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Berry SL, Shipley LA, Long RA, Loggers C. Differences in dietary niche and foraging behavior of sympatric mule and white‐tailed deer. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Berry
- School of the Environment Washington State University Pullman Washington 99164 USA
| | - Lisa A. Shipley
- School of the Environment Washington State University Pullman Washington 99164 USA
| | - Ryan A. Long
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences University of Idaho Moscow Idaho 83844 USA
| | - Chris Loggers
- Colville National Forest U.S. Forest Service Kettle Falls Washington 99141 USA
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Wagoner SJ, Shipley LA, Cook RC, Hardesty L. Spring cattle grazing and mule deer nutrition in a bluebunch wheatgrass community. J Wildl Manage 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara J. Wagoner
- School of the Environment; Washington State University; Pullman WA 99164-6410, USA
| | - Lisa A. Shipley
- School of the Environment; Washington State University; Pullman WA 99164-6410, USA
| | - Rachel C. Cook
- School of the Environment; Washington State University; Pullman WA 99164-6410, USA
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement; Forestry and Range Sciences Laboratory; 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande OR 97850, USA
| | - Linda Hardesty
- School of the Environment; Washington State University; Pullman WA 99164-6410, USA
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Development and application of a delayed-release anthelmintic intra-ruminal bolus system for experimental manipulation of nematode worm burdens. Parasitology 2012; 139:1086-92. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182012000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYIn order to quantify the impact of parasites on host population dynamics, experimental manipulations that perturb the parasite-host relationship are needed but, logistically, this is difficult for wild hosts. Here, we describe the use of a delayed-release anthelmintic delivery system that can be administered when the hosts can be captured and its activity delayed until a more appropriate period in the host-parasite cycle. Our model system is Svalbard reindeer infected with a nematode parasite, Marshallagia marshalli, which appears to accumulate during the Arctic winter. To determine the extent to which this occurs and the effect on host fitness, reindeer need to be treated with anthelmintics in late autumn but they can only be caught and handled in April. To solve this problem, we devised an intra-ruminal capsule that releases the anthelmintic from up to 6 months after being administered. The capsule was trialed in cannulated sheep and red deer to determine optimum capsule orifice size and release rates. Capsules were estimated to release placebo for 100–153 days followed by abamectin for 22–34 days. To test the efficacy of treatment in reindeer, capsules were administered in April and retrieved in October. All capsules had fully released the anthelmintic and treated reindeer had significantly lower worm burdens than controls. Thus, success of this system allows repeated treatment over several years to test the effect of winter parasitism on host fitness.
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Kuzyk G, Hudson R. Animal-unit equivalence of bison, wapiti, and mule deer in the aspen parkland of Alberta. CAN J ZOOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1139/z07-058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Animal-unit equivalences needed for joint-stocking calculations of ungulates are rarely studied because of difficulties deriving accurate estimates of forage intake. We used indigestible internal and external markers (double n-alkane ratio) to determine animal-unit equivalence of bison ( Bison bison (L., 1758)), wapiti ( Cervus elaphus canadensis L., 1758), and mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque, 1817)) in the aspen parkland of east-central Alberta. We hypothesized that dry matter intake would differ among species in absolute terms (kg·day–1) but not when expressed as percent body mass (%BM) or when related to metabolic mass (g·kg–1·day–1 BM0.75). We administered slow-release n-alkane capsules to 12 bison, 3 wapiti, and 11 mule deer and released them into separate 3–7 ha paddocks during summer and fall. Intake of dry matter by bison, wapiti, and mule deer differed significantly among species when expressed as total intake (p = 0.009) and %BM (p = 0.014) but not when related to metabolic mass (p = 0.237). Dry matter intake related to metabolic mass did not differ between bison and mule deer in any comparison despite a 6.8-fold difference in body size, suggesting that intake scales to metabolic mass, and is the preferred expression of animal-unit equivalents.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.W. Kuzyk
- Department of Renewable Resources, 751 General Services Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - R.J. Hudson
- Department of Renewable Resources, 751 General Services Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada
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