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Salama A, Elgohary R, Amin MM, Elwahab SA. Impact of protocatechuic acid on alleviation of pulmonary damage induced by cyclophosphamide targeting peroxisome proliferator activator receptor, silent information regulator type-1, and fork head box protein in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1361-1372. [PMID: 36877411 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a chemotherapeutic agent that causes pulmonary damage by generating free radicals and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Pulmonary damage has a high mortality rate due to the severe inflammation and edema occurred in lung. PPARγ/Sirt 1 signaling has been shown to be cytoprotective effect against cellular inflammatory stress and oxidative injury. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a potent Sirt1 activator and exhibits antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory properties. The current study aims to investigate the therapeutic impacts of PCA against CP-induced pulmonary damage in rats. Rats were assigned randomly into 4 experimental groups. The control group was injected with a single i.p injection of saline. CP group was injected with a single i.p injection of CP (200 mg/kg). PCA groups were administered orally with PCA (50 and 100 mg/kg; p.o.) once daily for 10 consecutive days after CP injection. PCA treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the protein levels of MDA, a marker of lipid peroxidation, NO and MPO along with a significant increase in GSH and catalase protein levels. Moreover, PCA downregulated anti-inflammatory markers as IL-17, NF-κB, IKBKB, COX-2, TNF-α, and PKC and upregulated cytoprotective defenses as PPARγ, and SIRT1. In addition, PCA administration ameliorated FoxO-1 elevation, increased Nrf2 gene expression, and reduced air alveoli emphysema, bronchiolar epithelium hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration induced by CP. PCA might represent a promising adjuvant to prevent pulmonary damage in patients receiving CP due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects with cytoprotective defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Salama
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Rania Elgohary
- Narcotics, Ergogenics and Poisons Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Amin
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Sahar Abd Elwahab
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Al Kasr Al Aini, Old Cairo, Cairo Governorate, Egypt
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Huang Q, Feng L, Li H, Zheng L, Qi X, Wang Y, Feng Q, Liu Z, Liu X, Lu L. Jian-Pi-Bu-Xue-Formula Alleviates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Myelosuppression via Up-Regulating NRF2/HO1/NQO1 Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1302. [PMID: 32982732 PMCID: PMC7479230 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Jian-pi-bu-xue-formula (JPBXF), a TCM formula composed of twelve Chinese medicinal herbs, has been used in clinic to ease patients’ state of weakness and fatigue especially after receiving anti-tumor chemotherapy in China. The lack of the phytochemical characterization, detail therapeutic evaluation and mechanism of JPBXF remains the main limitation for its spreading. In this study, we systematically evaluated the effectiveness and underline mechanism of JPBXF on cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced myelosuppression and identified the main constituents of JPBXF aqueous extract. JPBXF treatments reversed CTX-induced myelosuppression through increasing the number of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and expression of C-kit in bone marrow cells. Simultaneously, JPBXF treatments alleviated CTX-induced blood cells reduction by increasing numbers of RBCs and WBCs and levels of GM-CSF, TPO and EPO in plasma. JPBXF treatments reduced CTX-induced immunosuppression by increasing expressions of CD3, CD4, and CD8a in PBMCs, and recovering structure damages of thymus and spleen. Moreover, JPBXF notably increased the expression of NRF2 compared with CTX group, and subsequently up-regulated HO1 and NQO1 both in mRNA and protein levels. In addition, eighteen compounds were recognized from JPBXF aqueous extract and the potential targets of the identified compounds were predicted. Overall, JPBXF can greatly reverse CTX-induced myelosuppression in C57BL/6 mice, especially in improving the blood and immune function through activating NRF2/HO1/NQO1 signaling pathway, which provides a reliable reference for JPBXF application in clinical. By recognizing eighteen compounds in JPBXF aqueous extract and predicting the underline mechanisms of the identified compounds, our study would provide theoretical guidance for further research of JPBXF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Huang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizhi Feng
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang Li
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Qi
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Lu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Awad HM, Abd-Alla HI, Ibrahim MA, El-Sawy ER, Abdalla MM. Flavones from Heavenly Blue as modulators of Alzheimer’s amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) production. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-2100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Quita SM, Balbaid SO. The protective effect of lemon fruit extract on histopathological changes induced in small intestines and pancreas of male mice by cyclophosphamide. Electron Physician 2015; 7:1412-22. [PMID: 26516452 PMCID: PMC4623805 DOI: 10.14661/1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cyclophosphamide (CP) is alkylating agent and the most commonly used chemotherapeutic drug for various types of cancer; it causes severe toxicity. The aim of the research was to assess the protective effect of lemon fruit extract (LFE) against the side effects of the anti-cancer drug “cyclophosphamide” (CP). Methods This experimental study was conducted in 2015. Thirty male mice were divided into six groups: group A (control): intraperitoneal injection of saline, group B: oral LFE (10ml/kg), group C: intraperitoneal injection of CP (10 mg/kg), group D: intraperitoneal injection of CP (20 mg/kg), group E: intraperitoneal injection of CP (10 mg/kg) and oral LFE (10 ml/kg), and group F: intraperitoneal injection of CP (20 mg/kg) and oral LFE (10 ml/kg). All groups were treated daily for five consecutive days. Results The results of the group treated with the drug C and D was that, in their intestines, the effect was uneven between a severe to a sharp effect, and there was a lack of dense connective tissue and its collagen fibers and fat cells, the intestinal glands or crypt of Lieberkühn appeared few in number and distorted in composition when compared with control A, as the pancreas appeared divided into several lobes containing small numbers of pancreatic Acini, padded with secretory pyramid-shaped cells, although some of them appeared exaggerated. While treatment in group E and F resulted in the intestines and pancreas appearing to be semi-normal; regarding the pancreas, it showed an observed improvement more than the response of the intestines. Conclusion The results support the protective effect of lemon fruit extract against CP-induced intestinal and pancreatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Mohammed Quita
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (KSA)
| | - Samira Omar Balbaid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (KSA)
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MORAES ALANCNDE, ANDRADE CHERLEYBV, SALATA CAMILA, NASCIMENTO ANALR, RAMOS ISALIRAP, GOLDENBERG REGINACS, CARVALHO JORGEJ, MACHADO ANACS. A combination of stereological methods, biochemistry and electron microscopy for the investigation of drug treatment effects in experimental animals. J Microsc 2015; 261:267-76. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- ALAN CN DE MORAES
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Células-Tronco, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia; Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes; UERJ Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - CHERLEY BV ANDRADE
- Laboratório de Cardiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho; Centro de Ciências da Saúde; UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - CAMILA SALATA
- Laboratório de Ciências Radiológicas, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria; Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes; UERJ Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - ANA LR NASCIMENTO
- Laboratório de Ultraestutura e Biologia Tecidual, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia; Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes; UERJ Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - ISALIRA P RAMOS
- Laboratório de Cardiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho; Centro de Ciências da Saúde; UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - REGINA CS GOLDENBERG
- Laboratório de Cardiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho; Centro de Ciências da Saúde; UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - JORGE J CARVALHO
- Laboratório de Ultraestutura e Biologia Tecidual, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia; Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes; UERJ Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - ANA CS MACHADO
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Células-Tronco, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia; Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes; UERJ Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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Duggina P, Kalla CM, Varikasuvu SR, Bukke S, Tartte V. Protective effect of centella triterpene saponins against cyclophosphamide-induced immune and hepatic system dysfunction in rats: its possible mechanisms of action. J Physiol Biochem 2015; 71:435-54. [PMID: 26168711 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-015-0423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of the centella triterpene saponins (EXT) on cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced hepatotoxicity and immunosuppression in rats. The phytochemical profile of EXT was analyzed for centella saponins by using high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC). Therapeutic efficacy of EXT (250 mg/kg/day p.o) on hematological profile of blood, liver function markers, and cytokine profiles in CYP (10 mg/kg/day p.o)-treated rats. In addition, weights of immune organs (spleen and thymus) and histopathological changes in the liver, intestine, and spleen were also evaluated. The active principles in EXT were identified as madecassoside, asiaticoside, and asiatic acid by HPLC analysis. Upon administration of EXT, enhanced levels of glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and lipid peroxidation were found reduced while the levels of reduced glutathione and hematological parameters and relative weights of immune organs were restored to normal in CYP-treated rats. The hepatic mRNA level of TNF-α, which was increased during CYP administration, was significantly decreased by the EXT treatment. The decreased levels of mRNA expression of other cytokines like IFN-γ, IL-2, GM-CSF, after CYP treatment, were also found elevated upon administration of the EXT. Histopathological examination of the intestine, liver, and spleen indicated that the extract could attenuate the CYP-induced hepatic and immune organ damage. These results indicated that EXT modulated the immune and hepatic system function of rats against CYP-induced immunosuppression and hepatotoxicity by restoring the cytokine production, antioxidant system, and multiorgan injury. Thus, triterpene saponins may provide protective and/or therapeutic alternative against the immune-mediated liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragathi Duggina
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Shirani K, Hassani FV, Razavi-Azarkhiavi K, Heidari S, Zanjani BR, Karimi G. Phytotrapy of cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:1262-1275. [PMID: 26026872 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a cytotoxic drug that can suppress both humoral and cellular immunity. Combining traditional medicinal herbs and chemotherapy drugs are used to improve immunity and quality of life performance status. In this paper, the effects of plant extracts, active components and their derivatives on immunosuppression of CP are discussed. Appropriate keywords were used to search through PubMed, Google Scholar, and Sciverse. All relevant results published from 1990 to date were chosen for final review. Over 50 references were found in which plant extracts, active components and their derivatives have been tested for their immune protective effects against CP-induced immune toxicity. Although there are several plants shown to be effective in animal models, no study was carried out on human subjects. According to the results; we can claim that plants and their active ingredients are good candidates for alternative adjuvant chemotherapy in reducing the immunotoxicity of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Shirani
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Vahdati Hassani
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kamal Razavi-Azarkhiavi
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Somayeh Heidari
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bamdad Riahi Zanjani
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center and Pharmacy School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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8
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9
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da Silva BJM, Rodrigues APD, Farias LHS, Hage AAP, Do Nascimento JLM, Silva EO. Physalis angulata induces in vitro differentiation of murine bone marrow cells into macrophages. BMC Cell Biol 2014; 15:37. [PMID: 25281406 PMCID: PMC4665300 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-15-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The bone marrow is a hematopoietic tissue that, in the presence of cytokines and growth factors, generates all of the circulating blood cells. These cells are important for protecting the organism against pathogens and for establishing an effective immune response. Previous studies have shown immunomodulatory effects of different products isolated from plant extracts. This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory properties of aqueous Physalis angulata (AEPa) extract on the differentiation of bone marrow cells. Results Increased cellular area, higher spreading ability and several cytoplasmatic projections were observed in the treated cells, using optical microscopy, suggesting cell differentiation. Furthermore, AEPa did not promote the proliferation of lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, however promotes increased the number of macrophages in the culture. The ultrastructural analysis by Transmission Electron Microscopy of treated cells showed spreading ability, high number of cytoplasmatic projections and increase of autophagic vacuoles. Moreover, a high level of LC3b expression by treated cells was detected by flow cytometry, suggesting an autophagic process. Cell surface expression of F4/80 and CD11b also indicated that AEPa may stimulate differentiation of bone marrow cells mainly into macrophages. In addition, AEPa did not differentiate cells into dendritic cells, as assessed by CD11c analysis. Furthermore, no cytotoxic effects were observed in the cells treated with AEPa. Conclusion Results demonstrate that AEPa promotes the differentiation of bone marrow cells, particularly into macrophages and may hold promise as an immunomodulating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno José Martins da Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Parasitologia e Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal do Pará, Avenida Augusto Corrêa, 01, Bairro Guamá, 660975-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula D Rodrigues
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde do Ministério da Saúde, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Luis Henrique S Farias
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Parasitologia e Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal do Pará, Avenida Augusto Corrêa, 01, Bairro Guamá, 660975-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Anastácia P Hage
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Parasitologia e Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal do Pará, Avenida Augusto Corrêa, 01, Bairro Guamá, 660975-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Jose Luiz M Do Nascimento
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Neuroquímica Molecular e Celular, Universidade Federal do Pará, Avenida Augusto Corrêa, 01, Bairro Guamá, 660975-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Edilene O Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Parasitologia e Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal do Pará, Avenida Augusto Corrêa, 01, Bairro Guamá, 660975-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Mahmoud AM. Hesperidin protects against cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity by upregulation of PPARγ and abrogation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:717-24. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The most important reason for the non-approval and withdrawal of drugs by the Food and Drug Administration is hepatotoxicity. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effects of hesperidin against cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. The rats received a single intraperitoneal dose of CYP of 200 mg/kg body mass, followed by treatment with hesperidin, orally, at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg for 11 consecutive days. CYP induced hepatic damage, as evidenced by the significantly elevated levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, serum transaminases, liver lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide. As a consequence, there was reduced glutathione content, and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, were markedly reduced. In addition, CYP administration induced a considerable downregulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and upregulation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression. Hesperidin, in a dose-dependent manner, rejuvenated the altered markers to an almost normal state. In conclusion, hesperidin showed a potent protective effect against CYP-induced oxidative stress and inflammation leading to hepatotoxicity. The study suggests that hesperidin exerts its protective effect against CYP-induced hepatotoxicity through upregulation of hepatic PPARγ expression and abrogation of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M. Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, 62514 Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Peroxisome Proliferator Activator Receptor (PPAR)- γ Ligand, but Not PPAR- α , Ameliorates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Rat Liver. PPAR Res 2014; 2014:626319. [PMID: 24803924 PMCID: PMC3996363 DOI: 10.1155/2014/626319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatoprotective potential of peroxisome proliferator activator receptor (PPAR)-α and -γ agonists, fenofibrate (FEN), and pioglitazone (PIO), respectively, against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced toxicity has been investigated in rat. FEN and PIO (150 and 10 mg/kg/day, resp.) were given orally for 4 weeks. In separate groups, CP (150 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected as a single dose 5 days before the end of experiment, with or without either PPAR agonist. CP induced hepatotoxicity, as it caused histopathological alterations, with increased serum alanine and aspartate transaminases, total bilirubin, albumin, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. CP caused hepatic oxidative stress, indicated by decrease in tissue reduced glutathione, with increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels. CP also caused decrease in hepatic antioxidant enzyme levels, including catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase. Furthermore, CP increased serum and hepatic levels of the inflammatory marker tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, evaluated using ELISA. Preadministration of PIO, but not FEN, prior to CP challenge improved hepatic function and histology, and significantly reversed oxidative and inflammatory parameters. In conclusion, activation of PPAR-γ, but not PPAR-α, conferred protection against CP-induced hepatotoxicity, via activation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and may serve as supplement during CP chemotherapy.
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12
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Hamsa TP, Kuttan G. Augmentation of cellular immune response by Ipomoea obscura and Ipobscurine alkaloid attenuates tumor growth in mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2011; 89:259-68. [PMID: 21539469 DOI: 10.1139/y11-017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The immune status of the host plays a crucial role in controling the process of carcinogenesis. General or selective activation of various immunocompetent cells and their secretory function to maintain a healthy immune status may help in cancer prophylaxis, as well as therapy. The present study focused on the effect of Ipomoea obscura and Ipobscurine on cell-mediated immune response. In this study we evaluated the effect of I. obscura and an indole alkaloid fraction from I. obscura on effector mechanisms of cell-mediated immune response by analyzing cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity, natural killer (NK) cell activity, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), and antibody-dependent complement-mediated cytotoxicity (ACC). The effect of I. obscura and Ipobscurine on interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels was also analyzed. In the in vitro and in vivo systems, I. obscura and Ipobscurine treatment augmented cell-mediated immune response by enhancing the killing activity of CTL and NK cells from splenocytes in normal as well as tumor-bearing mice. ADCC and ACC were also enhanced significantly in both normal and tumor-bearing animals after drug administration, compared with untreated control. Administration of I. obscura and Ipobscurine significantly enhanced the production of IL-2 and IFN-γ in normal as well as tumor-bearing animals. This study reveals that both I. obscura and Ipobscurine have the potential to augment immune response through the enhanced secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ by T cells and thereby inhibit tumor growth and as an alternative medicine for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Hamsa
- Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar, Thrissur, Kerala, India
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