1
|
Yu S, Zhang X, Sun T, Wang D, Wei Z. Low temperature plasma protects against inflammatory agents-mediated dysfunction of theca cells via enhancing MANF expression. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3085-3097. [PMID: 36689049 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low temperature plasma (LTP) exerts a protective effect in inflammation via enhancing MANF expression. Hyperactivation and dysfunction of theca cells induced by inflammatory agents is accompanied by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which is a common reproductive and endocrine disorder. However, the effect of LTP on theca cells is still unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Theca cells were stimulated with IL-1β or TNF-α for 12 h, then treated with LTP for 100 s. After 8 h, medium supernatant and theca cells were collected. Production of androgen from theca cells were detected by ELISA. The PCNA and Annexin V levels in theca cells were detected by using immunofluorescent staining. The levels of PCNA, BCL-2 and BAX were evaluated by western blot and qPCR. MTT assay was used to detect the viability of theca cells. The proportions of apoptosis of theca cells were detected by Flow cytometry. The mRNA levels of androgenic genes were detected by qPCR. The MANF levels in medium supernatant and cell lysate were detected by using ELISA, western and qPCR. BIP and CHOP expressions were detected by using western blot and qPCR. We found that LTP irradiation decreased inflammatory agents-induced upregulation of androgen and androgenic genes in theca cells. And LTP irradiation relieves IL-1β or TNF-α-induced pathological proliferation and apoptosis in theca cells. In terms of mechanism, LTP irradiation increased MANF level in theca cells to inhibit BIP and CHOP expression. CONCLUSION These evidences suggest the protective effect of LTP on theca cells in inflammatory microenvironment, and LTP has the potential clinical application of PCOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ShuJun Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - XinRu Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - ZhaoLian Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China. .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Papatheodorou I, Galatou E, Panagiotidis GD, Ravingerová T, Lazou A. Cardioprotective Effects of PPARβ/δ Activation against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rat Heart Are Associated with ALDH2 Upregulation, Amelioration of Oxidative Stress and Preservation of Mitochondrial Energy Production. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6399. [PMID: 34203800 PMCID: PMC8232596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence support the cardioprotective properties of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ); however, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated. The aim of the study was to further investigate the mechanisms underlying PPARβ/δ-mediated cardioprotection in the setting of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). For this purpose, rats were treated with PPARβ/δ agonist GW0742 and/or antagonist GSK0660 in vivo and hearts were subjected to ex vivo global ischemia followed by reperfusion. PPARβ/δ activation improved left ventricular developed pressure recovery, reduced infarct size (IS) and incidence of reperfusion-induced ventricular arrhythmias while it also up-regulated superoxide dismutase 2, catalase and uncoupling protein 3 resulting in attenuation of oxidative stress as evidenced by the reduction in 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal protein adducts and protein carbonyl formation. PPARβ/δ activation also increased both mRNA expression and enzymatic activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2); inhibition of ALDH2 abrogated the IS limiting effect of PPARβ/δ activation. Furthermore, upregulation of PGC-1α and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 mRNA expression, increased citrate synthase activity as well as mitochondrial ATP content indicated improvement in mitochondrial content and energy production. These data provide new mechanistic insight into the cardioprotective properties of PPARβ/δ in I/R pointing to ALDH2 as a direct downstream target and suggesting that PPARβ/δ activation alleviates myocardial I/R injury through coordinated stimulation of the antioxidant defense of the heart and preservation of mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Papatheodorou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.P.); (E.G.); (G.-D.P.)
| | - Eleftheria Galatou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.P.); (E.G.); (G.-D.P.)
| | - Georgios-Dimitrios Panagiotidis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.P.); (E.G.); (G.-D.P.)
| | - Táňa Ravingerová
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 9 Dúbravská cesta, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Antigone Lazou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.P.); (E.G.); (G.-D.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The lncRNA H19/miR-675 axis regulates myocardial ischemic and reperfusion injury by targeting PPARα. Mol Immunol 2019; 105:46-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
4
|
Zhao B, Hu M, Wu H, Ren C, Chen J, Zhang X, Cui S. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and its related pathway in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation co-cultured with mechanically stretched ligament fibroblasts. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:219-227. [PMID: 29568896 PMCID: PMC5979932 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of pelvic floor dysfunctional disease (PFD) is closely related with elasticity, toughness, and functional changes of the connective tissue of the pelvic support tissue. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been confirmed to have the capacity to differentiate into a variety of cell types such as osteoblasts, chondroblasts, adipocytes and fibroblasts. Therefore, BMSCs have the potential to improve the clinical outcomes for PFD. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), a ligand activated transcription factor, has acquired a great deal of attention as it is involved in the fibrosis and cell differentiation. However, how it is regulated during the process of the differentiation of BMSCs into fibroblasts remains to be defined. The present study investigated the underlying mechanisms of PPAR-γ effect of mechanical stretch on the differentiation of BMSCs induced by pelvic ligament fibroblasts. PPAR-γ expression was decreased during the differentiation of BMSCs into fibroblasts by co-cultured stretched fibroblasts. Addition of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) reduced PPAR-γ expression and promoted the differentiation of BMSCs. With the employment of endogenous ligand, activation of PPAR-γ suppressed the BMSC differentiation. Similar effects were also observed with overexpression of PPAR-γ gene. In addition, decrease of PPAR-γ by the use of shRNA targeting rat PPAR-γ significantly contributed to BMSC differentiation to fibroblasts. These results indicate that PPAR-γ negatively regulates the differentiation of BMSCs into fibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Mengcai Hu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Huiyan Wu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Chenchen Ren
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Juan Chen
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Zhengzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinshui, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Shihong Cui
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cunha V, Santos MM, Moradas-Ferreira P, Castro LFC, Ferreira M. Simvastatin modulates gene expression of key receptors in zebrafish embryos. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:465-476. [PMID: 28682217 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1335258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NR) are involved in the regulation of several metabolic processes and it is well known that these constituents may be modulated by different chemicals classes, including pharmaceuticals that may activate or antagonize NR. In mammals, some pharmaceuticals modulate the transcription of pregnane X receptor, Pxr, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, Ppars, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor, Ahr, affecting mRNA expression of genes belonging to various regulatory pathways, including lipid metabolism and detoxification mechanisms. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of simvastatin (SIM), an anticholesterolemic drug, on selected NR and AhR mRNA transcription levels during zebrafish early development. Embryos were collected at different development stages (0, 2, 6, 14, 24, 48, and 72 hr post fertilization (hpf)) and mRNA of all target NR was detected at all time points. Embryos (1 and 24 hpf) were exposed to different concentrations of SIM (5 or 50 μg/L) in two differing assays with varying exposure times (2 or 80 hr). The transcription levels of ahr2, raraa, rarab, rarga, pparαa, pparβ1, pparγ, pxr, rxraa, rxrab, rxrbb, rxrga, rxrgb, as well as levels of cholesterol (Chol) were measured after exposure. SIM exerted no marked effect on Chol levels, and depending upon exposure duration mRNA levels of NR and AhR either increased or decreased. After 2 hr SIM treatment in 24 hpf embryos, transcription of ppars, pxr, and ahr was up-regulated, while after 80 hr mRNA levels of pxr and ahr were decreased with no marked changes in ppars. Data demonstrate that SIM produced alterations in gene expression of NR which are involved in varying physiological functions and that may disturb regulation of different physiological processes which might impair fish survival and ecosystems regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Cunha
- a CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n , Matosinhos , Portugal
- b ICBAS/UP-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - M M Santos
- a CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n , Matosinhos , Portugal
- c FCUP-Department of Biology , Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre , Porto , Portugal
| | - P Moradas-Ferreira
- b ICBAS/UP-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
- d I3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - L F C Castro
- a CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n , Matosinhos , Portugal
- c FCUP-Department of Biology , Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre , Porto , Portugal
| | - M Ferreira
- a CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n , Matosinhos , Portugal
- e School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science , Technology and Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Private mail box, Laucala Bay Road , Suva , Fiji Islands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Viczenczova C, Kura B, Chaudagar KK, Szeiffova Bacova B, Egan Benova T, Barancik M, Knezl V, Ravingerova T, Tribulova N, Slezak J. Myocardial connexin-43 is upregulated in response to acute cardiac injury in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:911-919. [PMID: 28459162 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to explore whether myocardial intercellular channel protein connexin-43 (Cx43) along with PKCε and MMP-2 might be implicated in responses to acute cardiac injury induced by 2 distinct sublethal interventions in Wistar rats. Animals underwent either single chest irradiation at dose of 25 Gy or subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (ISO, 120 mg/kg) and were compared with untreated controls. Forty-two days post-interventions, the hearts were excised and left ventricles were used for analysis. The findings showed an increase of total as well as phosphorylated forms of myocardial Cx43 regardless of the type of interventions. Enhanced phosphorylation of Cx43 coincided with increased PKCε expression in both models. Elevation of Cx43 was associated with its enhanced distribution on lateral surfaces of the cardiomyocytes in response to both interventions, while focal areas of fibrosis without Cx43 were found in post-ISO but not post-irradiated rat hearts. In parallel, MMP-2 activity was decreased in the former while increased in the latter. Cardiac function was maintained and the susceptibility of the hearts to ischemia or malignant arrhythmias was not deteriorated 42 days after interventions when compared with controls. Altogether, the findings indicate that myocardial Cx43 is most likely implicated in potentially salutary responses to acute heart injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Viczenczova
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Branislav Kura
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | | | - Tamara Egan Benova
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Miroslav Barancik
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Vladimir Knezl
- c Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Tana Ravingerova
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Narcis Tribulova
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Slezak
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zálešák M, Kura B, Graban J, Farkašová V, Slezák J, Ravingerová T. Molecular hydrogen potentiates beneficial anti-infarct effect of hypoxic postconditioning in isolated rat hearts: a novel cardioprotective intervention. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:888-893. [PMID: 28350967 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Generation of free radicals through incomplete reduction of oxygen during ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is well described. On the other hand, molecular hydrogen (H2) reduces oxidative stress due to its ability to react with strong oxidants and easily penetrate cells by diffusion, without disturbing metabolic redox reactions. This study was designed to explore cardioprotective potential of hypoxic postconditioning (HpostC) against I/R (30 min global I - 120 min R) in isolated rat hearts using oxygen-free Krebs-Henseleit buffer (KHB). Furthermore, the possibility to potentiate the effect of HpostC by H2 using oxygen-free KHB saturated with H2 (H2 + HpostC) was tested. HPostC was induced by 4 cycles of 1-minute perfusion with oxygen-free KHB intercepted by 1-minute perfusion with normal KHB, at the onset of reperfusion. H2 + HPostC was applied in a similar manner using H2-enriched oxygen-free KHB. Cardioprotective effects were evaluated on the basis of infarct size (IS, in % of area at risk, AR) reduction, post-I/R recovery of heart function, and occurrence of reperfusion arrhythmias. HPostC significantly reduced IS/AR compared with non-conditioned controls. H2 present in KHB during HPostC further decreased IS/AR compared with the effect of HPostC, attenuated severe arrhythmias, and significantly restored heart function (vs. controls). Cardioprotection by HpostC can be augmented by molecular hydrogen infusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Zálešák
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Branislav Kura
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Graban
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Farkašová
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Slezák
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Tatiana Ravingerová
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Barlaka E, Galatou E, Mellidis K, Ravingerova T, Lazou A. Role of Pleiotropic Properties of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in the Heart: Focus on the Nonmetabolic Effects in Cardiac Protection. Cardiovasc Ther 2016; 34:37-48. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Barlaka
- School of Biology; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Eleftheria Galatou
- School of Biology; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Kyriakos Mellidis
- School of Biology; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Tanya Ravingerova
- Institute for Heart Research; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Antigone Lazou
- School of Biology; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
ZÁLEŠÁK M, BLAŽÍČEK P, GABLOVSKÝ I, LEDVÉNYIOVÁ V, BARTEKOVÁ M, ZIEGELHÖFFER A, RAVINGEROVÁ T. Impaired PI3K/Akt Signaling as a Potential Cause of Failure to Precondition Rat Hearts Under Conditions of Simulated Hyperglycemia. Physiol Res 2015; 64:633-41. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of simulated acute hyperglycemia (HG) on PI3K/Akt signaling in preconditioned and non-preconditioned isolated rat hearts perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution containing normal (11 mmol/l) or elevated (22 mmol/l) glucose subjected to ischemia-reperfusion. Ischemic preconditioning (IP) was induced by two 5-min cycles of coronary occlusion followed by 5-min reperfusion. Protein levels of Akt, phosphorylated (activated) Akt (P-Akt), as well as contents of BAX protein were assayed (Western blotting) in cytosolic fraction of myocardial tissue samples taken prior to and after 30-min global ischemia and 40-min reperfusion. In “normoglycemic” conditions (NG), IP significantly increased P-Akt at the end of long-term ischemia, while reperfusion led to its decrease together with the decline of BAX levels as compared to non-preconditioned hearts. On the contrary, under HG conditions, P-Akt tended to decline in IP-hearts after long-term ischemia, and it was significantly higher after reperfusion than in non-preconditioned controls. No significant influence of IP on BAX levels at the end of I/R was observed under HG conditions. It seems that high glucose may influence IP-induced activation of Akt and its downstream targets, as well as maintain persistent Akt activity that may be detrimental for the heart under above conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. ZÁLEŠÁK
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences and Centre of Excellence of SAS NOREG Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ravingerová T, Ledvényiová-Farkašová V, Ferko M, Barteková M, Bernátová I, Pecháňová O, Adameová A, Kolář F, Lazou A. Pleiotropic preconditioning-like cardioprotective effects of hypolipidemic drugs in acute ischemia–reperfusion in normal and hypertensive rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:495-503. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although pleiotropy, which is defined as multiple effects derived from a single gene, was recognized many years ago, and considerable progress has since been achieved in this field, it is not very clear how much this feature of a drug is clinically relevant. During the last decade, beneficial pleiotropic effects from hypolipidemic drugs (as in, effects that are different from the primary ones) have been associated with reduction of cardiovascular risk. As with statins, the agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), niacin and fibrates, have been suggested to exhibit pleiotropic activity that could significantly modify the outcome of a cardiovascular ailment. This review examines findings demonstrating the impacts of treatment with hypolipidemic drugs on cardiac response to ischemia in a setting of acute ischemia–reperfusion, in relation to PPAR activation. Specifically, it addresses the issue of susceptibility to ischemia, with particular regard to the preconditioning-like cardioprotection conferred by hypolipidemic drugs, as well as the potential molecular mechanisms behind this cardioprotection. Finally, the involvement of PPAR activation in the mechanisms of non-metabolic cardioprotective effects from hypolipidemic drugs, and their effects on normal and pathologically altered myocardium (in the hearts of hypertensive rats) is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Táňa Ravingerová
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences and Centre of Excellence of SAS NOREG, POB 104, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Ledvényiová-Farkašová
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences and Centre of Excellence of SAS NOREG, POB 104, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Miroslav Ferko
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences and Centre of Excellence of SAS NOREG, POB 104, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Monika Barteková
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences and Centre of Excellence of SAS NOREG, POB 104, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Iveta Bernátová
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences and Centre of Excellence of SAS NOREG, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ol’ga Pecháňová
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences and Centre of Excellence of SAS NOREG, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Adriana Adameová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - František Kolář
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antigone Lazou
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Andres AM, Hernandez G, Lee P, Huang C, Ratliff EP, Sin J, Thornton CA, Damasco MV, Gottlieb RA. Mitophagy is required for acute cardioprotection by simvastatin. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:1960-73. [PMID: 23901824 PMCID: PMC4208607 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We have shown that autophagy and mitophagy are required for preconditioning. While statin's cardioprotective effects are well known, the role of autophagy/mitophagy in statin-mediated cardioprotection is not. In this study, we used HL-1 cardiomyocytes and mice subjected to ischemia/reperfusion to elucidate the mechanism of statin-mediated cardioprotection. RESULTS HL-1 cardiomyocytes exposed to simvastatin for 24 h exhibited diminished protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, increased activation of unc-51-like kinase 1, and upregulation of autophagy and mitophagy. Similar findings were obtained in hearts of mice given simvastatin. Mevalonate abolished simvastatin's effects on Akt/mTOR signaling and autophagy induction in HL-1 cells, indicating that the effects are mediated through inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. Simvastatin-treated HL-1 cells exhibited mitochondrial translocation of Parkin and p62/SQSTM1, fission, and mitophagy. Because Parkin is required for mitophagy and is expressed in heart, we investigated the effect of simvastatin on infarct size in Parkin knockout mice. Simvastatin reduced infarct size in wild-type mice but showed no benefit in Parkin knockout mice. Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase limits mevalonate availability for both cholesterol and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) biosynthesis. CoQ supplementation had no effect on statin-induced Akt/mTOR dephosphorylation or macroautophagy in HL-1 cells, but it potently blocked mitophagy. Importantly, CoQ supplementation abolished statin-mediated cardioprotection in vivo. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION Acute simvastatin treatment suppresses mTOR signaling and triggers Parkin-dependent mitophagy, the latter which is required for cardioprotection. Coadministration of CoQ with simvastatin impairs mitophagy and cardioprotection. These results raise the concern that CoQ may interfere with anti-ischemic benefits of statins mediated through stimulation of mitophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allen M Andres
- Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center, San Diego State University , San Diego, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ravingerová T, Carnická S, Ledvényiová V, Barlaka E, Galatou E, Chytilová A, Mandíková P, Nemčeková M, Adameová A, Kolář F, Lazou A. Upregulation of genes involved in cardiac metabolism enhances myocardial resistance to ischemia/reperfusion in the rat heart. Physiol Res 2014; 62:S151-63. [PMID: 24329695 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Genes encoding enzymes involved in fatty acids (FA) and glucose oxidation are transcriptionally regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Under conditions associated with O(2) deficiency, PPAR-alpha modulates substrate switch (between FA and glucose) aimed at the adequate energy production to maintain basic cardiac function. Both, positive and negative effects of PPAR-alpha activation on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury have been reported. Moreover, the role of PPAR-mediated metabolic shifts in cardioprotective mechanisms of preconditioning (PC) is relatively less investigated. We explored the effects of PPAR-alpha upregulation mimicking a delayed "second window" of PC on I/R injury in the rat heart and potential downstream mechanisms involved. Pretreatment of rats with PPAR-alpha agonist WY-14643 (WY, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) 24 h prior to I/R reduced post-ischemic stunning, arrhythmias and the extent of lethal injury (infarct size) and apoptosis (caspase-3 expression) in isolated hearts exposed to 30-min global ischemia and 2-h reperfusion. Protection was associated with remarkably increased expression of PPAR-alpha target genes promoting FA utilization (medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I) and reduced expression of glucose transporter GLUT-4 responsible for glucose transport and metabolism. In addition, enhanced Akt phosphorylation and protein levels of eNOS, in conjunction with blunting of cardioprotection by NOS inhibitor L-NAME, were observed in the WY-treated hearts. CONCLUSIONS upregulation of PPAR-alpha target metabolic genes involved in FA oxidation may underlie a delayed phase PC-like protection in the rat heart. Potential non-genomic effects of PPAR-alpha-mediated cardioprotection may involve activation of prosurvival PI3K/Akt pathway and its downstream targets such as eNOS and subsequently reduced apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Ravingerová
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ortega I, Villanueva JA, Wong DH, Cress AB, Sokalska A, Stanley SD, Duleba AJ. Resveratrol potentiates effects of simvastatin on inhibition of rat ovarian theca-interstitial cells steroidogenesis. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7:21. [PMID: 24524197 PMCID: PMC3940290 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-7-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by ovarian enlargement, hyperplastic theca compartment and increased androgen production due to, at least in part, excessive expression of several key genes involved in steroidogenesis. Previously, our group has demonstrated that simvastatin, competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), a rate-limiting step of the mevalonate pathway, reduces rat-theca interstitial cell steroidogenesis by inhibiting Cyp17a1 gene expression, the key enzyme of the androgen biosynthesis pathway. Recently, we demonstrated that resveratrol, a bioflavonoid abundant in red grapes, decreases rat theca-interstitial cell steroidogenesis and this suppressive effect is mediated through mechanisms independent of the mevalonate pathway. The present study evaluated the effect of combining simvastatin and resveratrol treatments on rat theca-interstitial cell steroidogenesis. METHODS Rat theca-interstitial cells isolated from 30 day-old female rats were cultured for up to 48 h with or without simvastatin (1 μM) and/or resveratrol (3-10 μM). Steroidogenic enzymes gene expression was evaluated by quantitative real time PCR and steroid levels were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Comparisons between groups were performed using ANOVA and Tukey test. RESULTS Resveratrol potentiated inhibitory effects of simvastatin on androstenedione and androsterone production in theca-interstitial cells. This suppressive effect correlated with profound inhibition in Cyp17a1 mRNA expression in the presence of a combination of resveratrol and simvastatin. CONCLUSIONS The present findings indicate that resveratrol potentiates the simvastatin-induced inhibitory effect on theca-interstitial cell androgen production, raising the possibility of development of novel treatments of PCOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Antoni J Duleba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
NEMČEKOVÁ M, ČARNICKÁ S, FERKO M, MURÁRIKOVÁ M, LEDVÉNYIOVÁ V, RAVINGEROVÁ T. Treatment of Rats With Hypolipidemic Compound Pirinixic Acid Protects Their Hearts Against Ischemic Injury: Are Mitochondrial KATP Channels and Reactive Oxygen Species Involved? Physiol Res 2013; 62:577-84. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypolipidemic compound pirinixic acid (WY-14643, WY) is known to exert pleiotropic (other than primary) effects, such as activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR-α), transcription factors regulating different cardiac functions. Their role in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and cardioprotection is less clear, although protective effects of PPAR agonists have been documented. This study was designed to explore the effects of WY on the I/R injury in the rat heart and potential mechanisms involved, including mitochondrial KATP channels (mitoKATP) opening and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Langendorff-perfused hearts of rats intragastrally treated with WY (3 mg/kg/day) for 5 days and of control animals were subjected to 30-min global ischemia and 2-h reperfusion with or without 15-min perfusion with mitoKATP blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) prior to I/R. Evaluation of the infarct size (IS, TTC staining) served as the main end-point of protection. Lipid peroxidation (a marker of ROS production) was determined by measurement of myocardial concentration of conjugated dienes (CD), whereas protein expression of endothelial NO synthase was analysed by Western blotting. A 2-fold increase in the cardiac protein levels of eNOS after treatment with WY was accompanied by lower post-I/R levels of CD compared with those in the hearts of untreated controls, although WY itself enhanced ROS generation prior to ischemia. IS was reduced by 47 % in the hearts of WY-treated rats (P<0.05), and this effect was reversed by 5-HD. Results suggest that PPAR-α activation may confer protection against lethal I/R injury in the rat heart that involves up-regulation of eNOS, mitoKATP opening and reduced oxidative stress during I/R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - T. RAVINGEROVÁ
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Centre of Excellence of SAS NOREG, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rajtík T, Čarnická S, Szobi A, Mesárošová L, Máťuš M, Švec P, Ravingerová T, Adameová A. Pleiotropic effects of simvastatin are associated with mitigation of apoptotic component of cell death upon lethal myocardial reperfusion-induced injury. Physiol Res 2013; 61:S33-41. [PMID: 23130901 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although statins exert non-lipid cardioprotective effects, their influence on cell death is not fully elucidated. For this purpose, we investigated whether simvastatin treatment (S, 10 mg/kg, 5 days) is capable of mitigating ischemia/reperfusion-induced (IR) apoptosis in the isolated rat hearts, which was examined using immunoblotting analysis. In addition, the content of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and its active form, phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3-Thr(705)), was analyzed. Simvastatin induced neither variations in the plasma lipid levels nor alterations in the baseline content of analysed proteins with the exception of upregulation of cytochrome C. Furthermore, simvastatin significantly increased the baseline levels of pSTAT3 in contrast to the control group. In the IR hearts, simvastatin reduced the expression of Bax and non-cleaved caspase-3. In these hearts, phosphorylation of STAT3 did not differ in comparison to the non-treated IR group, however total STAT3 content was slightly increased. The improved recovery of left ventricular developed pressure co-existed with the increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio. In conclusion, pleiotropic action of statins may ameliorate viability of cardiomyocytes by favouring the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and downregulating the pro-apoptotic markers; however STAT3 does not seem to be a dominant regulator of this anti-apoptotic action of simvastatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Rajtík
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ravingerová T, Čarnická S, Nemčeková M, Ledvényiová V, Adameová A, Khandelwal VK, Zálešák M, Kolář F. The impact of lifestyle-related risk factors on cardiac response to ischemia and possibilities to restore impaired ischemic tolerance. Physiol Res 2013; 61:S1-10. [PMID: 23130893 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Risk factors (RF) of cardiovascular diseases associated with modern lifestyle, such as stress, chronically increased blood pressure, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia have a negative impact on the heart exposed to ischemia: they may facilitate its lethal injury (myocardial infarction) and occurrence of sudden death due to ventricular arrhythmias. On the other hand, some stressful stimuli related to RF including reactive oxygen species, transient episodes of ischemia (hypoxia), high glucose and other may play a dual role in the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (IRI). Besides their deleterious effects, these factors may trigger adaptive processes in the heart resulting in greater resistance against IRI, which is also a characteristic feature of the female myocardium. However, sensitivity to ischemia is increasing with age in both genders. Current research indicates that comorbidity related to lifestyle may impair the cardiac response to acute ischemia not only by interference with pathophysiological mechanisms of IRI per se, but via suppression of intrinsic protective mechanisms in the heart and its ability to tolerate the ischemic challenges, although the role of RF has not been unequivocally proven. Moreover, even pathologically altered myocardium need not completely lose its adaptive potential. In addition, increased ischemic tolerance can be induced by the pleiotropic (independent of the primary) effects of some hypolipidemic and antidiabetic drugs, even in the diseased myocardium. This review addresses the issue of the impact of RF on cellular cardioprotective mechanisms and the possibilities to restore adaptive potential in subjects challenged with several RF. Reactivation of adaptive processes in the myocardium taking into consideration gender and age can contribute to optimalization of antiischemic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Ravingerová
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences and Centre of Excellence SAS NOREG, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jahania SM, Sengstock D, Vaitkevicius P, Andres A, Ito BR, Gottlieb RA, Mentzer RM. Activation of the homeostatic intracellular repair response during cardiac surgery. J Am Coll Surg 2013; 216:719-26; discussion 726-9. [PMID: 23415552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2012.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The homeostatic intracellular repair response (HIR2) is an endogenous beneficial pathway that eliminates damaged mitochondria and dysfunctional proteins in response to stress. The underlying mechanism is adaptive autophagy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the HIR2 response is activated in the heart in patients undergoing cardiac surgery and to assess whether it is associated with the duration of ischemic arrest and predicted surgical outcomes. STUDY DESIGN Autophagy was assessed in 19 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass or valve surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. Biopsies of the right atrial appendage obtained before initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass and after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass were analyzed for autophagy by immunoblotting for LC3, Beclin-1, autophagy 5-12, and p62. Changes in p62, a marker of autophagic flux, were correlated with duration of ischemia and with the mortality/morbidity risk scores obtained from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database (version 2.73). RESULTS Heart surgery was associated with a robust increase in autophagic flux indicated by depletion of LC3-I, LC3-II, Beclin-1, and autophagy 5-12; the magnitude of change for each of these factors correlated significantly with changes in the flux marker p62. In addition, changes in p62 correlated directly with cross-clamp time and inversely with the mortality and morbidity risk scores. CONCLUSIONS These findings are consistent with preclinical studies indicating that HIR2 is cardioprotective and reveal that it is activated in patients in response to myocardial ischemic stress. Strategies designed to amplify HIR2 during conditions of cardiac stress might have a therapeutic use and represent an entirely new approach to myocardial protection in patients undergoing heart surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salik M Jahania
- Department of Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Plée-Gautier E, Antoun J, Goulitquer S, Le Jossic-Corcos C, Simon B, Amet Y, Salaün JP, Corcos L. Statins increase cytochrome P450 4F3-mediated eicosanoids production in human liver cells: A PXR dependent mechanism. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:571-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
19
|
Ravingerová T, Čarnická S, Nemčeková M, Ledvényiová V, Adameová A, Kelly T, Barlaka E, Galatou E, Khandelwal VKM, Lazou A. PPAR-alpha activation as a preconditioning-like intervention in rats in vivo confers myocardial protection against acute ischaemia–reperfusion injury: involvement of PI3K–Akt. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:1135-44. [DOI: 10.1139/y2012-052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) regulate the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, energy production, and inflammation. Their role in ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) is less clear, although research indicates involvement of PPARs in some forms of preconditioning. This study aimed to explore the effects of PPAR-α activation on the I/R injury and potential cardioprotective downstream mechanisms involved. Langendorff-perfused hearts of rats pretreated with the selective PPAR-α agonist WY-14643 (WY, pirinixic acid; 3 mg·(kg body mass)·day–1; 5 days) were subjected to 30 min ischaemia – 2 h reperfusion with or without the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)–Akt inhibitor wortmannin for the evaluation of functional (left ventricular developed pressure, LVDP) recovery, infarct size (IS), and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias. A 2-fold increase in baseline PPAR-α mRNA levels (qPCR) in the WY-treated group and higher post-I/R PPAR-α levels compared with those in untreated controls were accompanied by similar changes in the expression of PPAR-α target genes PDK4 and mCPT-1, regulating glucose and fatty acid metabolism, and by enhanced Akt phosphorylation. Post-ischaemic LVDP restoration in WY-treated hearts reached 60% ± 9% of the pre-ischaemic values compared with 24% ± 3% in the control hearts (P < 0.05), coupled with reduced IS and incidence of ventricular fibrillation that was blunted by wortmannin. Results indicate that PPAR-α up-regulation may confer preconditioning-like protection via metabolic effects. Downstream mechanisms of PPAR-α-mediated cardioprotection may involve PI3K–Akt activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Táňa Ravingerová
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences and Centre of Excellence of SAS NOREG, POB 104, Dubravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Slávka Čarnická
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences and Centre of Excellence of SAS NOREG, POB 104, Dubravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Martina Nemčeková
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences and Centre of Excellence of SAS NOREG, POB 104, Dubravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Ledvényiová
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences and Centre of Excellence of SAS NOREG, POB 104, Dubravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Adriana Adameová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Tara Kelly
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Barlaka
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Galatou
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Antigone Lazou
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Balakumar P, Mahadevan N. Interplay between statins and PPARs in improving cardiovascular outcomes: a double-edged sword? Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:373-9. [PMID: 21790534 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01597.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins are best-selling medications in the management of high cholesterol and associated cardiovascular complications. They inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA)-reductase in order to prevent disproportionate cholesterol synthesis. Statins slow the progression of atherosclerosis, prevent the secondary cardiovascular events and improve the cardiovascular outcomes in patients with elevated cholesterol levels. The underlying mechanisms pertaining to the cardioprotective role of statins are linked with numerous pleiotropic actions including inhibition of inflammatory events and improvement of endothelial function, besides an effective cholesterol-lowering ability. Intriguingly, recent studies suggest possible interplay between statins and nuclear transcription factors like PPARs, which should also be taken into consideration while analysing the potential of statins in the management of cardiovascular complications. It could be suggested that statins have two major roles: (i) a well-established cholesterol-lowering effect through inhibition of HMG-CoA-reductase; (ii) a newly explored PPAR-activating property, which could mediate most of cardiovascular protective pleiotropic effects of statins including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-fibrotic properties. The present review addressed the underlying principles pertaining to the modulatory role of statins on PPARs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pitchai Balakumar
- Cardiovascular Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Rajendra Institute of Technology and Sciences, Sirsa, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Su F, Shi M, Yan Z, Ou D, Li J, Lu Z, Zheng Q. Simvastatin modulates remodeling of Kv4.3 expression in rat hypertrophied cardiomyocytes. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:236-48. [PMID: 22253567 PMCID: PMC3258563 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.8.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Hypertrophy has been shown to be associated with arrhythmias which can be caused by abnormal remodeling of the Kv4-family of transient potassium channels. Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (statins) have recently been shown to exert pleiotropic protective effects in cardiovascular diseases, including anti-arrhythmias. It is hypothesized that remodeling of Kv4.3 occurs in rat hypertrophied cardiomyocytes and is regulated by simvastatin. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats and neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) underwent abdominal aortic banding (AAB) for 7 weeks and angiotensin II (AngII) treatment, respectively, to induce cardiac hypertrophy. Kv4.3 expression by NRVMs and myocardium (subepicardial and subendocardial) in the left ventricle was measured. The transient outward potassium current (Ito) of NRVMs was recorded using a whole-cell patch-clamp method. Results: Expression of the Kv4.3 transcript and protein was significantly reduced in myocardium (subepicardial and subendocardial) in the left ventricle and in NRVMs. Simvastatin partially prevented the reduction of Kv4.3 expression in NRVMs and subepicardial myocardium but not in the subendocardial myocardium. Hypertrophied NRVMs exhibited a significant reduction in the Ito current and this effect was partially reversed by simvastatin. Conclusions: Simvastatin alleviated the reduction of Kv4.3 expression, Ito currents in hypertrophied NRVMs and alleviated the reduced Kv4.3 expression in subepicardial myocardium from the hypertrophied left ventricle. It can be speculated that among the pleiotropic effects of simvastatin, the anti-arrhythmia effect is partly mediated by its effect on Kv4.3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Su
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
ČARNICKÁ S, ADAMEOVÁ A, NEMČEKOVÁ M, MATEJÍKOVÁ J, PANCZA D, RAVINGEROVÁ T. Distinct Effects of Acute Pretreatment With Lipophilic and Hydrophilic Statins on Myocardial Stunning, Arrhythmias and Lethal Injury in the Rat Heart Subjected to Ischemia/Reperfusion. Physiol Res 2011; 60:825-30. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although both lipophilic and more hydrophilic statins share the same pathway of the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, their pleiotropic cardioprotective effects associated with the ability to cross cellular membranes, including membranes of heart cells, may differ. To test this hypothesis, isolated rat hearts were Langendorff-perfused either with simvastatin (S, 10 μmol/l) or pravastatin (P, 30 μmol/l), 15 min prior to ischemia. Control untreated hearts (C) were perfused with perfusion medium only. Postischemic contractile dysfunction, reperfusion-induced ventricular arrhythmias and infarct size were investigated after exposure of the hearts to 30-min global ischemia and 2-h reperfusion. Both lipophilic S and hydrophilic P reduced the severity of ventricular arrhythmias (arrhythmia score) from 4.3±0.2 in C to 3.0±0 and 2.7±0.2 in S and P, respectively, (both P<0.05), decreased the duration of ventricular tachycardia and suppressed ventricular fibrillation. Likewise, the extent of lethal injury (infarct size) determined by tetrazolium staining and expressed in percentage of risk area, was significantly lower in both treated groups, moreover, the effect of P was more pronounced (27±2 % and 10±2 % in S and P groups, respectively, vs. 42±1 % in C; P<0.05). In contrast, only S, but not P, was able to improve postischemic recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP; 48±12 % of preischemic values vs. 25±4 % in C and 21±7 % in P groups; P<0.05). Our results suggest that differences in water solubility of statins indicating a different ability to cross cardiac membranes may underlie their distinct cardioprotective effects on myocardial stunning and lethal injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - T. RAVINGEROVÁ
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Centre of Excellence NOREG SAS, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|