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Flavokawain B Weakens Gastric Cancer Progression via the TGF-β1/SMAD4 Pathway and Attenuates M2 Macrophage Polarization. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:4903333. [PMID: 35879950 PMCID: PMC9308533 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4903333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to observe the treatment effects of flavokawain B (FKB) on gastric cancer both in SGC-7901 cells and nude mice. When SGC-7901 cells were exposed to 10 μg/mL FKB, cellular proliferative and apoptotic capacities and cell cycle were detected utilizing CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays. The results showed that FKB treatment induced cell apoptosis and G2/M arrest and suppressed cell proliferation for SGC-7901 cells. Western blot results showed that FKB upregulated proapoptotic proteins as well as downregulated antiapoptotic and cell cycle-related proteins in SGC-7901 cells. SMAD4, TGF-β1, and TSPAN12 proteins were tested in FKB-induced SGC-7901 cells. Following exposure to FKB, SMAD4, TGF-β1, and TSPAN12 expression was augmented in SGC-7901 cells. si-SMAD4 transfection weakened cell apoptosis and accelerated cell proliferation. Furthermore, FKB reversed the change in apoptotic and cell cycle-related proteins induced by si-SMAD4. A nude mouse tumorigenesis model was constructed, which was treated by FKB. In the nude mouse tumorigenesis model, FKB activated the TSPAN12 expression and TGF-β1/SMAD4 pathway. Also, FKB treatment prolonged the survival time of nude mice and lowered tumor weight. iNOS and CD86 expression was significantly enhanced, and Arg-1 and CD206 expression was significantly decreased in THP-1 cells cultured in conditioned media from FKB-treated SGC-7901 cells. Additionally, FKB-treated SGC-7901 cells weakened macrophage migration. Collectively, this evidence suggested that FKB accelerated apoptosis and suppressed the proliferation of gastric cancer cells and attenuated M2 macrophage polarization, thereby exerting an anticancer effect on gastric cancer.
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New insights into binding of natural chalcones to Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 anti-apoptotic proteins. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Biological Activity, Hepatotoxicity, and Structure-Activity Relationship of Kavalactones and Flavokavins, the Two Main Bioactive Components in Kava ( Piper methysticum). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6851798. [PMID: 34471418 PMCID: PMC8405297 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6851798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Kava (Piper methysticum Forst) is a popular and favorable edible medicinal herb which was traditionally used to prepare a nonfermented beverage with relaxant beneficial for both social and recreational purposes. Numerous studies conducted on kava have confirmed the presence of kavalactones and flavokawains, two major groups of bioactive ingredients, in this miraculous natural plant. Expectedly, both kavalactone and flavokawain components exhibited potent antianxiety and anticancer activities, and their structure-activity relationships were also revealed. However, dozens of clinical data revealed the hepatotoxicity effect which is indirectly or directly associated with kava consumption, and most of the evidence currently seems to point the compounds of flavokawains in kava were responsible. Therefore, our aim is to conduct a systematic review of kavalactones and flavokawains in kava including their biological activities, structure-activity relationships, and toxicities, and as a result of our systematic investigations, suggestions on kava and its compounds are supplied for future research.
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Peppers: A "Hot" Natural Source for Antitumor Compounds. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061521. [PMID: 33802144 PMCID: PMC8002096 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Piper, Capsicum, and Pimenta are the main genera of peppers consumed worldwide. The traditional use of peppers by either ancient civilizations or modern societies has raised interest in their biological applications, including cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects. Cellular responses upon treatment with isolated pepper-derived compounds involve mechanisms of cell death, especially through proapoptotic stimuli in tumorigenic cells. In this review, we highlight naturally occurring secondary metabolites of peppers with cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines. Available mechanisms of cell death, as well as the development of analogues, are also discussed.
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Celentano A, Yiannis C, Paolini R, Zhang P, Farah CS, Cirillo N, Yap T, McCullough M. Kava constituents exert selective anticancer effects in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15904. [PMID: 32985597 PMCID: PMC7522996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kava is a beverage made from the ground roots of the plant Piper Methysticum. Active compounds of Kava have previously been demonstrated to exert an antiproliferative effect through cell cycle arrest and promotion of apoptosis. Our aim was to investigate the in vitro effects of the main constituents derived from Kava on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) activity. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) was used to characterise the main constituents of two Kava preparations. Cell proliferation was assessed in two human OSCC cell lines (H400 and BICR56) and in normal oral keratinocytes (OKF6) treated with the identified Kava constituents, namely Flavokawain A (FKA), Flavokawain B (FKB), yangonin, kavain and methysticin using an MTS in vitro assay. Cell migration at 16 h was assessed using a Transwell migration assay. Cell invasion was measured at 22 h using a Matrigel assay. Cell adhesion was assessed at 90 min with a Cytoselect Adhesion assay. The two Kava preparations contained substantially different concentrations of the main chemical constituents. Treatment of malignant and normal oral keratinocyte cell lines with three of the identified constituents, 10 μg/ml FKA, 2.5 μg/ml FKB and 10 μg/ml yangonin, showed a significant reduction in cell proliferation in both H400 and BICR56 cancer cell lines but not in normal OKF6 cells. Remarkably, the same Kava constituents induced a significant reduction of OSCC cell migration and invasion. We have demonstrated, for the first time, that Kava constituents, FKA, FKB and yangonin have potential anticancer effects on OSCC. This highlights an avenue for further research of Kava constituents in the development of future cancer therapies to prevent and treat OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Celentano
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia.
| | - Callisthenis Yiannis
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Rita Paolini
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Pangzhen Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 142 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Camile S Farah
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research and Education, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.,Oral, Maxillofacial and Dental Surgery, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Nicola Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Tami Yap
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Michael McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
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High-Throughput Analysis of Flavokawains in Kava (Piper methysticum Forst. f.) Roots, Chips and Powders and Correlations with Their Acetonic Extracts Absorbance. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Palko-Łabuz A, Kostrzewa-Susłow E, Janeczko T, Środa-Pomianek K, Poła A, Uryga A, Michalak K. Cyclization of flavokawain B reduces its activity against human colon cancer cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 39:262-275. [PMID: 31640425 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119882986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chalcones are naturally occurring compounds exhibiting biological activity through multiple mechanisms. Flavokawain B is one of chalcones found in kava plant. In our studies, we focused on the anticancer activity of flavokawain B in colorectal cancer cells LoVo and its resistant to doxorubicin subline-LoVo/Dx. Strong cytotoxic activity of flavokawain B and its ability to inhibit the proliferation in both cell lines was detected. These effects accompanied with induction cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and the presence of SubG1 fraction. Flavokawain B at low concentration led to increase of caspase-3 activity. The chalcone-induced apoptosis was also confirmed by DNA fragmentation. In our work, the conversion of flavokawain B to corresponding flavanone-5,7-dimetoxyflavanone-was shown to be more extensive in cancer than in non-cancer cells. We found that the cyclization of the chalcone was related to the significant decrease in the cytotoxicity. Cell proliferation and cell cycle progression were not impaired significantly in the studied cancer cells incubated with 5,7-dimethoxyflavanone. We did not observe apoptosis in the cells incubated with flavanone. The results from biological studies agreed with the theoretical activity that emerges from structural parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Palko-Łabuz
- Department of Biophysics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - E Kostrzewa-Susłow
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - T Janeczko
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - K Środa-Pomianek
- Department of Biophysics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - A Poła
- Department of Biophysics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - A Uryga
- Department of Biophysics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - K Michalak
- Department of Biophysics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Celentano A, Tran A, Testa C, Thayanantha K, Tan-Orders W, Tan S, Syamal M, McCullough MJ, Yap T. The protective effects of Kava (Piper Methysticum) constituents in cancers: A systematic review. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 48:510-529. [PMID: 31172600 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kava is a beverage made from the ground roots of the plant Piper Methysticum and has long-held a significant place within Pacific island communities. Active compounds were extracted from kava, and secondary metabolites include kavalactones, chalcones, cinnamic acid derivatives and flavanones. It is thought that components of kava may exert an antiproliferative effect through cell cycle arrest and promotion of apoptosis. METHODS We conducted a systematic review to summarize available evidence of the anticancer effects of kava components and investigate their potential use for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) treatment. Eligible studies were identified through a comprehensive search of OVID EMBASE, OVID MEDLINE and Web of Science, as at April 2018. RESULTS Of 39 papers that met the inclusion criteria, 32 included in vitro models and 13 included animal studies. A total of 26 different cancers were assessed with 32 studies solely assessing epithelial cancers, 6 mesenchymal cancers and 1 study including both. There was only one report assessing an OSCC cell line. Antiproliferative properties were demonstrated in 32 out of 39 papers. The most researched constituent of kava was flavokavain B followed by flavokavain A. Both were associated with increased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and decreased expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. Further, they were associated with a dose-dependent reduction of angiogenesis. CONCLUSION There was heterogeneity of study models and methods of investigation across the studies identified. Components of kava appear to present an area of interest with chemotherapeutic potential in cancer prevention and treatment, particularly for epithelial neoplasms. To date, there is a paucity of literature of the utility of kava components in the prevention and treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Celentano
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Tran
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claire Testa
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Krishen Thayanantha
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - William Tan-Orders
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie Tan
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mitali Syamal
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael J McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tami Yap
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Wang J, Qi Q, Zhou W, Feng Z, Huang B, Chen A, Zhang D, Li W, Zhang Q, Jiang Z, Bjerkvig R, Prestegarden L, Thorsen F, Wang X, Li X, Wang J. Inhibition of glioma growth by flavokawain B is mediated through endoplasmic reticulum stress induced autophagy. Autophagy 2018; 14:2007-2022. [PMID: 30025493 PMCID: PMC6152528 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1501133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavokawain B (FKB), a natural kava chalcone, displays potent antitumor activity in various types of cancer. The mechanism of action, however, remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of FKB in the treatment of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) as well as the molecular basis for its inhibitory effects in cancer. Approximately 60% of GBM cells became senescent after treatment with FKB as assessed in the senescence-associated (SA)-GLB1/SA-β-galactosidase assay. The cellular process of autophagy potentially contributed to the establishment of senescence. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the formation of autophagic vesicles under FKB treatment, and MAP1LC3B (microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta)-II was increased. Transfection of ATG5 or ATG7 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) inhibited FKB-induced autophagy in U251 cells. Western blot revealed that molecular components of the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway were activated, including ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4) and DDIT3 (DNA damage inducible transcript 3), while levels of TRIB3 (tribbles pseudokinase 3) increased. In addition, based on the phosphorylation status, the AKT-MTOR-RPS6KB1 pathway was inhibited, which induced autophagy in GBM cells. Inhibition of autophagy by autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine and chloroquine or knockdown of ATG5 or ATG7 caused FKB-treated U251 cells to switch from senescence to apoptosis. Finally, knockdown of ATG5 or treatment with chloroquine in combination with FKB, significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Our results demonstrated that FKB induced protective autophagy through the ATF4-DDIT3-TRIB3-AKT-MTOR-RPS6KB1 signaling pathway in GBM cells, indicating that the combination treatment of FKB with autophagy inhibitors may potentially be an effective therapeutic strategy for GBM. ABBREVIATIONS 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; 4-PBA: 4-phenylbutyrate; AKT: AKT serine/threonine kinase; ATF4: activating transcription factor 4; ATG: autophagy related; CASP3: caspase 3; CCK-8: cell counting kit-8; CDKN1A: cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A; CQ: chloroquine; DDIT3: DNA damage inducible transcript 3; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; EIF2A: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A; EIF2AK3: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; FKB: flavokawain B; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GBM: glioblastoma multiforme; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HSPA5: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; PARP1: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; 1RPS6KB1: ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1; SA-GLB1: senescence-associated galactosidase beta 1; siRNA: short interfering RNA; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TRIB3: tribbles pseudokinase 3; TUNEL: deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Qichao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zichao Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Anjing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Brain Tumour Research Centre, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Prestegarden
- Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Brain Tumour Research Centre, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frits Thorsen
- Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Brain Tumour Research Centre, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- The Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Brain Tumour Research Centre, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Thieury C, Lebouvier N, Le Guével R, Barguil Y, Herbette G, Antheaume C, Hnawia E, Asakawa Y, Nour M, Guillaudeux T. Mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationships of cytotoxic flavokawain derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:1817-1829. [PMID: 28214231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
22 Flavokawain derivatives (FKd) were obtained by one step syntheses in order to conduct a SAR study to understand the structural requirements for optimum and selective cytotoxicity. FKd and natural flavokawains A and B found into kava, a South Pacific traditional beverage, were evaluated against nine cancer and one healthy cell lines. The targeted cell cycle phases as well as the effects on the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle protein levels were investigated. Therapeutic improvements (more activity and selectivity) were achieved with FKd compared to natural flavokawains and notably with the 2',3,4',6'-tetramethoxychalcone (FKd 19). FKd induced a G1/S arrest on p53 wild-type cells and an M arrest on p53 mutant-type, via the up-regulation of p21 and cyclin B1 proteins, followed by apoptosis. Moreover, FKd exhibited a 24h-effect on Akt/mTor normal cells versus a 48h-effect on Akt/mTor up-regulated cells. The SAR study resulted in the conclusion that trimethoxy A-ring allowed the best compromise between cytotoxicity and selectivity, as well as the substitution of the meta position on the B-ring and the use of halogens substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Thieury
- LIVE EA 4243, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, avenue James Cook, BPR4, 98851 Nouméa, New Caledonia.
| | - Nicolas Lebouvier
- LIVE EA 4243, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, avenue James Cook, BPR4, 98851 Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Rémy Le Guével
- UMS 3480 CNRS/US INSERM 018 BIOSIT Plateforme ImPACcell, Université de Rennes 1, 2 avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Yann Barguil
- LIVE EA 4243, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, avenue James Cook, BPR4, 98851 Nouméa, New Caledonia; Laboratoire de Biochimie et d'Hémostase, Hôpital Gaston Bourret, 7 avenue Paul Doumer, 98800 Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Gaëtan Herbette
- Spectropole, FR1739 - Faculté de Saint-Jérôme, Université d'Aix-Marseille, 52 Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemen, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Cyril Antheaume
- LIVE EA 4243, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, avenue James Cook, BPR4, 98851 Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Edouard Hnawia
- LIVE EA 4243, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, avenue James Cook, BPR4, 98851 Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Yoshinori Asakawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Nishihamahoji-180 Yamashirocho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Mohammed Nour
- LIVE EA 4243, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, avenue James Cook, BPR4, 98851 Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Thierry Guillaudeux
- UMS 3480 CNRS/US INSERM 018 BIOSIT Plateforme ImPACcell, Université de Rennes 1, 2 avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France; UMR INSERM U917 "Microenvironnement et cancer", Université de Rennes 1, 2 avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France; INSERM 440 Université de Rennes 1 "Oncogenesis Stress Signaling", Centre Eugène Marquis, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France
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Expression of miRNAs in adenoid cystic carcinomas of the breast and salivary glands. Virchows Arch 2015; 467:551-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-015-1827-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Breast- and Salivary Gland-Derived Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas: Potential Post-Transcriptional Divergencies. A Pilot Study Based on miRNA Expression Profiling of Four Cases and Review of the Potential Relevance of the Findings. Pathol Oncol Res 2014; 21:29-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9770-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abu N, Ho WY, Yeap SK, Akhtar MN, Abdullah MP, Omar AR, Alitheen NB. The flavokawains: uprising medicinal chalcones. Cancer Cell Int 2013; 13:102. [PMID: 24148263 PMCID: PMC4015927 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based compounds have been in the spotlight in search of new and promising drugs. Flavokawain A, B and C are naturally occurring chalcones that have been isolated from several medicinal plants; namely the piper methysticum or commercially known as the kava-kava. Multiple researches have been done to evaluate the bioactivities of these compounds. It has been shown that all three flavokawains may hold promising anti-cancer effects. It has also been revealed that both flavokawain A and B are involved in the induction of cell cycle arrest in several cancer cell lines. Nevertheless, flavokawain B was shown to be more effective in treating in vitro cancer cell lines as compared to flavokawain A and C. Flavokawain B also exerts antinociceptive effects as well as anti-inflammation properties. This mini-review attempts to discuss the biological properties of all the flavokawains that have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiah Abu
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
- Bright Sparks Unit, University Malaya, 53500, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- Institut of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - M Nadeem Akhtar
- Faculty of industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | | | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Institut of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
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Liu Y, Liu JH, Chai K, Tashiro SI, Onodera S, Ikejima T. Inhibition of c-Met promoted apoptosis, autophagy and loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential in oridonin-induced A549 lung cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:1622-42. [PMID: 24102522 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Herein, inhibition of hepatocyte growth factor receptor, c-Met, significantly increased cytochrome c release and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, indicating that c-Met played an anti-apoptotic role. The following experiments are to elucidate this anti-apoptotic mechanism, then the effect of c-Met on autophagy has also been discussed. METHODS Investigated was the influence of c-Met on apoptosis, autophagy and loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm), and the relevant proteins were examined. KEY FINDINGS First, we found that activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p53 was promoted by c-Met interference. Subsequent studies indicated that ERK was the upstream effector of p53, and this ERK-p53 pathway mediated release of cytochrome c and up-regulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Secondly, the inhibition of c-Met augmented oridonin-induced loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm), resulting apoptosis. Finally, the inhibition of c-Met increased oridonin-induced A549 cell autophagy accompanied by Beclin-1 activation and conversion from microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)-I to LC3-II. Activation of ERK-p53 was also detected in autophagy process and could be augmented by inhibition of c-Met. Moreover, suppression of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or small interfering RNA against Beclin-1 or Atg5 decreased oridonin-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of apoptosis by pan-caspase inhibitor (z-VAD-fmk) decreased oridonin-induced autophagy as well and Loss of Δψm also occurred during autophagic process. CONCLUSION Thus, inhibiting c-Met enhanced oridonin-induced apoptosis, autophagy and loss of Δψm in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China; China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Ji T, Lin C, Krill LS, Eskander R, Guo Y, Zi X, Hoang BH. Flavokawain B, a kava chalcone, inhibits growth of human osteosarcoma cells through G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:55. [PMID: 23764122 PMCID: PMC3681603 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy with a high propensity for local invasion and distant metastasis. Limited by the severe toxicity of conventional agents, the therapeutic bottleneck of osteosarcoma still remains unconquered. Flavokawain B (FKB), a kava extract, has been reported to have significant anti-tumor effects on several carcinoma cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. Its efficacy and low toxicity profile make FKB a promising agent for use as a novel chemotherapeutic agent. RESULTS In the current study, we investigated the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of FKB against human osteosarcomas. Exposure of OS cells to FKB resulted in apoptosis, evidenced by loss of cell viability, morphological changes and the externalization of phosphatidylserine. Apoptosis induced by FKB resulted in activation of Caspase-3/7, -8 and -9 in OS cell lines, 143B and Saos-2. FKB also down-regulated inhibitory apoptotic markers, including Bcl-2 and Survivin and led to concomitant increases in apoptotic proteins, Bax, Puma and Fas. Therefore, the induction of apoptosis by FKB involved both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. FKB also caused G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, which was observed through reductions in the levels of cyclin B1, cdc2 and cdc25c and increases in Myt1 levels. Furthermore, migration and invasion ability was decreased by FKB in a dose-dependent manner. The cytotoxicity profile showed FKB had significant lower side effects on bone marrow cells and small intestinal epithelial cells compared with Adriamycin. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our evidence of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by FKB treatment with less toxicity than the standard treatments provides an innovative argument for the use of FKB as a chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive compound. In vivo experiments utilizing FKB to reduce tumorigenesis and metastatic potential will be crucial to further justify clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Irvine Multidisciplinary Sarcoma Center, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, USA
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Zhang W, Liu A, Li Y, Zhao X, Lv S, Zhu W, Jin Y. Anticancer activity and mechanism of juglone on human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012. [PMID: 23181283 DOI: 10.1139/y2012-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Induction of apoptosis in tumor cells has become the major focus of anti-tumor therapeutics development. Juglone, a major chemical constituent of Juglans mandshurica Maxim, possesses several bioactivities, including anti-tumor. In the present study, HeLa cells were incubated with juglone at various concentrations. The proliferation inhibition of juglone on HeLa cells was tested by the MTT assay. Occurrence of apoptosis was detected by Hoechst 33258 staining, flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscopy. The expression of apoptotic-related proteins was examined by Western blot. The results showed that juglone inhibits the growth of HeLa cells in dose-dependent manner. Topical morphological changes of apoptotic body formation after juglone treatment were observed. The percentages of early apoptosis of Annexin V-FITC were 5.23%, 7.95%, 10.69%, and 20.92% with the concentrations of juglone (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 µmol/L), respectively. After cells were treated with juglone at the different dose for 24 h, the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly down-regulated and the expression of Bax was significantly up-regulated compared with the control. These events paralleled with activation of caspase-9, -8, -3, and PARP cleavage. The results suggest that juglone may be effective for the treatment of HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Jin Lin Medical College, Ji Lin 132013, P.R. China
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Flavokawain B induces apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer H460 cells via Bax-initiated mitochondrial and JNK pathway. Biotechnol Lett 2012; 34:1781-8. [PMID: 22729748 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-012-0976-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Flavokawain B (FKB) possesses strong anti-neoplastic activity against many cancer cells. Here we assessed its antitumor activity and molecular mechanisms in lung cancer H460 cells in vitro. FKB significantly inhibited cell proliferation and caused arrest of the cell cycle G2-M of H460 cells in a dose-dependent manner. FKB also inducted apoptosis, which was associated with cytochrome c release, caspase-7 and caspase-9 activation and Bcl-xL/Bax dys-regulation. FKB significantly down-regulated survivin and XIAP, and the inhibitory effect induced by FKB was greatly attenuated by through over-expression of survivin or Bax(-/-) MEFs. Furthermore, FKB activated the mitogen-activated protein kinases and the JNK inhibitor SP600125 significantly decreased the growth-inhibitory and apoptotic effects of FKB. Together, these results suggest the anti-lung cancer potential of flavokawain B for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer.
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