA Medical Center (I.T., R.A., S.M., O.W.-P., C.H.S., J.C.F., S.G.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Stavros G. Drakos
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.D.S., L.D., N.D., T.B., J.M.C., S.G.D.)
- Molecular Medicine Program (J.D.S., P.F., L.M., N.A.D., I.T., S.N., S.G.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (P.F., L.M., N.A.D., I.T., S.N., C.H.S., S.G.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
- UTAH Cardiac Transplant Program, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake VA Medical Center (I.T., R.A., S.M., O.W.-P., C.H.S., J.C.F., S.G.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
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Oi M, Donner D, Peart J, Beck B, Wendt L, Headrick JP, du Toit EF. Pravastatin improves risk factors but not ischaemic tolerance in obese rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 826:148-157. [PMID: 29501869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Statins are effective in management of dyslipidaemia, and a cornerstone of CVD prevention strategies. However, the impacts of their pleiotropic effects on other cardiovascular risk factors and myocardial responses to infarction are not well characterised. We hypothesised that pravastatin treatment in obesity improves lipid profiles, insulin-resistance and myocardial resistance to ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Wistar rats were fed a control (C) chow or high carbohydrate and fat diet (HCFD) for 16 weeks with vehicle or pravastatin (prava 7.5 mg/kg/day) treatment for 8 weeks. At 16 weeks HOMAs were performed, blood samples collected and hearts excised for Langendorff perfusions/biochemical analyses. Anti-oxidant activity and proteins regulating mitochondrial fission/fusion and apoptosis were assessed. The HCFD increased body weight (736±15 vs. 655±12 g for C; P<0.001), serum triglycerides (2.91±0.52 vs. 1.64±0.26 mmol/L for C; P<0.001) and insulin-resistance (HOMA- 6.9±0.8 vs. 4.2±0.5 for C; P<0.05) while prava prevented diet induced changes and paradoxically increased lipid peroxidation. The HCFD increased infarct size (34.1±3.1% vs. 18.8±3.0% of AAR for C; P<0.05), which was unchanged by prava in C and HCFD animals. The HCFD decreased cardiac TxR activity and mitochondrial MFN-1 and increased mitochondrial DRP-1 (reducing MFN-1:DRP-1 ratio) and Bax expression, with the latter changes prevented by prava. While unaltered by diet, cytosolic levels of Bax and caspase-3 were reduced by prava in C and HCFD hearts (without changes in cleaved caspase-3). We conclude that obesity, hyper-triglyceridemia and impaired glycemic control in HCFD rats are countered by prava. Despite improved risk factors, prava did not reduce myocardial infarct size, potentially reflecting its complex pleiotropic impacts on cardiac GPX activity and MFN-1, DRP-1, caspase-3 and Bcl-2 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massa Oi
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Daniel Donner
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Jason Peart
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Belinda Beck
- School of Allied Health Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Lauren Wendt
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Eugene F du Toit
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
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Liuni A, Luca MC, Gori T, Parker JD. Loss of the preconditioning effect of rosuvastatin during sustained therapy: a human in vivo study. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 302:H153-8. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00083.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that the acute administration of 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors has protective effects in the setting of ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Previously, we demonstrated that a single dose of rosuvastatin prevented IR-induced endothelial dysfunction in humans through a cyclooxygenase-2-dependent mechanism. Whether the chronic administration of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors provides similar protection remains controversial and is unknown in humans. Eighteen male volunteers were randomized to receive a single dose of rosuvastatin (20 mg) or placebo. Twenty-four hours later, endothelium-dependent, radial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured before and after IR (15 min of upper arm ischemia followed by 15 min of reperfusion). In a separate protocol, 30 healthy volunteers were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive oral rosuvastatin (20 mg/day) and placebo, rosuvastatin, and celecoxib (100 mg bid) or placebo alone, all for 21 days. Twenty-four hours after the final administration of study medication, FMD was measured before and after IR. Pre-IR FMD was similar between groups in both protocols. In the acute administration protocol, rosuvastatin significantly prevented the blunting of FMD associated with IR (FMD pre-IR: 8.4 ± 1.3%; post-IR: 6.2 ± 1.3%; P = 0.01 ANOVA, treatment group interaction). In the daily administration protocol, IR significantly blunted FMD in the placebo group (FMD pre-IR: 7.5 ± 0.9%; post-IR: 3.3 ± 0.7%; P < 0.001). Chronic treatment with rosuvastatin did not modify this ischemic injury (FMD pre-IR: 6.9 ± 0.4%; post-IR: 1.6 ± 1.0%; P < 0.001; P = NS ANOVA, treatment group interaction). Similarly, FMD responses post-IR in volunteers receiving rosuvastatin and celecoxib did not significantly differ from placebo (FMD pre-IR: 8.3 ± 0.9%; post-IR: 2.1 ± 0.8%; P < 0.001; P = NS ANOVA, treatment group interaction). In contrast to acute administration, chronic rosuvastatin does not prevent the development of IR-induced endothelial dysfunction in normal humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Liuni
- Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai and University Health Network Hospitals
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and
| | - Mary Clare Luca
- Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai and University Health Network Hospitals
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and
| | - Tommaso Gori
- Department of Cardiology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - John D. Parker
- Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai and University Health Network Hospitals
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and
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Ali IS, Buth KJ. Preoperative statin use and outcomes following cardiac surgery. Int J Cardiol 2005; 103:12-8. [PMID: 16061117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2004] [Accepted: 06/21/2004] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac surgery carries a 2-3% early mortality due in part to perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI), low-output syndrome (LOS), and arrhythmias. Statins attenuate thrombogenesis, normalize endothelial dysfunction, and mitigate the oxidative stress and reperfusion injury characteristic of such complications. We sought to determine whether preoperative statin use is associated with reduced early mortality and major morbidity following cardiac surgery. METHODS Patients having isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), valve, or combined CABG/valve surgery between May 1998 and June 2003 (n=5469) were identified. A logistic regression model was generated to determine the association of preoperative statin use with in-hospital mortality (IHM). Propensity score analysis was used to match two subgroups of patients (Group I, on statins, n=1443; Group II, not on statins, n=1443) on multiple factors known to impact cardiac surgical outcome. Outcomes assessed were IHM, intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) use, PMI, prolonged (>24 h) ventilation (p-vent), stroke, and a composite end point (comp) defined as any one or more of the above. RESULTS Of the 5469 patients, 3555 were on statins and 1914 were not. Unadjusted rates of IHM (2.6% vs. 5.0%), stroke (1.9% vs. 3.3%), p-vent (10.2% vs. 16.6%), and comp (12.7% vs. 19.5%) were lower (p=0.0001) in patients receiving statins. After adjustment, statin use was not associated with a reduction in IHM (OR=0.9, 95% CI=0.6-1.2, p=0.36) or comp (OR=0.9, 95% CI=0.8-1.1, p=0.31). After matching two subgroups using propensity score for statin, no significant differences were found in any of the adjusted outcomes for Group I vs. Group II: IHM (4.0% vs. 4.6%), PMI (1.5% vs. 1.1%), p-vent (15.8% vs. 15.7%), IABP use (2.0% vs. 2.3%), stroke (3.0% vs. 3.3%), and comp (19.1% vs. 18.8%). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative statin use is not associated with a reduction in IHM or major morbidity following cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz S Ali
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Dalhousie University, Room 2263, QEII HSC, New Infirmary Site, 1796 Summer St., Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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