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Elazary Y, Cheow K, Cheng RK, Ghosh R, Shainer I, Wexler Y, Crasta K, Gothilf Y, Jesuthasan SJ. Glial cells expressing visual cycle genes are vital for photoreceptor survival in the zebrafish pineal gland. J Pineal Res 2023; 74:e12854. [PMID: 36692235 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Photoreceptors in the vertebrate eye are dependent on the retinal pigmented epithelium for a variety of functions including retinal re-isomerization and waste disposal. The light-sensitive pineal gland of fish, birds, and amphibians is evolutionarily related to the eye but lacks a pigmented epithelium. Thus, it is unclear how these functions are performed. Here, we ask whether a subpopulation of zebrafish pineal cells, which express glial markers and visual cycle genes, is involved in maintaining photoreceptors. Selective ablation of these cells leads to a loss of pineal photoreceptors. Moreover, these cells internalize exorhodopsin that is secreted by pineal rod-like photoreceptors, and in turn release CD63-positive extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are taken up by pdgfrb-positive phagocytic cells in the forebrain meninges. These results identify a subpopulation of glial cells that is critical for pineal photoreceptor survival and indicate the existence of cells in the forebrain meninges that receive EVs released by these pineal cells and potentially function in waste disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotam Elazary
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kathleen Cheow
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Ruey-Kuang Cheng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
| | - Raghumoy Ghosh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Inbal Shainer
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yair Wexler
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Karen Crasta
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoav Gothilf
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Suresh J Jesuthasan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
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Guerrera AG, Daniel MJ, Hughes KA. Black and orange coloration predict success during male–male competition in the guppy. Behav Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arac093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Investigating how intrasexual competition and intersexual mate choice act within a system is crucial to understanding the maintenance and diversity of sexually-dimorphic traits. These two processes can act in concert by selecting for the same trait, or in opposition by selecting for different extremes of the same trait; they can also act on different traits, potentially increasing trait complexity. We asked whether male–male competition and female mate choice act on the same male traits using Trinidadian guppies, which exhibit sexual size dimorphism and male-limited color patterns consisting of different colors arranged along the body and fins. We used behavioral assays to assess the relationship between color and competitive success and then compared our results to the plethora of data on female choice and color in our study population. Males initiated more contests if they were larger than their competitor. Males won contests more often if they had more black coloration than their competitor, and the effect of black was stronger when males had less orange than their competitor. Additionally, males won more often if they had either more structural color (iridescence) and more orange, or less structural color and less orange than their competitor, suggesting multiple combinations of color traits predict success. Females from our study population exhibit a strong preference for more orange coloration. Thus, traits favored in male contests differ from those favored by intersexual selection in this population. These results suggest that inter- and intrasexual selection, when acting concurrently, can promote increased complexity of sexually selected traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa G Guerrera
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University , Tallahassee, FL , USA
| | - M J Daniel
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University , Tallahassee, FL , USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - K A Hughes
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University , Tallahassee, FL , USA
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Olsson KH, Nilsson Sköld H, Merilaita S, Kvarnemo C. Dark-eyed females: sexually dimorphic prespawning coloration results from sex-specific physiological response to hormone exposure in the sand goby Pomatoschistus minutus (Gobiiformes: Gobiidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The function and regulation of female nuptial colour signals are poorly understood. In fish, colour is often mediated by chromatophores, allowing for rapid and versatile signalling. Here, we examine a distinct but temporary black line around the eyes and snout (‘dark eyes’) displayed by female sand gobies before spawning and never observed in males. We investigate the regulatory mechanism of the display by analysing the number of melanophores in both sexes in vitro and their response to hormonal exposure. We also test the hypothesis that dark eyes serve an anti-glare function and focus the line of sight, by analysing the frequency, intensity and duration of the display in bright and dim light, with and without males present. We show that the sexes do not differ in terms of the number of melanophores, but that males and females respond in different ways to exposure to melanocyte-stimulating hormone, which has a stronger dilatory effect in females and results in a darker line. However, the darkness of the iris is not affected. Neither light levels nor the presence of potential mates affect the frequency of the dark eye display, but the display is longer lasting and more intense in the presence of smaller nest-holding males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin H Olsson
- Inter-University Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, Eilat, Israel
- School of Zoology, George S Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Sami Merilaita
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Charlotta Kvarnemo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Linnean Center for Marine Evolutionary Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Franco-Belussi L, De Oliveira C, Sköld HN. Regulation of eye and jaw colouration in three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 92:1788-1804. [PMID: 29577284 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fish can change their skin and eye colour for background matching and signalling. Males of Gasterosteus aculeatus develop ornamental blue eyes and a red jaw during the reproductive season, colours that are further enhanced during courtship. Here, the effects of different hormones on physiological colour changes in the eyes and jaws of male and female G. aculeatus were investigated in vitro. In an in vivo experiment, G. aculeatus were injected with a receptor blocker of a pivotal hormone (noradrenaline) that controls colour change. In males, noradrenaline had aggregating effects on melanophore and erythrophore pigments resulting in blue eyes and a pale jaw, whereas melanocyte-concentrating hormone (MCH) and melatonin resulted in a pale jaw only. When noradrenalin was combined with melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) or prolactin, the jaw became red, while the eyes remained blue. In vivo injection of yohimbine, an alpha-2 adrenoreceptor blocker, resulted in dispersion of melanophore pigment in the eyes and inhibited the blue colouration. Altogether, the data suggest that noradrenalin has a pivotal role in the short-term enhancement of the ornamental colouration of male G. aculeatus, potentially together with MSH or prolactin. This study also found a sex difference in the response to MCH, prolactin and melatonin, which may result from different appearance strategies in males, versus the more cryptic females.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Franco-Belussi
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Sciences - Kristineberg, University of Gothenburg, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | - C De Oliveira
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H N Sköld
- Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Sciences - Kristineberg, University of Gothenburg, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- Havets Hus in Lysekil, Strandvägen 9, 453 30 Lysekil, Sweden
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Effects of methylphenidate on responses to novelty in a teleost fish (Poecilia reticulata). Behav Brain Res 2016; 302:53-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sköld HN, Aspengren S, Cheney KL, Wallin M. Fish Chromatophores—From Molecular Motors to Animal Behavior. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 321:171-219. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hall ZJ, De Serrano AR, Rodd FH, Tropepe V. Casting a wider fish net on animal models in neuropsychiatric research. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 55:7-15. [PMID: 24726811 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, are associated with abnormal brain development. In this review, we discuss how studying dimensional components of these disorders, or endophenotypes, in a wider range of animal models will deepen our understanding of how interactions between biological and environmental factors alter the trajectory of neurodevelopment leading to aberrant behavior. In particular, we discuss some of the advantages of incorporating studies of brain and behavior using a range of teleost fish species into current neuropsychiatric research. From the perspective of comparative neurobiology, teleosts share a fundamental pattern of neurodevelopment and functional brain organization with other vertebrates, including humans. These shared features provide a basis for experimentally probing the mechanisms of disease-associated brain abnormalities. Moreover, incorporating information about how behaviors have been shaped by evolution will allow us to better understand the relevance of behavioral variation to determine their physiological underpinnings. We believe that exploiting the conservation in brain development across vertebrate species, and the rich diversity of fish behavior in lab and natural populations will lead to significant new insights and a holistic understanding of the neurobiological systems implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Hall
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Alex R De Serrano
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - F Helen Rodd
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Vincent Tropepe
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Canada.
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Nilsson Sköld H, Aspengren S, Wallin M. Rapid color change in fish and amphibians - function, regulation, and emerging applications. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012; 26:29-38. [PMID: 23082932 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Physiological color change is important for background matching, thermoregulation as well as signaling and is in vertebrates mediated by synchronous intracellular transport of pigmented organelles in chromatophores. We describe functions of and animal situations where color change occurs. A summary of endogenous and external factors that regulate this color change in fish and amphibians is provided, with special emphasis on extracellular stimuli. We describe not only color change in skin, but also highlight studies on color change that occurs using chromatophores in other areas such as iris and on the inside of the body. In addition, we discuss the growing field that applies melanophores and skin color in toxicology and as biosensors, and point out research areas with future potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Nilsson Sköld
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Volkova K, Reyhanian N, Kot-Wasik A, Olsén H, Porsch-Hällström I, Hallgren S. Brain circuit imprints of developmental 17α-Ethinylestradiol exposure in guppies (Poecilia reticulata): persistent effects on anxiety but not on reproductive behaviour. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012; 178:282-90. [PMID: 22687331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effects of endocrine disruptors may vary with the timing of exposure. The physiological implications of adult exposure are present during and shortly after exposure while embryonic exposure can imprint changes manifested in adulthood. In this study, guppy (Poecilia reticulata) embryos were exposed to 2 and 20 ng/L of 17α-ethinylestradiol during development via the mother and reared in clean water from gestation until 6 months of age. As adults, fish exposed to 20 ng/L during development showed significantly altered behaviour in the Novel Tank test, where anxiety is determined as the tendency to remain at the bottom upon introduction into an unfamiliar tank. 17α-ethinylestradiol treatment increased the latency time before swimming to the upper half of the tank and decreased the number of transitions to the upper half. In control females the basal stress behaviour responses were significantly higher than in males, as indicated by longer latency period and fewer and shorter visits to the upper half, supporting the importance of gonadal hormones for the behaviour. The anxiety increased, however, with treatment in both sexes, suggesting that the observed response is not entirely due to feminisation of the males. Shoaling behaviour, analysed as tendency to leave a shoal of littermates, was neither sex-differentiated nor changed by treatment. Also male reproductive behaviour, brain aromatase activity and testes histology, previously shown to respond to oestrogen exposure in adult guppy, were unaffected by the developmental treatment. This suggests that the stress system in the guppy is very sensitive to 17α-ethinylestradiol, which possibly causes an early organisational imprint on the brain circuit that regulates stress reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Volkova
- School of Life Sciences, Södertörn University, SE-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
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