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Cokdinleyen M, Alvarez-Rivera G, Tejera JLG, Mendiola JA, Valdés A, Kara H, Ibáñez E, Cifuentes A. Tetraselmis chuii Edible Microalga as a New Source of Neuroprotective Compounds Obtained Using Fast Biosolvent Extraction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3897. [PMID: 38612712 PMCID: PMC11011474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetraselmis chuii is an EFSA-approved novel food and dietary supplement with increasing use in nutraceutical production worldwide. This study investigated the neuroprotective potential of bioactive compounds extracted from T. chuii using green biobased solvents (ethyl acetate, AcOEt, and cyclopentyl methyl ether, CPME) under pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) conditions and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Response surface optimization was used to study the effect of temperature and solvent composition on the neuroprotective properties of the PLE extracts, including anticholinergic activity, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) scavenging capacity, and anti-inflammatory activity. Optimized extraction conditions of 40 °C and 34.9% AcOEt in CPME resulted in extracts with high anticholinergic and ROS/RNS scavenging capacity, while operation at 180 °C and 54.1% AcOEt in CPME yielded extracts with potent anti-inflammatory properties using only 20 min. Chemical characterization revealed the presence of carotenoids (neoxanthin, violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, α- and β-carotene) known for their anti-cholinesterase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory potential. The extracts also exhibited high levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with a favorable ω-3/ω-6 ratio (>7), contributing to their neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, the extracts were found to be safe to use, as cytotoxicity assays showed no observed toxicity in HK-2 and THP-1 cell lines at or below a concentration of 40 μg mL-1. These results highlight the neuroprotective potential of Tetraselmis chuii extracts, making them valuable in the field of nutraceutical production and emphasize the interest of studying new green solvents as alternatives to conventional toxic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Cokdinleyen
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC—UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain (E.I.)
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Selçuk University, Ardıçlı, İsmetpaşa Cad, Selçuklu, 42250 Konya, Turkey
| | - Gerardo Alvarez-Rivera
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC—UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain (E.I.)
| | - Jose Luis González Tejera
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC—UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain (E.I.)
| | - José A. Mendiola
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC—UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain (E.I.)
| | - Alberto Valdés
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC—UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain (E.I.)
| | - Huseyin Kara
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Selçuk University, Ardıçlı, İsmetpaşa Cad, Selçuklu, 42250 Konya, Turkey
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC—UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain (E.I.)
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC—UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain (E.I.)
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Schulz MC, Kopf M, Gekle M. Crosstalk with renal proximal tubule cells drives acidosis-induced inflammatory response and dedifferentiation of fibroblasts via p38-singaling. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:148. [PMID: 38395872 PMCID: PMC10893741 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tubulointerstitial kidney disease associated microenvironmental dysregulation, like acidification, inflammation and fibrosis, affects tubule cells and fibroblasts. Micromilieu homeostasis influences intracellular signaling and intercellular crosstalk. Cell-cell communication in turn modulates the interstitial microenvironment. We assessed the impact of acidosis on inflammatory and fibrotic responses in proximal tubule cells and fibroblasts as a function of cellular crosstalk. Furthermore, cellular signaling pathways involved were identified. METHODS HK-2 (human proximal tubule) and CCD-1092Sk (human fibroblasts), in mono and coculture, were exposed to acidic or control media for 3 or 48 h. Protein expression of inflammation markers (TNF, TGF-ß and COX-2), dedifferentiation markers (N-cadherin, vinculin, ß-catenin and vimentin), fibrosis markers (collagen III and fibronectin) and phospho- as well as total MAPK levels were determined by western blot. Secreted collagen III and fibronectin were measured by ELISA. The impact of MAPK activation was assessed by pharmacological intervention. In addition, necrosis, apoptosis and epithelial permeability were determined. RESULTS Independent of culture conditions, acidosis caused a decrease of COX-2, vimentin and fibronectin expression in proximal tubule cells. Only in monoculture, ß-Catenin expression decreased and collagen III expression increased in tubule cells during acidosis. By contrast, in coculture collagen III protein expression of tubule cells was reduced. In fibroblasts acidosis led to an increase of TNF, COX-2, vimentin, vinculin, N-cadherin protein expression and a decrease of TGF-ß expression exclusively in coculture. In monoculture, expression of COX-2 and fibronectin was reduced. Collagen III expression of fibroblasts was reduced by acidosis independent of culture conditions. In coculture, acidosis enhanced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38 transiently in proximal tubule cells. In fibroblasts, acidosis enhanced phosphorylation of p38 in a sustained and very strong manner. ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 were not affected in fibroblasts. Inhibition of JNK1/2 and p38 under coculture conditions reduced acidosis-induced changes in fibroblasts significantly. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that the crosstalk between proximal tubule cells and fibroblasts is crucial for acidosis-induced dedifferentiation of fibroblasts into an inflammatory phenotype. This dedifferentiation is at least in part mediated by p38 and JNK1/2. Thus, cell-cell communication is essential for the pathophysiological impact of tubulointerstitial acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christin Schulz
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Magdeburger Straße 6, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Michael Kopf
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Magdeburger Straße 6, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Gekle
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Magdeburger Straße 6, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Chen Y, Xu F, Xiao X, Chi H, Lai Y, Lin X, Li Q, Song J, Wu W, Li Z, Yang X. Assessment of osteopontin as an early nephrotoxicity indicator in human renal proximal tubule cells and its application in evaluating lanthanum-induced nephrotoxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 271:115928. [PMID: 38215666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.115928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is a common adverse effect induced by various chemicals, necessitating the development of reliable toxicity screening models for nephrotoxicity assessment. In this study, we assessed a group of nephrotoxicity indicators derived from different toxicity pathways, including conventional endpoints and kidney tubular injury biomarkers such as clusterin (CLU), kidney injury molecule-I (KIM-1), osteopontin (OPN), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), using HK-2 and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived renal proximal tubular epithelial-like cells (PTLs). Among the biomarkers tested, OPN emerged as the most discerning and precise marker. The predictive potential of OPN was tested using a panel of 10 nephrotoxic and 5 non-nephrotoxic compounds. The results demonstrated that combining OPN with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) enhanced the diagnostic accuracy in both cellular models. Additionally, PTLs cells showed superior predictive efficacy for nephrotoxicity compared to HK-2 cells in this investigation. The two cellular models were utilized to evaluate the nephrotoxicity of lanthanum. The findings indicated that lanthanum possesses nephrotoxic properties; however, the degree of nephrotoxicity was relatively low, consistent with the outcomes of in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingsi Chen
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Feifei Xu
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xiaoxuan Xiao
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Huiqin Chi
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Yuefei Lai
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xiuqin Lin
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Qiuyun Li
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Jia Song
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Weiliang Wu
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Ziyin Li
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
| | - Xingfen Yang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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Liu S, Zhou H, Shi Y, Yi S, Wang X, Li J, Liao B, Cao J, Li G. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Renal Injury by Initiating Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Damage and Apoptosis in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:481-492. [PMID: 37119342 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03683-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely used in many fields due to their unique physicochemical properties. However, the renal toxicity of ZnO NPs and the underlying mechanisms have not been well studied. We found that ZnO NPs induced injury in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) in a dose- and size-dependent manner, as revealed by CCK-8, LDH and Annexin V-FITC assays. Mechanistically, ZnO NPs promoted oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage by generating ROS and induced apoptosis in HK-2 cells, as evidenced by the upregulation of Bax and Caspase 3 and downregulation of Beclin 1. In vivo, ZnO NPs induced tubular epithelial cell apoptosis and increased serum creatinine, serum urea nitrogen, and urinary protein in mice, suggesting damage to renal structure and function. These findings clarified our understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying ZnO NP-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury and contributed to estimating the risk of ZnO NPs to the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University and Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University and Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University and Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Simeng Yi
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University and Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University and Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jingyan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Bin Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jimin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030607, China.
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University and Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Gallego R, Valdés A, Suárez-Montenegro ZJ, Sánchez-Martínez JD, Cifuentes A, Ibáñez E, Herrero M. Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective evaluation of diverse microalgae extracts enriched in carotenoids. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gong J, Wu J, Zhang M, Gan W. Double-Negative T Cells Attenuate Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury via Upregulating IL-10/AT2R Axis. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3629373. [PMID: 35941899 PMCID: PMC9356808 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3629373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Our previous research showed that TCR+CD4-CD8-double-negative (DN) T cells protect renal epithelial cells from cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the mechanism underlying the effect of DN T cells against Cis-induced AKI. Methods HK-2 cells cultured alone or with DN T cells were treated with or without Cis. After treatment, the cell viability and death were analyzed by a CCK-8 kit and flow cytometric assay with Annexin V/PI staining, respectively. The expressions of inflammatory factors in HK-2 and DN T cells were analyzed using qPCR. The expression levels of nephrotoxicity-associated biomarkers (KIM, calbindin, and TIMP-1), Bcl-2, and angiotensin AT2 receptor (AT2R) were determined by Western blot and qPCR. Results The administration of cisplatin significantly decreased the cell viability and AT2R expression, and increased cell death, inflammatory factors, and nephrotoxicity-associated biomarkers of HK-2 cells, while these effects were partly attenuated when cocultured with DN T cells. IL-10 expression was significantly increased in DN T cells after coculture, and cisplatin treatment aggravated this elevation. IL-10 supplementation exhibited a similar effect to coculture, whereas anti-IL-10 antibody reversed the effect of coculture on cisplatin-treated HK-2 cells. Finally, PD123319, an AT2R antagonist, also reversed the effect of IL-10 and coculture on the cell viability, death, and the expression of KIM, calbindin, TIMP-1, and Bcl-2 of cisplatin-treated HK-2 cells. Conclusions DN T cells protected HK-2 cells from cisplatin-induced injury through IL-10/AT2R axis, which may act as a potential target for the treatment of cisplatin-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gong
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingshun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weihua Gan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Sánchez-Martínez JD, Valdés A, Gallego R, Suárez-Montenegro ZJ, Alarcón M, Ibañez E, Alvarez-Rivera G, Cifuentes A. Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability Study of Potential Neuroprotective Compounds Recovered From Plants and Agri-Food by-Products. Front Nutr 2022; 9:924596. [PMID: 35782945 PMCID: PMC9243654 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.924596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants and agri-food by-products represent a wide and renewable source of bioactive compounds with neuroprotective properties. In this research, various green extraction techniques were employed to recover bioactive molecules from Kalanchoe daigremontiana (kalanchoe), epicarp of Cyphomandra betacea (tamarillo), and cooperage woods from Robinia pseudoacacia (acacia) and Nothofagus pumilio (lenga), as well as a reference extract (positive control) from Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary). The neuroprotective capacity of these plant extracts was evaluated in a set of in vitro assays, including enzymatic [acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and lipoxygenase (LOX)] and antioxidant [ABTS, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS)] bioactivity tests. Extracts were also submitted to a parallel artificial membrane permeability assay mimicking the blood–brain barrier (PAMPA-BBB) and to two cell viability assays in HK-2 and SH-SY5Y cell lines. Comprehensive phytochemical profiling based on liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS) analysis showed enriched content of phenolic and terpenoid compounds in the target extracts. Moreover, in vitro bioactivity tests showed promising neuroprotective capacity, particularly for supercritical-fluid extraction (SFE) extract from acacia (ABTS IC50 = 0.11 μg ml−1; ROS IC50 = 1.56 μg ml−1; AChE IC50 = 4.23 μg ml−1; BChE IC50 = 1.20 μg ml−1; and LOX IC50 = 4.37 μg ml−1), whereas PAMPA-BBB assays revealed high perfusion capacity of some representative compounds, such as phenolic acids or flavonoids. Regarding cytotoxic assays, tamarillo and rosemary SFE extracts can be considered as non-toxic, acacia SFE extract and lenga pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) extract as mild-cytotoxic, and kalanchoe as highly toxic extracts. The obtained results demonstrate the great potential of the studied biomass extracts to be transformed into valuable food additives, food supplements, or nutraceuticals with promising neuroprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- José David Sánchez-Martínez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Valdés
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocio Gallego
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Zully Jimena Suárez-Montenegro
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Alarcón
- Area of Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Elena Ibañez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerardo Alvarez-Rivera
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Gerardo Alvarez-Rivera
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Alejandro Cifuentes
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Naffouje SA, Goto M, Coward LU, Gorman GS, Christov K, Wang J, Green A, Shilkaitis A, Das Gupta TK, Yamada T. Nontoxic Tumor-Targeting Optical Agents for Intraoperative Breast Tumor Imaging. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7371-7379. [PMID: 35544687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Precise identification of the tumor margins during breast-conserving surgery (BCS) remains a challenge given the lack of visual discrepancy between malignant and surrounding normal tissues. Therefore, we developed a fluorescent imaging agent, ICG-p28, for intraoperative imaging guidance to better aid surgeons in achieving negative margins in BCS. Here, we determined the pharmacokinetics (PK), biodistribution, and preclinical toxicity of ICG-p28. The PK and biodistribution of ICG-p28 indicated rapid tissue uptake and localization at tumor lesions. There were no dose-related effect and no significant toxicity in any of the breast cancer and normal cell lines tested. Furthermore, ICG-p28 was evaluated in clinically relevant settings with transgenic mice that spontaneously developed invasive mammary tumors. Intraoperative imaging with ICG-p28 showed a significant reduction in the tumor recurrence rate. This simple, nontoxic, and cost-effective method can offer a new approach that enables surgeons to intraoperatively identify tumor margins and potentially improves overall outcomes by reducing recurrence rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer A Naffouje
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Masahide Goto
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Lori U Coward
- McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical, Social and Administrative Sciences, Samford University, Birmingham, Alabama 35229, United States
| | - Gregory S Gorman
- McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical, Social and Administrative Sciences, Samford University, Birmingham, Alabama 35229, United States
| | - Konstantin Christov
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of Illinois College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Urbana, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Albert Green
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Anne Shilkaitis
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Tapas K Das Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Tohru Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.,Richard & Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois College of Medicine and Engineering, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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Sánchez-Martínez JD, Alvarez-Rivera G, Gallego R, Fagundes MB, Valdés A, Mendiola JA, Ibañez E, Cifuentes A. Neuroprotective potential of terpenoid-rich extracts from orange juice by-products obtained by pressurized liquid extraction. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100242. [PMID: 35498984 PMCID: PMC9040013 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Orange juice by-products valorized by green PLE process. Terpenoid-rich PLE extract with enhanced in-vitro neuroprotective activity. Molecular docking between terpenoids and active sites of the target enzymes. Selected PLE extracts show human cell-based neuroprotection capacity.
Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) conditions were optimized to improve the recovery of orange (Citrus sinensis) by-products terpenoids. The neuroprotective potential of the PLE extracts were tested against a set of in-vitro assay (antioxidant (ABTS), reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS)) as well as enzymatic tests (acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and lipoxygenase (LOX)). Gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-q-TOF-MS) analysis revealed a higher enrichment in mono- and sesquiterpenoids of the PLE extracts with the highest neuroprotection capacity. In-silico molecular docking analysis showed the specific interaction of representative terpenoids with enzymes active sites. The results demonstrate that the selected extract at 100 °C and 30 minutes possesses high antioxidant (ABTSIC50 = 13.5 μg mL−1; ROSIC50 = 4.4 μg mL−1), anti-cholinesterase (AChEIC50 = 137.1 vg L−1; BChEIC50 = 147.0 μg mL−1) and anti-inflammatory properties (against IL-6 and LOXIC50 = 76.1 μg mL−1), with low cytotoxicity and protection against L-glutamic acid in cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- José David Sánchez-Martínez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, UAM-CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerardo Alvarez-Rivera
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, UAM-CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocio Gallego
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, UAM-CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariane Bittencourt Fagundes
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alberto Valdés
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, UAM-CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Mendiola
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, UAM-CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Ibañez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, UAM-CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, UAM-CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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In vitro study on effect of bardoxolone methyl on cisplatin-induced cellular senescence in human proximal tubular cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:689-699. [PMID: 34973124 PMCID: PMC8857011 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bardoxolone methyl [methyl-2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9(11)dien-28-oate (CDDO-Me)], an activator of the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor2 pathway, is a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of kidney diseases. However, its effect against cellular senescence remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether CDDO-Me protects cells against cisplatin-induced cellular senescence using an in vitro model. The human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 was treated with cisplatin for 6 h, followed by treatment with or without CDDO-Me (0.1 or 0.2 μmol/L). Senescence markers were analyzed using western blotting and real-time PCR. Apoptosis was evaluated through TUNEL staining. Cisplatin induced changes in the levels of markers specific for proliferation, cell cycle, and senescence in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, IL-6 and IL-8 levels in the culture medium increased markedly. These data suggested that cellular senescence-like alterations occurred in HK-2 cells exposed to cisplatin. CDDO-Me treatment reversed the cisplatin-mediated alterations in the levels of cellular senescence markers. The antioxidant enzymes, HO1, NQO1, GPX1, and CAT were upregulated by CDDO-Me treatment. Furthermore, CDDO-Me treatment induced apoptosis in cisplatin-exposed HK-2 cells. Pretreatment with Ac-DEVD-CHO, the caspase inhibitor, suppressed the reversal effect of CDDO-Me against cisplatin-induced cellular senescence-like alterations. This study showed that CDDO-Me attenuated cisplatin-induced premature senescence of HK-2 cells. This beneficial effect may be related to Nrf2 activation. Our findings also showed that CDDO-Me induced apoptosis in cisplatin-treated HK-2 cells, potentially protecting the kidneys from cellular senescence. CDDO-Me appears to be a candidate treatment for acute kidney injury.
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11
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Yu P, Duan Z, Liu S, Pachon I, Ma J, Hemstreet GP, Zhang Y. Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity Assessment in 3D Cellular Models. MICROMACHINES 2021; 13:mi13010003. [PMID: 35056167 PMCID: PMC8780064 DOI: 10.3390/mi13010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The kidneys are often involved in adverse effects and toxicity caused by exposure to foreign compounds, chemicals, and drugs. Early predictions of these influences are essential to facilitate new, safe drugs to enter the market. However, in current drug treatments, drug-induced nephrotoxicity accounts for 1/4 of reported serious adverse reactions, and 1/3 of them are attributable to antibiotics. Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is driven by multiple mechanisms, including altered glomerular hemodynamics, renal tubular cytotoxicity, inflammation, crystal nephropathy, and thrombotic microangiopathy. Although the functional proteins expressed by renal tubules that mediate drug sensitivity are well known, current in vitro 2D cell models do not faithfully replicate the morphology and intact renal tubule function, and therefore, they do not replicate in vivo nephrotoxicity. The kidney is delicate and complex, consisting of a filter unit and a tubular part, which together contain more than 20 different cell types. The tubular epithelium is highly polarized, and maintaining cellular polarity is essential for the optimal function and response to environmental signals. Cell polarity depends on the communication between cells, including paracrine and autocrine signals, as well as biomechanical and chemotaxis processes. These processes affect kidney cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. For drug disposal research, the microenvironment is essential for predicting toxic reactions. This article reviews the mechanism of drug-induced kidney injury, the types of nephrotoxicity models (in vivo and in vitro models), and the research progress related to drug-induced nephrotoxicity in three-dimensional (3D) cellular culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yu
- Difficult & Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center, Fourth Department of Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (P.Y.); (Z.D.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhongping Duan
- Difficult & Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center, Fourth Department of Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (P.Y.); (Z.D.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Difficult & Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center, Fourth Department of Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (P.Y.); (Z.D.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ivan Pachon
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Jianxing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | | | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-336-713-1189
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12
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Suárez-Montenegro ZJ, Ballesteros-Vivas D, Gallego R, Valdés A, Sánchez-Martínez JD, Parada-Alfonso F, Ibáñez E, Cifuentes A. Neuroprotective Potential of Tamarillo ( Cyphomandra betacea) Epicarp Extracts Obtained by Sustainable Extraction Process. Front Nutr 2021; 8:769617. [PMID: 34869538 PMCID: PMC8634709 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.769617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamarillo (Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendt.), or tree tomato, is a tropical fruit from the Andean region of South America; it is highly rich in vitamins, minerals, and polyphenolic compounds. In this study, extracts from tamarillo epicarp (TE) were obtained by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and their in-vitro neuroprotective potential was assessed. A central composite design with response surface methodology was performed to optimize PLE as a function of solvent composition and temperature. Selected response variables were extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total carotenoid content (TCC), antioxidant (ABTS), and anti-inflammatory (LOX) activities, and anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory capacity. According to the desirability function, the optimal conditions were 100% ethanol and 180°C with a 0.87 desirability value. Next, the anti-butyrylcholinesterase enzyme (BChE), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) inhibition as well as cytotoxicity in HK-2, THP-1 monocytes, and SH-5YSY neuroblastoma cell lines were studied for the TE extract obtained under optimized conditions. The optimum TE extract provided the following results: extraction yield (36.25%), TPC (92.09 mg GAE/g extract), TFC (4.4 mg QE/g extract), TCC (107.15 mg CE/g extract), antioxidant capacity (ABTS, IC50 = 6.33 mg/ml extract), LOX (IC50 = 48.3 mg/ml extract), and AChE (IC50 = 97.46 mg/ml extract), and showed no toxicity at concentration up to 120 μg/ml extract for all the tested cell lines. Finally, chemical characterization by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-q-TOF-MS/MS) of the optimum TE extract exhibited an important presence of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and other phenolic acids as well as quercetin hexoside and rutin, as main metabolites responsible for the observed biological properties. All these results suggested that TE, which represents between 8 and 15% of the total fruit, could become a promising natural by-product with a potential "multitarget" activity against Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zully Jimena Suárez-Montenegro
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Facultad de Ingenieria Agroindustrial, Universidad de Nariño, Pasto, Colombia
| | - Diego Ballesteros-Vivas
- High Pressure Laboratory, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Food Chemistry Research Group, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.,Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rocío Gallego
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Valdés
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Fabián Parada-Alfonso
- High Pressure Laboratory, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Food Chemistry Research Group, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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13
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Viegas C, Twarużek M, Dias M, Almeida B, Carolino E, Soszczyńska E, Viegas S, Aranha Caetano L. Cytotoxicity of filtering respiratory protective devices from the waste sorting industry: A comparative study between interior layer and exhalation valve. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 155:106603. [PMID: 33940392 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Filtering respiratory protection devices (FRPD) are mandatory for workers to wear in the Portuguese waste-sorting industry. Previous results regarding microbial contamination found on FRPD interior layer raised the question of whether microbial contamination from the exhalation valve would also have cytotoxicity effects. Since the FRPD exhalation valves are very close to workers' nose and mouth, they represent a source of exposure to bioburden by inhalation. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the microbial contamination present in the FRPD exhalation valves. For this purpose, the cytotoxicity effects were determined through the MTT assay in two different cell lines (human A549 epithelial lung cells, and swine kidney cells) and compared with previous results obtained with FRPD interior layers. The contamination present in the FRPD exhalation valves presented some cytotoxicity on epithelial lung cells, suggesting the inhalation route as a potential route of exposure through the use of FRPD in the waste-sorting industry. Half-maximal (50%) inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were lower for FRPD interior layer than exhalation valves in lung cells, with overall cytotoxicity lower in exhalation valves when compared to interior layer (z = -4.455, p = 0.000). Higher bacterial counts in TSA were correlated with lower IC50 values, thus, higher cytotoxicity effect in lung cells. No statistically significant differences were detected among different workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Viegas
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal; NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal; Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Portugal.
| | - Magdalena Twarużek
- Kazimierz Wielki University, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marta Dias
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Almeida
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Carolino
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ewelina Soszczyńska
- Kazimierz Wielki University, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Susana Viegas
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal; NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal; Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Portugal
| | - Liliana Aranha Caetano
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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14
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Suárez Montenegro ZJ, Álvarez-Rivera G, Sánchez-Martínez JD, Gallego R, Valdés A, Bueno M, Cifuentes A, Ibáñez E. Neuroprotective Effect of Terpenoids Recovered from Olive Oil By-Products. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071507. [PMID: 34209864 PMCID: PMC8306477 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroprotective potential of 32 natural extracts obtained from olive oil by-products was investigated. The online coupling of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and dynamic adsorption/desorption allowed the selective enrichment of olive leaves extracts in different terpenoids’ families. Seven commercial adsorbents based on silica gel, zeolite, aluminum oxide, and sea sand were used with SFE at three different extraction times to evaluate their selectivity towards different terpene families. Collected fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-QTOF-MS) to quantify the recoveries of monoterpenes (C10), sesquiterpenes (C15), diterpenes (C20), and triterpenes (C30). A systematic analysis of the neuroprotective activity of the natural extracts was then carried out. Thus, a set of in vitro bioactivity assays including enzymatic (acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)), and anti-inflammatory (lipoxidase (LOX)), as well as antioxidant (ABTS), and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively) activity tests were applied to screen for the neuroprotective potential of these extracts. Statistical analysis showed that olive leaves adsorbates from SS exhibited the highest biological activity potential in terms of neuroprotective effect. Blood–brain barrier permeation and cytotoxicity in HK-2 cells and human THP-1 monocytes were studied for the selected olive leaves fraction corroborating its potential.
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15
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Abstract
Drug induced kidney injury is one of the leading causes of failure of drug development programs in the clinic. Early prediction of renal toxicity potential of drugs is crucial to the success of drug candidates in the clinic. The dynamic nature of the functioning of the kidney and the presence of drug uptake proteins introduce additional challenges in the prediction of renal injury caused by drugs. Renal injury due to drugs can be caused by a wide variety of mechanisms and can be broadly classified as toxic or obstructive. Several biomarkers are available for in vitro and in vivo detection of renal injury. In vitro static and dynamic (microfluidic) cellular models and preclinical models can provide valuable information regarding the toxicity potential of drugs. Differences in pharmacology and subsequent disconnect in biomarker response, differences in the expression of transporter and enzyme proteins between in vitro to in vivo systems and between preclinical species and humans are some of the limitations of current experimental models. The progress in microfluidic (kidney-on-chip) platforms in combination with the ability of 3-dimensional cell culture can help in addressing some of these issues in the future. Finally, newer in silico and computational techniques like physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling and machine learning have demonstrated potential in assisting prediction of drug induced kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kulkarni
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a fully owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
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16
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Mossoba ME, Sprando RL. In Vitro to In Vivo Concordance of Toxicity Using the Human Proximal Tubule Cell Line HK-2. Int J Toxicol 2020; 39:452-464. [PMID: 32723106 DOI: 10.1177/1091581820942534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The renal proximal tubule cell line, human kidney 2 (HK-2), recapitulates many of the functional cellular and molecular characteristics of differentiated primary proximal tubule cells. These features include anchorage dependence, gluconeogenesis capability, and sodium-dependent sugar transport. In order to ascertain how well HK-2 cells can reliably reveal the toxicological profile of compounds having a potential to cause proximal tubule injury in vivo, we sought to evaluate the effects of known proximal tubule toxicants using the HK-2 cell line. We selected 20 pure nephrotoxic compounds that included chemotherapeutic drugs, antibiotics, and heavy metal-containing compounds and evaluated their ability to induce HK-2 cell injury relative to 10 innocuous pure compounds or cell culture media alone. We performed a comprehensive set of in vitro cellular toxicological assays to evaluate cell viability, oxidative stress, mitochondrial integrity, and a specific biomarker of renal injury, Kidney Injury Molecule 1. For each of our selected compounds, we were able to establish a reproducible profile of toxicological outcomes. We compared our results to those described in peer-reviewed publications to understand how well the HK-2 cellular model agrees with overall in vivo rat or human toxicological outcomes. This study begins to address the question of how well in vitro data generated with HK-2 cells can mirror in vivo animal and human outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam E Mossoba
- Division of Toxicology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 4137US Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Robert L Sprando
- Division of Toxicology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 4137US Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, USA
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17
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Karaman E, Ariman I, Ozden S. Responses of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines after zearalenone exposure in human kidney cells. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2020. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2019.2512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone is a mycotoxin widely found worldwide that is produced by several fungal species. Due to its similarity to estradiol, it has been shown to have toxic effects on the reproductive system. Although various animal studies have been conducted to investigate the toxic effects of zearalenone, the mechanisms of toxicity have not been fully elucidated. The aim of the study was to investigate the dose-dependent toxic effects of zearalenone exposure in human kidney cells. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration values of zearalenone in HK-2 cells were found to be 133.42 and 101.74 µM in MTT- and NRU-tests, respectively. Zearalenone exposure at concentrations of 1, 10 and 50 µM decreased cell proliferation by 2.1, 11.07 and 24.34%, respectively. Reactive oxygen species levels increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner. A significant increase was observed in the expressions of MGMT, α-GST, Hsp70 and HO-1 genes, which are associated with oxidative damage, while a significant decrease in L-Fabp gene expression was observed. Moreover, zearalenone increased gene expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, TNFα and MAPK8. Significant increases were observed at the level of global DNA methylation and expression of DNMT1 in all exposure groups. These results indicate that changes in DNA methylation and oxidative damage may play an important role in the toxicity of zearalenone.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.F. Karaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116-Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biruni University, 34010-Topkapi, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - I. Ariman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116-Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S. Ozden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116-Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Mossoba ME, Vohra SN, Bigley E, Sprando J, Wiesenfeld PL. Genetically Engineered Human Kidney Cells for Real-Time Cytotoxicity Testing In Vitro. Mol Biotechnol 2020; 62:252-259. [PMID: 32146690 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-020-00245-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Classic toxicology studies often utilize in vivo animal models. Newer approaches employing in vitro organ-specific cellular models have been developed in recent years to help accelerate the speed and reduce the cost of traditional toxicology testing. Toward the goal of supporting in vitro cellular model research with a regulatory application in mind, we have developed a 'designer' human kidney cell line called HK2-Vi that can fluorescently measure the cytotoxicity of potential toxins on proximal tubule cell viability in a direct exposure in vitro model. HK2-Vi was designed to be a reagent-less kinetic assay that can yield data on short- or long-term cell viability after toxin exposure. To generate HK2-Vi, we used monocistronic lentiviral transduction methods to genetically engineer a human kidney cell line called HK-2 to stably co-express two transgenes. The first is Perceval HR, which encodes a fluorescent biosensor of both cytosolic ATP and ADP and the second is pHRed, which encodes a biosensor of cytosolic pH. Relative levels of cellular ATP and ADP effectively serve as a reliable and robust indicator of cell viability. Because the fluorescence Perceval HR is pH-dependent, we co-expressed the pHRed genetic biosensor to correct for variations in pH if necessary. Heterogenous populations of transduced renal cells were enriched by flow cytometry before monoclonal cellular populations were isolated by cell culture methods. A single clonal population of co-transduced cells expressing both Perceval HR and pHRed was selected to be HK2-Vi. This established cell line can now serve as a tool for in vitro toxicology testing and the methods described herein serve as a model for developing designer cell lines derived from other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam E Mossoba
- Neurotoxicology and In Vitro Toxicology Branch (NIVTB), Division of Applied Regulatory Toxicology (DART), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Laurel, MD, USA.
| | - Sanah N Vohra
- Neurotoxicology and In Vitro Toxicology Branch (NIVTB), Division of Applied Regulatory Toxicology (DART), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Elmer Bigley
- Immunobiology Branch (IB), Division of Virulence Assessment (DVA), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Sprando
- Neurotoxicology and In Vitro Toxicology Branch (NIVTB), Division of Applied Regulatory Toxicology (DART), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Paddy L Wiesenfeld
- Neurotoxicology and In Vitro Toxicology Branch (NIVTB), Division of Applied Regulatory Toxicology (DART), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Laurel, MD, USA
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19
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Vaz I, Carvalho T, Valente MJ, Castro A, Araújo AM, Bastos ML, Carvalho M. The interplay between autophagy and apoptosis mediates toxicity triggered by synthetic cathinones in human kidney cells. Toxicol Lett 2020; 331:42-52. [PMID: 32464236 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic cathinones abuse remains a serious public health problem. Kidney injury has been reported in intoxications associated with synthetic cathinones, but the molecular mechanisms involved have not been explored yet. In this study, the potential in vitro nephrotoxic effects of four commonly abused cathinone derivatives, namely pentedrone, 3,4-dimethylmethcatinone (3,4-DMMC), methylone and 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), were assessed in the human kidney HK-2 cell line. All four derivatives elicited cell death in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, in the following order of potency: 3,4-DMMC >> MDPV > methylone ≈ pentedrone. 3,4-DMMC and methylone were selected to further elucidate the mechanisms behind synthetic cathinones-induced cell death. Both drugs elicited apoptotic cell death and prompted the formation of acidic vesicular organelles and autophagosomes in HK-2 cells. Moreover, the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine significantly potentiated cell death, indicating that autophagy may serve as a cell survival mechanism that protects renal cells against synthetic cathinones toxicity. Both drugs triggered a rise in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species formation, which was completely prevented by antioxidant treatment with N‑acetyl‑L‑cysteine or ascorbic acid. Importantly, these antioxidant agents significantly aggravated renal cell death induced by cathinone derivatives, most likely due to their autophagy-blocking properties. Taken together, our results support an intricate control of cell survival/death modulated by oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy in synthetic cathinones-induced renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Vaz
- UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa, Praça Nove de Abril, 349, 4249-004, Porto, Portugal
| | - T Carvalho
- UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa, Praça Nove de Abril, 349, 4249-004, Porto, Portugal
| | - M J Valente
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - A Castro
- UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa, Praça Nove de Abril, 349, 4249-004, Porto, Portugal
| | - A M Araújo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - M L Bastos
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Carvalho
- UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa, Praça Nove de Abril, 349, 4249-004, Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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20
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Udawatte NS, Kang SW, Wang Y, Arumugam TV, Seneviratne CJ. Predictive Nephrotoxicity Profiling of a Novel Antifungal Small Molecule in Comparison to Amphotericin B and Voriconazole. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:511. [PMID: 32390849 PMCID: PMC7193989 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Candida albicans is the major fungal species associated with superficial mucosal infections such as oral candidiasis as well as systemic mycoses with high morbidity and mortality. On top of the rising drug resistance, currently available antifungal agents have significant adverse effects. Nephrotoxicity is the major treatment complication associated with antifungal agents.Recently, we discovered a novel antifungal small molecule SM21 with promising antifungal activity. The present study aimed to comparatively evaluate the in vivo and in vitro nephrotoxicity of SM21 comparing with Amphotericin B and voriconazole. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Nephrotoxicity of SM21 and its analogue were comparatively evaluated with Amphotericin B (AmB) and voriconazole. Immortalized human kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells (HK-2) were used for in vitro analysis of nephrotoxicity using cytotoxicity assays and qPCR gene expression analysis (Kim-1/HAVcr-1, CASP3). Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model was used to evaluate the nephrotoxicity in vivo using classical (SCr and BUN) and next-generation kidney injury urinary biomarkers (Kim-1, CLU, ALB, NGAL, β2M, and Cys C) alongside histopathological and immunohistochemical standards. KEY RESULTS AmB treatment showed a stronger cytotoxic impact on HK-2 viability and gene expression of cell death markers (Kim-1/HAVcr-1, CASP3) compared with SM21 and SM21 analogue in vitro (P < 0.01). In vivo data further demonstrated that SM21 did not significantly increase classical as well as novel nephrotoxic biomarkers, and minimal renal tubular necrosis and abnormalities were observed (15 mg kg-1 BW/day). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS SM21 had a significantly better safety profile in terms of nephrotoxicity with no major tubular epithelial abnormalities observed in kidney cells and no augmentation of kidney injury biomarkers compared to AmB. Kim-1 and CLU were the most sensitive biomarkers for detection of AmB-induced kidney damage. Future clinical trials should consider inclusion of these novel biomarkers as early indicators of acute kidney injury in antifungal-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeeka S. Udawatte
- National Dental Centre Singapore, Oral Health ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sung Wook Kang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thiruma V. Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chaminda J. Seneviratne
- National Dental Centre Singapore, Oral Health ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Lee D, Kang KB, Kim HW, Park JS, Hwang GS, Kang KS, Choi S, Yamabe N, Kim KH. Unique Triterpenoid of Jujube Root Protects Cisplatin-induced Damage in Kidney Epithelial LLC-PK1 Cells via Autophagy Regulation. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030677. [PMID: 32131519 PMCID: PMC7146250 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to cisplatin is associated with irreversible kidney impairment. In this present study, we explored the protective effects of 3-dehydroxyceanothetric acid 2-methyl ester (3DC2ME) isolated from roots of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba, Rhamnaceae) against cisplatin-induced damage in vitro. In kidney epithelial LLC-PK1 cells, western blotting and staining with specific autophagy epifluorescent dye CytoID were used to determine the molecular pathways involving autophagy. Treatment with 3DC2ME reduced the increased Cyto-ID-stained autophagic vesicles and reversed the protein expressions of 5' AMP-activated protein kinase subunit β-1 (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent signaling pathway in cisplatin-induced cell death. Additionally, treatment with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and with or without 3DC2ME attenuated the cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Although further research is necessary to substantiate the effects, we evaluated the potential mechanism of action of 3DC2ME as an adjuvant for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahae Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Kyo Bin Kang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea;
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Jung Sik Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea; (J.S.P.); (G.S.H.); (K.S.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Gwi Seo Hwang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea; (J.S.P.); (G.S.H.); (K.S.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea; (J.S.P.); (G.S.H.); (K.S.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Sungyoul Choi
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea; (J.S.P.); (G.S.H.); (K.S.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Noriko Yamabe
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea; (J.S.P.); (G.S.H.); (K.S.K.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (N.Y.); (K.H.K.); Tel.: +82-31-750-5402 (N.Y.); +82-31-290-7730 (K.H.K.)
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
- Correspondence: (N.Y.); (K.H.K.); Tel.: +82-31-750-5402 (N.Y.); +82-31-290-7730 (K.H.K.)
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Li YY, Lu XY, Sun JL, Wang QQ, Zhang YD, Zhang JB, Fan XH. Potential hepatic and renal toxicity induced by the biflavonoids from Ginkgo biloba. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 17:672-681. [PMID: 31526502 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Evidence continues to grow on potential health risks associated with Ginkgo biloba and its constituents. While biflavonoid is a subclass of the flavonoid family in Ginkgo biloba with a plenty of pharmacological properties, the potential toxicological effects of biflavonoids remains largely unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo toxicological effects of the biflavonoids from Ginkgo biloba (i.e., amentoflavone, sciadopitysin, ginkgetin, isoginkgetin, and bilobetin). In the in vitro cytotoxicity test, the five biflavonoids all reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner in human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) and human normal hepatocytes (L-02), indicating they might have potential liver and kidney toxicity. In the in vivo experiments, after intragastrical administration of these biflavonoids at 20 mg·kg-1·d-1 for 7 days, serum biochemical analysis and histopathological examinations were performed. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly increased after all the biflavonoid administrations and widespread hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes was observed in ginkgetin or bilobetin-treated mice. Moreover, the five biflavonoids all induced acute kidney injury in treated mice and the main pathological lesions were confirmed to the tubule, glomeruli, and interstitium injuries. As the in vitro and in vivo results suggested that these biflavonoids may be more toxic to the kidney than the liver, we further detected the mechanism of biflavonoids-induced nephrotoxicity. The increased TUNEL-positive cells were detected in kidney tissues of biflavonoids-treated mice, accompanied by elevated expression of proapoptotic protein BAX and unchanged levels of antiapoptotic protein BCL-2, indicating apoptosis was involved in biflavonoids-induced nephrotoxicity. Taken together, our results suggested that the five biflavonoids from Ginkgo biloba may have potential hepatic and renal toxicity and more attentions should be paid to ensure Ginkgo biloba preparations safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ying Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Lu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia-Li Sun
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qing-Qing Wang
- Zhejiang University - Wanbangde Pharmaceutical Group Joint Research Center for Chinese Medicine Modernization, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yao-Dan Zhang
- Zhejiang University - Wanbangde Pharmaceutical Group Joint Research Center for Chinese Medicine Modernization, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian-Bing Zhang
- Zhejiang University - Wanbangde Pharmaceutical Group Joint Research Center for Chinese Medicine Modernization, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Fan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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23
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Liao XY, Deng QQ, Han L, Wu ZT, Peng ZL, Xie Y, Wang GJ, Aa JY, Pan GY. Leflunomide increased the renal exposure of acyclovir by inhibiting OAT1/3 and MRP2. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:129-137. [PMID: 31341258 PMCID: PMC7470779 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis patients can be prescribed a combination of immunosuppressive drug leflunomide (LEF) and the antiviral drug acyclovir to reduce the high risk of infection. Acyclovir is a substrate of organic anion transporter (OAT) 1/3 and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) 2. Considering the extraordinarily long half-life of LEF's active metabolite teriflunomide (TER) and the kidney injury risk of acyclovir, it is necessary to elucidate the potential impact of LEF on the disposition of acyclovir. Here we used a specific MRP inhibitor MK571 and probenecid (OAT1/3 and MRP2 inhibitor) to assess the effects of MRP2 and OAT1/3 on the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of acyclovir in rats. We showed that LEF and probenecid, but not MK571 significantly increased the plasma concentration of acyclovir. However, kidney and liver exposures of acyclovir were increased when coadministered with LEF, probenecid or MK571. The kidney/plasma ratio of acyclovir was increased to approximately 2-fold by LEF or probenecid, whereas it was increased to as much as 14.5-fold by MK571. Consistently, these drugs markedly decreased the urinary excretion of acyclovir. TER (0.5-100 μmol/L) dose-dependently increased the accumulation of acyclovir in MRP2-MDCK cells with an IC50 value of 4.91 μmol/L. TER (5 μmol/L) significantly inhibited the uptake of acyclovir in hOAT1/3-HEK293 cells. These results suggest that LEF/TER increased the kidney accumulation of acyclovir by inhibiting the efflux transporter MRP2, which increased its kidney/plasma ratio and renal injury risk. However, the inhibitory effects of LEF/TER on OAT1/3 reduced the tubular cells' uptake of acyclovir and increased the plasma concentration.
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24
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Kang HM, Lim JH, Noh KH, Park D, Cho HS, Susztak K, Jung CR. Effective reconstruction of functional organotypic kidney spheroid for in vitro nephrotoxicity studies. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17610. [PMID: 31772214 PMCID: PMC6879515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stable and reproducible kidney cellular models could accelerate our understanding of diseases, help therapeutics development, and improve nephrotoxicity screenings. Generation of a reproducible in vitro kidney models has been challenging owing to the cellular heterogeneity and structural complexity of the kidney. We generated mixed immortalized cell lines that stably maintained their characteristic expression of renal epithelial progenitor markers for the different lineages of kidney cellular compartments via the BMP7 signaling pathway from a mouse and a human whole kidney. These cells were used to generate functional and matured kidney spheroids containing multiple renal lineages, such as the proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubules, and podocytes, using extracellular matrix and physiological force, named spheroid-forming unit (SFU). They expressed all apical and basolateral transporters that are important for drug metabolism and displayed key functional aspects of the proximal tubule, including protein endocytosis and increased gamma-glutamyltransferase activity, and cyclic AMP responded to external cues, such as parathyroid hormone. Following exposure, cells fluxed and took up drugs via proximal tubule-specific apical or basolateral transporters, and displayed increased cell death and expression of renal injury marker. Here, we developed a new differentiation method to generate kidney spheroids that structurally recapitulate important features of the kidney effectively and reproducibly using mixed immortalized renal cells, and showed their application for renal toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Mi Kang
- Laboratory of Disease Modeling and Therapeutics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Lim
- Laboratory of Disease Modeling and Therapeutics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Noh
- Laboratory of Disease Modeling and Therapeutics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmin Park
- Laboratory of Disease Modeling and Therapeutics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Cho-Rok Jung
- Laboratory of Disease Modeling and Therapeutics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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25
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In vitro toxicological assessment of free 3-MCPD and select 3-MCPD esters on human proximal tubule HK-2 cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2019; 36:209-221. [PMID: 31686351 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-019-09498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chloropropanols are chemical contaminants that can be formed during industrial processing of foods, such as lipids used in commercially available infant and toddler formula in the USA. Many researchers have studied the most common chloropropanol contaminant, 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), as well as its lipid ester derivatives. A plethora of toxicological outcomes have been described in vivo, including effects on the heart, nervous system, reproductive organs, and kidneys. To better understand the concordance of some of these effects to in vitro outcomes, we focused our research on using an in vitro cellular model to investigate whether the proximal tubule cells of the kidney would be vulnerable to the effects of free 3-MCPD and nine of its common esters in commercial formula. Using the established human kidney proximal tubule cell line, HK-2, we performed 24-h treatments using 3-MCPD and nine mono- or di-esters derived from palmitate, oleate, and linoleate. By directly exposing HK-2 cells at treatment doses ranging from 0 to 100 μM, we could evaluate their effects on cell viability, mitochondrial health, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and other endpoints of toxicity. Since chloropropanols reportedly inhibit cellular metabolism through interference with glycolysis, we also tested the extent of this mechanism. Overall, we found mild but statistically significant evidence of cytotoxicity at the highest tested treatment concentrations, which were also associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and transient perturbations in cellular metabolism. Based on these findings, further studies will be required to better understand the effects of these compounds under conditions that are more physiologically relevant to human infant and toddler proximal tubules in order to mimic their exposure to chloropropanol-containing foods.
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26
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Ward DB, Brown KC, Valentovic MA. Radiocontrast Agent Diatrizoic Acid Induces Mitophagy and Oxidative Stress via Calcium Dysregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174074. [PMID: 31438500 PMCID: PMC6747199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is the third most common cause of hospital associated kidney damage. Potential mechanisms of CI-AKI may involve diminished renal hemodynamics, inflammatory responses, and direct cytotoxicity. The hypothesis for this study is that diatrizoic acid (DA) induces direct cytotoxicity to human proximal tubule (HK-2) cells via calcium dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. HK-2 cells were exposed to 0–30 mg I/mL DA or vehicle for 2–24 h. Conversion of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and trypan blue exclusion indicated a decrease in mitochondrial and cell viability within 2 and 24 h, respectively. Mitochondrial dysfunction was apparent within 8 h post exposure to 15 mg I/mL DA as shown by Seahorse XF cell mito and Glycolysis Stress tests. Mitophagy was increased at 8 h by 15 mg I/mL DA as confirmed by elevated LC3BII/I expression ratio. HK-2 cells pretreated with calcium level modulators BAPTA-AM, EGTA, or 2-aminophenyl borinate abrogated DA-induced mitochondrial damage. DA increased oxidative stress biomarkers of protein carbonylation and 4-hydroxynonenol (4HNE) adduct formation. Caspase 3 and 12 activation was induced by DA compared to vehicle at 24 h. These studies indicate that clinically relevant concentrations of DA impair HK-2 cells by dysregulating calcium, inducing mitochondrial turnover and oxidative stress, and activating apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota B Ward
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Kathleen C Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Monica A Valentovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
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27
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Královec K, Havelek R, Kročová E, Kučírková L, Hauschke M, Bartáček J, Palarčík J, Sedlák M. Silica coated iron oxide nanoparticles-induced cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and its underlying mechanism in human HK-2 renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 844:35-45. [PMID: 31326033 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have a great potential with regard to cell labelling, cell tracking, cell separation, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic hyperthermia, targeted drug and gene delivery. However, a growing body of research has raised concerns about the possible unwanted adverse cytotoxic effects of IONPs. In the present study, the in vitro cellular uptake, antiproliferative activity, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, prooxidant, microtubule-disrupting and apoptosis-inducing effect of Fe3O4@SiO2 and passivated Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2 nanoparticles on human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (HK-2) have been studied. Both investigated silica coated IONPs were found to have cell growth-inhibitory activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Determination of cell cycle phase distribution by flow cytometry demonstrated a G1 and G2/M phase accumulation of HK-2 cells. A tetrazolium salt cytotoxicity assay at 24 h following treatment demonstrated that cell viability was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Microscopy observations showed that both Fe3O4@SiO2 and Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2 nanoparticles accumulated in cells and appeared to have microtubule-disrupting activity. Our study also revealed that short term 1 h exposure to 25 and 100 μg/mL of silica coated IONPs causes genotoxicity. Compared with vehicle control cells, a significantly higher amount of γH2AX foci correlating with an increase in DNA double-strand breaks was observed in Fe3O4@SiO2 and Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2-treated and immunestained HK-2 cells. The investigated nanoparticles did not trigger significant ROS generation and apoptosis-mediated cell death. In conclusion, these findings provide new insights into the cytotoxicity of silica coated IONPs that may support their further safer use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Královec
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic.
| | - Radim Havelek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Kročová
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Kučírková
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hauschke
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bartáček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Palarčík
- Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Sedlák
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Handl J, Čapek J, Majtnerová P, Petira F, Hauschke M, Roušarová E, Roušar T. Transient increase in cellular dehydrogenase activity after cadmium treatment precedes enhanced production of reactive oxygen species in human proximal tubular kidney cells. Physiol Res 2019; 68:481-490. [PMID: 30904015 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a heavy metal causing toxicity especially in kidney cells. The toxicity is linked also with enhanced oxidative stress leading to cell death. On the other hand, our recent experiments have shown that an increase of total intracellular dehydrogenases activity can also occur in kidney cells before declining until cell death. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to evaluate this transient enhancement in cell viability after cadmium treatment. The human kidney HK-2 cell line was treated with CdCl(2) at concentrations 0-200 microM for 2-24 h and intracellular dehydrogenase activity was tested. In addition, we measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glutathione levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, and C-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. We found that significantly increased dehydrogenase activity could occur in cells treated with 25, 100, and 200 microM CdCl(2). Moreover, the results showed an increase in ROS production linked with JNK activation following the enhancement of dehydrogenase activity. Other tests detected no relationship with the increased in intracellular dehydrogenase activity. Hence, the transient increase in dehydrogenase activity in HK-2 cells preceded the enhancement of ROS production and our finding provides new evidence in cadmium kidney toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Handl
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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Sakolish CM, Philip B, Mahler GJ. A human proximal tubule-on-a-chip to study renal disease and toxicity. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:014107. [PMID: 30867877 PMCID: PMC6404920 DOI: 10.1063/1.5083138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Renal disease is a global problem with unsustainable health-care costs. There currently exists a lack of accurate human renal disease models that take into account the complex microenvironment of these tissues. Here, we present a reusable microfluidic model of the human proximal tubule and glomerulus, which allows for the growth of renal epithelial cells in a variety of conditions that are representative of renal disease states including altered glomerular filtration rate, hyperglycemia, nephrolithiasis, and drug-induced nephrotoxicity (cisplatin and cyclosporine). Cells were exposed to these conditions under fluid flow or in traditional static cultures to determine the effects of a dynamic microenvironment on the pathogenesis of these renal disease states. The results indicate varying stress-related responses (α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, fibronectin, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin secretion) to each of these conditions when comparing cells that had been grown in static and dynamic conditions, potentially indicating more realistic and sensitive predictions of human responses and a requirement for a more complex "fit for purpose" model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian Philip
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - Gretchen J. Mahler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: . Tel.: (607) 777-5238
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30
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Qiu X, Zhou X, Miao Y, Li B. An in vitro method for nephrotoxicity evaluation using HK-2 human kidney epithelial cells combined with biomarkers of nephrotoxicity. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:1205-1213. [PMID: 30510689 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00095f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney is one of the major target organs for drug-induced toxicity. During drug development, the traditional markers of nephrotoxicity indicate only severe and late damage, which leads to high costs. The new biomarkers are needed for a more sensitive and reliable evaluation of nephrotoxicity, especially for the regulatory accepted and validated in vitro model. We developed an in vitro model based on the HK-2 cell using the biomarkers of nephrotoxicity as endpoints for the evaluation of nephrotoxicity. The predictive performance of the biomarkers including LDH, GGT, KIM-1, clusterin, CysC, NGAL, TIMP-1, GSTπ and osteopontin was evaluated with 22 well characterized compounds. The area under the curve (AUC) values of KIM-1, clusterin, CysC and osteopontin ranged between 0.79 and 0.84. The combination of clusterin, KIM-1 and/or osteopontin improved the AUC value (ranging between 0.88 and 0.95) compared to one biomarker. Taken together, these results suggest that the model based on the HK-2 cell using clusterin, osteopontin, CysC and KIM-1 as endpoints would allow the prediction of nephrotoxicity at early preclinical stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Qiu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , No. 9 , Dongdan Santiao , Dongcheng District , Beijing 100730 , China . .,National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , A8 Hongda Middle Street , Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area , Beijing 100176 , China
| | - Xiaobing Zhou
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , A8 Hongda Middle Street , Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area , Beijing 100176 , China
| | - Yufa Miao
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , A8 Hongda Middle Street , Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area , Beijing 100176 , China
| | - Bo Li
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , No. 9 , Dongdan Santiao , Dongcheng District , Beijing 100730 , China . .,National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , A8 Hongda Middle Street , Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area , Beijing 100176 , China
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Bajaj P, Chowdhury SK, Yucha R, Kelly EJ, Xiao G. Emerging Kidney Models to Investigate Metabolism, Transport, and Toxicity of Drugs and Xenobiotics. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1692-1702. [PMID: 30076203 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.082958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney is a major clearance organ of the body and is responsible for the elimination of many xenobiotics and prescription drugs. With its multitude of uptake and efflux transporters and metabolizing enzymes, the proximal tubule cell (PTC) in the nephron plays a key role in the disposition of xenobiotics and is also a primary site for toxicity. In this minireview, we first provide an overview of the major transporters and metabolizing enzymes in the PTCs responsible for biotransformation and disposition of drugs. Next, we discuss different cell sources that have been used to model PTCs in vitro, their pros and cons, and their characterization. As current technology is inadequate to evaluate reliably drug disposition and toxicity in the kidney, we then discuss recent advancements in kidney microphysiological systems (MPS) and the need to develop robust in vitro platforms that could be routinely used by pharmaceutical companies to screen compounds. Finally, we discuss the new and exciting field of stem cell-derived kidney models as potential cell sources for future kidney MPS. Given the push from both regulatory agencies and pharmaceutical companies to use more predictive "human-like" in vitro systems in the early stages of drug development to reduce attrition, these emerging models have the potential to be a game changer and may revolutionize how renal disposition and kidney toxicity in drug discovery are evaluated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Bajaj
- Drug Safety Research and Evaluation (P.B.) and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department (S.K.C., R.Y., G.X.), Takeda Pharmaceutical International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (E.J.K.)
| | - Swapan K Chowdhury
- Drug Safety Research and Evaluation (P.B.) and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department (S.K.C., R.Y., G.X.), Takeda Pharmaceutical International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (E.J.K.)
| | - Robert Yucha
- Drug Safety Research and Evaluation (P.B.) and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department (S.K.C., R.Y., G.X.), Takeda Pharmaceutical International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (E.J.K.)
| | - Edward J Kelly
- Drug Safety Research and Evaluation (P.B.) and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department (S.K.C., R.Y., G.X.), Takeda Pharmaceutical International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (E.J.K.)
| | - Guangqing Xiao
- Drug Safety Research and Evaluation (P.B.) and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department (S.K.C., R.Y., G.X.), Takeda Pharmaceutical International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (E.J.K.)
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Drug transporter expression profiling in a three-dimensional kidney proximal tubule in vitro nephrotoxicity model. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:1311-1323. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2150-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Chang YW, Singh KP. Duration-dependent effects of nicotine exposure on growth and AKT activation in human kidney epithelial cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 448:51-60. [PMID: 29396723 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to nicotine is known to cause adverse effects in many target organs including kidney. Epidemiological studies suggest that nicotine-induced kidney diseases are prevalent worldwide. However, the impact of duration of exposure on the nicotine-induced adverse effects in normal kidney cells and the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate both acute and long-term effects of nicotine in normal human kidney epithelial cells (HK-2). Cells were treated with 1 and 10 µM nicotine for acute and long-term duration. The result of cell viability showed that the acute exposure to 1 µM nicotine has no significant effect on growth. However, the 10 µM nicotine caused significant decrease in the growth of HK-2 cells. The long-term exposure resulted in significantly increased cell growth in both 1 and 10 µM nicotine-treated groups. Analysis of cell cycle and expression of marker genes related to proliferation and apoptosis further confirmed the effects of nicotine. Additionally, the analysis of growth signaling pathway revealed the decreased level of pAKT in cells with acute exposure whereas the increased level of pAKT in long-term nicotine-exposed cells. This suggests that nicotine, through modulating the AKT pathway, controls the duration-dependent effects on the growth of HK-2 cells. In summary, this is the first report showing long-duration exposure to nicotine causes increased proliferation of human kidney epithelial cells through activation of AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Chang
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Kamaleshwar P Singh
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
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Li Z, Jiang L, Zhu Y, Su W, Xu C, Tao T, Shi Y, Qin J. Assessment of hepatic metabolism-dependent nephrotoxicity on an organs-on-a-chip microdevice. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 46:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Weber HM, Tsurkan MV, Magno V, Freudenberg U, Werner C. Heparin-based hydrogels induce human renal tubulogenesis in vitro. Acta Biomater 2017; 57:59-69. [PMID: 28526628 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Dialysis or kidney transplantation is the only therapeutic option for end stage renal disease. Accordingly, there is a large unmet clinical need for new causative therapeutic treatments. Obtaining robust models that mimic the complex nature of the human kidney is a critical step in the development of new therapeutic strategies. Here we establish a synthetic in vitro human renal tubulogenesis model based on a tunable glycosaminoglycan-hydrogel platform. In this system, renal tubulogenesis can be modulated by the adjustment of hydrogel mechanics and degradability, growth factor signaling, and the presence of insoluble adhesion cues, potentially providing new insights for regenerative therapy. Different hydrogel properties were systematically investigated for their ability to regulate renal tubulogenesis. Hydrogels based on heparin and matrix metalloproteinase cleavable peptide linker units were found to induce the morphogenesis of single human proximal tubule epithelial cells into physiologically sized tubule structures. The generated tubules display polarization markers, extracellular matrix components, and organic anion transport functions of the in vivo renal proximal tubule and respond to nephrotoxins comparable to the human clinical response. The established hydrogel-based human renal tubulogenesis model is thus considered highly valuable for renal regenerative medicine and personalized nephrotoxicity studies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The only cure for end stage kidney disease is kidney transplantation. Hence, there is a huge need for reliable human kidney models to study renal regeneration and establish alternative treatments. Here we show the development and application of an in vitro human renal tubulogenesis model using heparin-based hydrogels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first system where human renal tubulogenesis can be monitored from single cells to physiologically sized tubule structures in a tunable hydrogel system. To validate the efficacy of our model as a drug toxicity platform, a chemotherapy drug was incubated with the model, resulting in a drug response similar to human clinical pathology. The established model could have wide applications in the field of nephrotoxicity and renal regenerative medicine and offer a reliable alternative to animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Weber
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Mikhail V Tsurkan
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Valentina Magno
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Killilea DW, Chow D, Xiao SQ, Li C, Stoller ML. Flame retardant tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TDCPP) toxicity is attenuated by N-acetylcysteine in human kidney cells. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:260-264. [PMID: 28959647 PMCID: PMC5615114 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to the flame retardants found in many household products and building materials is associated with adverse developmental, reproductive, and carcinogenic consequences. While these compounds have been studied in numerous epidemiological and animal models, less is known about the effects of flame retardant exposure on cell function. This study evaluated the toxicity of the commonly used fire retardant tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TDCPP) in cell line derived from the kidney, a major tissue target of organohalogen toxicity. TDCPP inhibited cell growth at lower concentrations (IC50 27 μM), while cell viability and toxicity were affected at higher concentrations (IC50 171 μM and 168 μM, respectively). TDCPP inhibited protein synthesis and caused cell cycle arrest, but only at higher concentrations. Additionally, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reduced cell toxicity in cells treated with TDCPP, suggesting that exposure to TDCPP increased oxidative stress in the cells. In summary, these data show that low concentrations of TDCPP result in cytostasis in a kidney cell line, whereas higher concentrations induce cell toxicity. Furthermore, TDCPP toxicity can be attenuated by NAC, suggesting that antioxidants may be effective countermeasures to some organohalogen exposures.
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Key Words
- ATSDR, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- EDTA, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- N-acetylcysteine (PubChem CID: 12035)
- NAC, N-acetylcysteine
- SFFCPF, San Francisco Firefighters Cancer Prevention Foundation
- TDCPP, tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate
- TR, thyroid hormone receptor
- Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (PubChem CID: 26177)
- Tris, tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate
- antioxidant
- cell cycle
- cell toxicity
- cytostasis
- flame retardant
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Killilea
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Corresponding author at: Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King, Jr. Way, Oakland, California 94609, USA.Children’s Hospital Oakland Research InstituteOaklandCAUSA
| | - Darryl Chow
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Sheng Qi Xiao
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Charles Li
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
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Li Z, Su W, Zhu Y, Tao T, Li D, Peng X, Qin J. Drug absorption related nephrotoxicity assessment on an intestine-kidney chip. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:034114. [PMID: 28652884 PMCID: PMC5453794 DOI: 10.1063/1.4984768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Drug absorption in the intestine is tightly related to drug-induced nephrotoxicity, which is a relatively common side effect in clinical practice. It highlights a great need to develop predictive models with high accuracy in the early stage during new drug discovery and development. Herein, we presented a novel intestine-kidney chip, which recapitulated drug absorption in the intestine and its resultant drug toxicity on the kidney. This work aims to provide an integrated tool for accurate assessment of drug absorption-related nephrotoxicity in vitro. A microfluidic device with multi-interfaces was designed, which facilitated the co-culture of the intestinal and glomerular endothelial cells in compartmentalized micro-chambers. Thus, drug absorption and following nephrotoxicity could be explored in a single assay based on the formation of the intact intestine function on the chip. Specifically, we adopt digoxin (DIG) as a model drug combined with colestyramine (COL) or Verapamil (VER), which significantly influence DIG absorption in the intestine. Different degrees of nephrotoxicity under drug combinations were further observed on the chip, including cell apoptosis, cell viability, and lactate dehydrogenase leakage. These features were consistent with the variance of DIG absorption by the intestinal cells. In agreement with clinical observations, our data demonstrated that DIG-induced nephrotoxicity was enhanced combined with VER but weakened with COL. All of these findings suggest that the established microdevice might provide a useful and cost-effective platform in vitro for testing drug absorption and nephrotoxicity in preclinical trials during new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wentao Su
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | | | - Tingting Tao
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Dong Li
- Dalian Municipal Women and Children's Medical Center, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- College of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Li Z, Jiang L, Tao T, Su W, Guo Y, Yu H, Qin J. Assessment of cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity using a kidney-on-a-chip device. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 6:372-380. [PMID: 30090506 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00417b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a common environmental pollutant. Its effects on human health have attracted great attention. The kidney is the organ that is the most affected by Cd exposure. Thus, it is highly desirable to develop a reliable model to evaluate Cd-induced nephrotoxicity in vitro. We present a kidney-on-a-chip with three compartmentalized culture chambers to examine Cd-induced nephrotoxicity. The culture and collection channels represent the capillary and the glomerular capsule sides of the glomerular filtration barrier, respectively. Isolated primary rat glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) were cultured on the side surface of the middle gel channel. The integrated GEC layer demonstrated the selective permeability of the renal barrier. Therefore, it was further utilized to study the nephrotoxicity induced by Cd exposure at different concentrations. Cd induced significant cytotoxicity and disrupted the expression of tight junction protein ZO-1 in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, Cd exposure increased the permeability of the endothelial layer to large molecules, immunoglobulin G and albumin. These results facilitate the understanding of the underlying mechanism of kidney dysfunction and glomerular disease. This is the first study on Cd-induced nephrotoxicity using primary GECs in a microfluidic device. The kidney-on-a-chip device enables direct visualization and quantitative analysis of GEC responses to Cd in real time. It may provide a micro-scale platform based on the human system for nephrotoxicity testing under varying environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Li
- Division of Biotechnology , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian , 116023 , China . .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Division of Biotechnology , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian , 116023 , China .
| | - Tingting Tao
- Division of Biotechnology , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian , 116023 , China .
| | - Wentao Su
- Division of Biotechnology , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian , 116023 , China .
| | - Yaqiong Guo
- Division of Biotechnology , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian , 116023 , China . .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , China
| | - Hao Yu
- Division of Biotechnology , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian , 116023 , China .
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Division of Biotechnology , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian , 116023 , China . .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , China
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Kumar G, Solanki MH, Xue X, Mintz R, Madankumar S, Chatterjee PK, Metz CN. Magnesium improves cisplatin-mediated tumor killing while protecting against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F339-F350. [PMID: 28424213 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00688.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30% of all cancer patients treated with cisplatin, a widely used broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent, experience acute kidney injury (AKI). Almost all patients receiving cisplatin have magnesium (Mg) losses, which are proposed to aggravate AKI. Currently, there are no methods to successfully treat or prevent cisplatin-AKI. Whereas Mg supplementation has been shown to reduce AKI in experimental models and several small clinical trials, the effects of Mg status on tumor outcomes in immunocompetent tumor-bearing mice and humans have not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to further examine the effects of Mg deficiency (±Mg supplementation) on cisplatin-mediated AKI and tumor killing in immunocompetent mice bearing CT26 colon tumors. Using a model where cisplatin alone (20 mg/kg cumulative dose) produced minimal kidney injury, Mg deficiency significantly worsened cisplatin-mediated AKI, as determined by biochemical markers (blood urea nitrogen and plasma creatinine) and histological renal changes, as well as markers of renal oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. By contrast, Mg supplementation blocked cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Using LLC-PK1 renal epithelial cells, we observed that Mg deficiency or inhibition of Mg uptake significantly enhanced cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity, whereas Mg supplementation protected against cytotoxicity. However, neither Mg deficiency nor inhibition of Mg uptake impaired cisplatin-mediated killing of CT26 tumor cells in vitro. Mg deficiency was associated with significantly larger CT26 tumors in BALB/c mice when compared with normal-fed control mice, and Mg deficiency significantly reduced cisplatin-mediated tumor killing in vivo. Finally, Mg supplementation did not compromise cisplatin's anti-tumor efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Kumar
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
| | - Malvika H Solanki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Xiangying Xue
- The Center for Biomedical Sciences, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York; and
| | - Rachel Mintz
- The Center for Biomedical Sciences, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York; and
| | - Swati Madankumar
- The Center for Biomedical Sciences, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York; and
| | - Prodyot K Chatterjee
- The Center for Biomedical Sciences, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York; and
| | - Christine N Metz
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York; .,The Center for Biomedical Sciences, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York; and.,Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York
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Silva SCT, de Almeida LA, Soares S, Grossi MF, Valente AMS, Tagliati CA. In vitro study of putative genomic biomarkers of nephrotoxicity through differential gene expression using gentamicin. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 27:435-441. [PMID: 28372472 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1313345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is one of the most frequently observed effects in long-term pharmacotherapy. The effects of nephrotoxicity are commonly discovered later due to a lack of sensitivity in in vivo methods. Therefore, researchers have tried to develop in vitro alternative methods for early identification of toxicity. In this study, LLC-PK1 cells were exposed to gentamicin through MTT and trypan blue assay. Concentrations of 4 (low), 8 (medium) and 12 (high) mM, were used to evaluate differential gene expression. A panel of genes was selected based on gene expression changes. The search for sequences of mRNA encoding proteins previously associated with kidney damage was conducted in the databases of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (USA). RNA was extracted from the cells, and RT-qPCR was performed to evaluate differential expression profiles of the selected genes. Among the 11 analyzed genes, four proved to be differentially up-regulated in cells exposed to gentamicin: HAVcr1, caspase 3, ICAM-1 and EXOC6. According to this study's results, we suggest that these genes play an important role in the mechanism of in vitro nephrotoxicity caused by gentamicin and can be used as early in vitro biomarkers to identify nephrotoxicity when developing safer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cristina Teixeira Silva
- a Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental in vitro , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Leonardo Augusto de Almeida
- b Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas , Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UniFal) , Alfenas , Brazil
| | - Stellamaris Soares
- a Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental in vitro , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Marina Felipe Grossi
- a Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental in vitro , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Anete Maria Santana Valente
- c Departamento de Nutrição , Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF) - Campus Governador Valadares , Governador Valadares , Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Tagliati
- a Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental in vitro , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
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Establishment of HK-2 Cells as a Relevant Model to Study Tenofovir-Induced Cytotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030531. [PMID: 28257038 PMCID: PMC5372547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenofovir (TFV) is an antiviral drug approved for treating Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis B. TFV is administered orally as the prodrug tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) which then is deesterified to the active drug TFV. TFV induces nephrotoxicity characterized by renal failure and Fanconi Syndrome. The mechanism of this toxicity remains unknown due to limited experimental models. This study investigated the cellular mechanism of cytotoxicity using a human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2). HK-2 cells were grown for 48 h followed by 24 to 72 h exposure to 0–28.8 μM TFV or vehicle, phosphate buffered saline (PBS). MTT (MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) and Trypan blue indicated that TFV diminished cell viability at 24–72 h. TFV decreased ATP levels at 72 h when compared to vehicle, reflecting mitochondrial dysfunction. TFV increased the oxidative stress biomarkers of protein carbonylation and 4-hydroxynonenol (4-HNE) adduct formation. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) was released into the media following exposure to 14.5 and 28.8 μM TFV. Caspase 3 and 9 cleavage was induced by TFV compared to vehicle at 72 h. These studies show that HK-2 cells are a sensitive model for TFV cytotoxicity and suggest that mitochondrial stress and apoptosis occur in HK-2 cells treated with TFV.
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Evaluation of "Dream Herb," Calea zacatechichi, for Nephrotoxicity Using Human Kidney Proximal Tubule Cells. J Toxicol 2016; 2016:9794570. [PMID: 27703475 PMCID: PMC5040790 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9794570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent surge in the use of dietary supplements, including herbal remedies, necessitates investigations into their safety profiles. “Dream herb,” Calea zacatechichi, has long been used in traditional folk medicine for a variety of purposes and is currently being marketed in the US for medicinal purposes, including diabetes treatment. Despite the inherent vulnerability of the renal system to xenobiotic toxicity, there is a lack of safety studies on the nephrotoxic potential of this herb. Additionally, the high frequency of diabetes-associated kidney disease makes safety screening of C. zacatechichi for safety especially important. We exposed human proximal tubule HK-2 cells to increasing doses of this herb alongside known toxicant and protectant control compounds to examine potential toxicity effects of C. zacatechichi relative to control compounds. We evaluated both cellular and mitochondrial functional changes related to toxicity of this dietary supplement and found that even at low doses evidence of cellular toxicity was significant. Moreover, these findings correlated with significantly elevated levels of nephrotoxicity biomarkers, lending further support for the need to further scrutinize the safety of this herbal dietary supplement.
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VRBOVÁ M, ROUŠAROVÁ E, BRŮČKOVÁ L, ČESLA P, ROUŠAR T. Characterization of Acetaminophen Toxicity in Human Kidney HK-2 Cells. Physiol Res 2016; 65:627-635. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose causes liver injury, but in some cases it is associated also with renal impairment. While several studies exist in relation to acetaminophen nephrotoxicity, no reports have been published describing intracellular changes related to APAP nephrotoxicity in vitro. Because proximal tubular cells are considered to constitute a secondary site of drug-induced injury after hepatocytes, our study's aim was to estimate the toxicity in the human HK-2 cell line. We used a range of APAP concentrations (1-10 mM) to examine toxicity in the cells (1-48 h). We evaluated cell viability using the WST-1 and LDH tests. Cells impairment was also determined by monitoring ROS production, glutathione levels. We proved that HK-2 cells are able to metabolize acetaminophen. We observed moderate impairment of cells already after 1 h of treatment based on a finding of increased ROS production and decreased cell viability. After 24 h, the results showed significant cellular impairment at all tested concentrations except for 1 mM APAP, but no glutathione depletion was found. We conclude that HK-2 cells are susceptible to acetaminophen toxicity but, unlike hepatocytes, it might be not linked to glutathione depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - T. ROUŠAR
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Zheng F, Fu F, Cheng Y, Wang C, Zhao Y, Gu Z. Organ-on-a-Chip Systems: Microengineering to Biomimic Living Systems. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:2253-82. [PMID: 26901595 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201503208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
"Organ-on-a-chip" systems integrate microengineering, microfluidic technologies, and biomimetic principles to create key aspects of living organs faithfully, including critical microarchitecture, spatiotemporal cell-cell interactions, and extracellular microenvironments. This creative platform and its multiorgan integration recapitulating organ-level structures and functions can bring unprecedented benefits to a diversity of applications, such as developing human in vitro models for healthy or diseased organs, enabling the investigation of fundamental mechanisms in disease etiology and organogenesis, benefiting drug development in toxicity screening and target discovery, and potentially serving as replacements for animal testing. Recent advances in novel designs and examples for developing organ-on-a-chip platforms are reviewed. The potential for using this emerging technology in understanding human physiology including mechanical, chemical, and electrical signals with precise spatiotemporal controls are discussed. The current challenges and future directions that need to be pursued for these proof-of-concept studies are also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Fanfan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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Liu X, Liu Y, Cheng M, Xiao H. Acute nephrotoxicity of aristolochic acidin vitro: metabolomics study for intracellular metabolic time-course changes. Biomarkers 2016; 21:233-42. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2015.1134660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Huang YT, Chen YY, Lai YH, Cheng CC, Lin TC, Su YS, Liu CH, Lai PC. Resveratrol alleviates the cytotoxicity induced by the radiocontrast agent, ioxitalamate, by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species in HK-2 human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells in vitro. Int J Mol Med 2015; 37:83-91. [PMID: 26573558 PMCID: PMC4687441 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiocontrast-induced nephropathy (RIN) is one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury (AKI). The clinical strategies currently available for the prevention of RIN are insufficient. In this study, we aimed to determine whether resveratrol, a polyphenol phytoalexin, can be used to prevent RIN. For this purpose, in vitro experiments were performed using a human renal proximal tubule epithelial cell line (HK-2 cells). Following treatment for 48 h, the highly toxic radiocontrast agent, ioxitalamate, exerted cytotoxic effects on the HK-2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, as shown by MTT assay. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was found to be approximately 30 mg/ml. Flow cytometry also revealed a marked increase in the number of apoptotic cells following exposure to ioxitalamate. In addition, the number of necrotic, but not necroptotic cells was increased. However, treatment with resveratrol (12.5 µM) for 48 h significantly alleviated ioxitalamate (30 mg/ml)-induced cytotoxicity, by reducing cytosolic DNA fragmentation, increasing the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), and survivin, activating caspase-3, preventing autophagic death and suppressing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Resveratrol also suppressed the ioxitalamate-induced formation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger commonly used to prevent RIN, also reduced ioxitalamate-induced cytotoxicity, but at a high concentration of 1 mM. Sirtuin (SIRT)1 and SIRT3 were not found to play a role in these effects. Overall, our findings suggest that resveratrol may prove to be an effective adjuvant therapy for the prevention of RIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Ta Huang
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi Ya Chen
- Master Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu Hsien Lai
- PhD Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chuan Chu Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzu Chun Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ying Shih Su
- PhD Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chin Hung Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pei Chun Lai
- Department of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Kim SY, Lee HM, Kim KS, Kim HS, Moon A. Noninvasive Biomarker Candidates for Cadmium-Induced Nephrotoxicity by 2DE/MALDI-TOF-MS and SILAC/LC-MS Proteomic Analyses. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148:167-82. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Huang JX, Kaeslin G, Ranall MV, Blaskovich MA, Becker B, Butler MS, Little MH, Lash LH, Cooper MA. Evaluation of biomarkers for in vitro prediction of drug-induced nephrotoxicity: comparison of HK-2, immortalized human proximal tubule epithelial, and primary cultures of human proximal tubular cells. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3:e00148. [PMID: 26171227 PMCID: PMC4492764 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been intensive effort to identify in vivo biomarkers that can be used to monitor drug-induced kidney damage and identify injury before significant impairment occurs. Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and human macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) have been validated as urinary and plasma clinical biomarkers predictive of acute and chronic kidney injury and disease. Similar validation of a high throughput in vitro assay predictive of nephrotoxicity could potentially be implemented early in drug discovery lead optimization to reduce attrition at later stages of drug development. To assess these known in vivo biomarkers for their potential for in vitro screening of drug-induced nephrotoxicity, we selected a panel of nephrotoxic agents and examined their effects on the overexpression of nephrotoxicity biomarkers in immortalized (HK-2) and primary (commercially available and freshly in-house produced) human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. Traditional cytotoxicity was contrasted with expression levels of KIM-1, NGAL, and M-CSF assessed using ELISA and real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Traditional cytotoxicity assays and biomarker assays using HK-2 cells were both unsuitable for prediction of nephrotoxicity. However, increases in protein levels of KIM-1 and NGAL in primary cells were well correlated with dose levels of known nephrotoxic compounds, with limited correlation seen in M-CSF protein and mRNA levels. These results suggest that profiling compounds against primary cells with monitoring of biomarker protein levels may have potential as in vitro predictive assays of drug-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny X Huang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Geraldine Kaeslin
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Max V Ranall
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Mark A Blaskovich
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Bernd Becker
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Mark S Butler
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Melissa H Little
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Lawrence H Lash
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, Michigan, 48201
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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Pujalté I, Passagne I, Daculsi R, de Portal C, Ohayon-Courtès C, L'Azou B. Cytotoxic effects and cellular oxidative mechanisms of metallic nanoparticles on renal tubular cells: impact of particle solubility. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00184b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many uncertainties remain regarding the potential toxic effect of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pujalté
- Pharmacochimie FRE3390
- Université de Bordeaux
- 33 076 Bordeaux Cedex
- France
| | - Isabelle Passagne
- Pharmacochimie FRE3390
- Université de Bordeaux
- 33 076 Bordeaux Cedex
- France
| | - Richard Daculsi
- INSERM U1026
- Université de Bordeaux
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire BIOTIS
- 33 076 Bordeaux Cedex
- France
| | - Caroline de Portal
- Laboratoire Hydrologie Environnement
- Université de Bordeaux
- 33 076 Bordeaux Cedex
- France
| | - Céline Ohayon-Courtès
- Laboratoire Hydrologie Environnement
- Université de Bordeaux
- 33 076 Bordeaux Cedex
- France
| | - Béatrice L'Azou
- Pharmacochimie FRE3390
- Université de Bordeaux
- 33 076 Bordeaux Cedex
- France
- INSERM U1026
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Huang JX, Blaskovich MA, Cooper MA. Cell- and biomarker-based assays for predicting nephrotoxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 10:1621-35. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2014.967681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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