1
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Stoffer B, Uetz GW. Juvenile vibratory experience affects adult mate preferences in a wolf spider. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-023-03312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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2
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Rines IG, Harrod AE, Hunt J, Sadd BM, Sakaluk SK. Disentangling effects of mating, nuptial gifts and accessory gland proteins on reproduction in female crickets. Anim Behav 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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3
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Tanner JC, Johnson ER, Zuk M. Is plasticity in field cricket mating behaviour mediated by experience of song quality? Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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4
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Zweerus NL, van Wijk M, Smallegange IM, Groot AT. Mating status affects female choice when females are signalers. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8864. [PMID: 35462973 PMCID: PMC9019137 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection in animals has been mostly studied in species in which males are signalers and females are choosers. However, in many species, females are (also) signalers. In species with non‐signaling females, virgin females are hypothesized to be less choosy than mated females, as virgins must mate to realize fitness and the number of available males is generally limited. Yet, when females signal to attract males, mate limitation can be overcome. We tested how virgin and mated females differ in their calling behavior, mating latency, and in mate choice, using the tobacco budworm Chloridea (Heliothis) virescens as an example for a species in which females are not only choosers but also signalers. We found that virgin females signaled longer than mated females, but virgin and mated signaling females were equally ready to mate, in contrast to non‐signaling females. However, we found that virgin signaling females showed weaker mate preference than mated females, which can be explained by the fact that females increase their fitness with multiple matings. Mated females may thus further increase their fitness by more stringent mate selection. We conclude that signaling is a crucial aspect to consider when studying female mate choice because signaling may affect the number of available mates to choose from.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi L. Zweerus
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - Michiel van Wijk
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - Isabel M. Smallegange
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands
- School of Natural & Environmental Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Astrid T. Groot
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands
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5
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Tanner JC, Simmons LW. Spoiled for choice: number of signalers constrains mate choice based on acoustic signals. Behav Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arab136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Animal communication mediates social interactions with important fitness consequences for individuals. Receivers use signals to detect and discriminate among potential mates. Extensive research effort has focused on how receiver behavior imposes selection on signalers and signals. However, animals communicate in socially and physically complex environments with important biotic and abiotic features that are often excluded from controlled laboratory experiments, including noise. “Noise” is any factor that prevents signal detection and discrimination. The noise caused by aggregates of acoustic signalers is a well-known impediment to receivers, but how many individual signalers are required to produce the emergent effects of chorus noise on receiver behavior? In Teleogryllus oceanicus, the Australian field cricket, we assayed female preferences for a temporal property of male advertisement signals, the number of long chirp pulses, using two-, four-, six-, and eight-choice phonotaxis experiments. We found that, as the number of individual signalers increased, receivers became less likely to respond phonotactically and less likely to express their well-documented preference for more long chirp pulses. We found that very few individual signalers can create a sufficiently noisy environment, due either to acoustic interference or choice overload, to substantially impair female preference expression. Our results suggest that receivers may not always be able to express their well-documented mating preferences in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie C Tanner
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Leigh W Simmons
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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6
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Modak S, Brown WD, Balakrishnan R. Decoupling of female phonotaxis and mating propensity in a tree cricket. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-021-03084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Mating increases Drosophila melanogaster females' choosiness by reducing olfactory sensitivity to a male pheromone. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:1165-1173. [PMID: 34155384 PMCID: PMC9477091 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01482-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Females that are highly selective when choosing a mate run the risk of remaining unmated or delaying commencing reproduction. Therefore, low female choosiness would be beneficial when males are rare but it would be maladaptive if males become more frequent. How can females resolve this issue? Polyandry would allow mating-status-dependent choosiness, with virgin females selecting their first mate with little selectivity and becoming choosier thereafter. This plasticity in choosiness would ensure timely acquisition of sperm and enable females to increase offspring quality during later mating. Here, we show that Drosophila melanogaster females display such mating-status-dependent choosiness by becoming more selective once mated and identify the underlying neurohormonal mechanism. Mating releases juvenile hormone, which desensitizes Or47b olfactory neurons to a pheromone produced by males, resulting in increased preference for pheromone-rich males. Besides providing a mechanism to a long-standing evolutionary prediction, these data suggest that intersexual selection in D. melanogaster, and possibly in all polyandrous, sperm-storing species, is mainly the domain of mated females since virgin females are less selective. Juvenile hormone influences behaviour by changing cue responsiveness across insects; the neurohormonal modulation of olfactory neurons uncovered in D. melanogaster provides an explicit mechanism for how this hormone modulates behavioural plasticity.
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8
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Sarmiento-Ponce EJ, Rogers S, Hedwig B. Does the choosiness of female crickets change as they age? J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb241802. [PMID: 34114627 PMCID: PMC8214831 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.241802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
For crickets, which approach singing males by phonotaxis, the female choosiness hypothesis postulates that young females should be more selective of male calling song patterns than older individuals. However, there is no information about the behavioural preferences of females over their complete adulthood. We analysed phonotaxis in female Gryllus bimaculatus throughout their entire adult lifetime and measured the impact of sound amplitude, carrier frequency and the temporal pattern of test songs on their auditory response. Females of all ages demonstrated their best responses to male calling songs with a pulse period of 34-42 ms, a carrier frequency of 4.5 kHz and a sound pressure level of 75 dB. The response profile to somewhat less optimal song types did vary with age, but not in a manner consistent with a simple loosening of selectiveness in older females. Age, however, had an effect on the overall strength of phonotaxis, as very old females showed an overall diminishing response to all song types. Our data suggest that although there are minor changes in the relative preferences of crickets to individual song elements as they age, the breadth of song patterns to which they will perform phonotaxis remains similar across age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Berthold Hedwig
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
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9
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Santori C, Bussière LF, Houslay TM. Heightened perception of competition hastens courtship. Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
When animals use costly labile display or signal traits to display to the opposite sex, they face complex decisions regarding the degree and timing of their investment in separate instances of trait expression. Such decisions may be informed by not only the focal individual’s condition (or pool of available resources) but also aspects of the social environment, such as perceptions of same-sex competition or the quality of available mates. However, the relative importance of these factors to investment decisions remains unclear. Here, we use manipulations of condition (through dietary nutrition), recent social environment (exposure to a silenced male, nonsilenced male, female, or isolation), and female mating history (single or multiple male) to test how quickly male decorated crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus) decide to begin courting an available female. We find that males that were previously housed with nonsilenced males started courting the female earlier than other males. Females only mounted males after courtship began. Our results suggest a strong effect of the perception of competition on the decision to invest resources in sexual signaling behavior and that females might exert directional selection on its timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Santori
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luc F Bussière
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Thomas M Houslay
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
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10
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Dion E, Monteiro A, Nieberding CM. The Role of Learning on Insect and Spider Sexual Behaviors, Sexual Trait Evolution, and Speciation. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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11
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Tanner JC, Garbe LM, Zuk M. When virginity matters: age and mating status affect female responsiveness in crickets. Anim Behav 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Muschett G, Umbers KDL, Herberstein ME. Male mate choice in the chameleon grasshopper (Kosciuscola tristis). Ethology 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Muschett
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde New South Wales Australia
| | - Kate D. L. Umbers
- School of Science and Health; University of Western Sydney; Penrith New South Wales Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment; Western Sydney University; Penrith New South Wales Australia
| | - Marie E. Herberstein
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde New South Wales Australia
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13
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Abraham S, Díaz V, Castillo GM, Pérez-Staples D. Sequential mate choice in the South American fruit fly: the role of male nutrition, female size and host availability on female remating behaviour. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2017.1409271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Solana Abraham
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ecoetológicas de Moscas de la Fruta y sus Enemigos Naturales (LIEMEN), PROIMI-Biotecnología, CONICET, Tucumán CP 4000, Argentina
| | - Viviana Díaz
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ecoetológicas de Moscas de la Fruta y sus Enemigos Naturales (LIEMEN), PROIMI-Biotecnología, CONICET, Tucumán CP 4000, Argentina
| | - Gisela M. Castillo
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ecoetológicas de Moscas de la Fruta y sus Enemigos Naturales (LIEMEN), PROIMI-Biotecnología, CONICET, Tucumán CP 4000, Argentina
| | - Diana Pérez-Staples
- INBIOTECA, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. de las Culturas Veracruzanas 101, Col. E. Zapata, Xalapa, Veracruz CP 91090, Mexico
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14
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Kelly CD. The causes and evolutionary consequences of variation in female mate choice in insects: the effects of individual state, genotypes and environments. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 27:1-8. [PMID: 30025624 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sexual selection generally involves males evolving secondary sexual characters that satisfy the mating preferences of females. Behavioral ecologists have spent considerable research effort on identifying how variation in sexually-selected traits in insects is maintained among males at the expense of investigating the proximate and ultimate causes of variation in female mating preferences for those male traits. The past decade has witnessed improved effort in redressing this bias in insects with researchers identifying a host of factors intrinsic and extrinsic to the female as mediating flexibility in female mating behavior. Evidence is mounting that a female's social environment, whether experienced during development or as an adult, is key to shaping her mating preferences. Others have extended these observations to show that the genetic identity of the conspecific individuals comprising the social environment can have profound effects on female mating preferences via indirect genetic effects (IGEs), or through interspecific indirect genetic effects (IIGEs) if the genotype of heterospecifics influences plasticity in mating preferences. Considerably more work is needed to not only expand our list of mediating intrinsic and extrinsic factors but also to identify how their interaction influences individual variation in male and female mating preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clint D Kelly
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888 succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
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15
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Balenger SL, Lara LM, Zuk M. Relative Amplitude of Courtship Song Chirp and Trill Components Does Not Alter Female
Teleogryllus oceanicus
Mating Behavior. Ethology 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan L. Balenger
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | - Laura M. Lara
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | - Marlene Zuk
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
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16
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Travers LM, Simmons LW, Garcia-Gonzalez F. Lifetime changes in phenotypic expression and evolutionary potential of female mating traits in Drosophila melanogaster. Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Stoffer B, Uetz GW. Tuft size matters: the effects of adult visual social experience on female mate preferences in a wolf spider. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Ah-King M, Gowaty PA. A conceptual review of mate choice: stochastic demography, within-sex phenotypic plasticity, and individual flexibility. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:4607-42. [PMID: 27547301 PMCID: PMC4979695 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mate choice hypotheses usually focus on trait variation of chosen individuals. Recently, mate choice studies have increasingly attended to the environmental circumstances affecting variation in choosers' behavior and choosers' traits. We reviewed the literature on phenotypic plasticity in mate choice with the goal of exploring whether phenotypic plasticity can be interpreted as individual flexibility in the context of the switch point theorem, SPT (Gowaty and Hubbell 2009). We found >3000 studies; 198 were empirical studies of within‐sex phenotypic plasticity, and sixteen showed no evidence of mate choice plasticity. Most studies reported changes from choosy to indiscriminate behavior of subjects. Investigators attributed changes to one or more causes including operational sex ratio, adult sex ratio, potential reproductive rate, predation risk, disease risk, chooser's mating experience, chooser's age, chooser's condition, or chooser's resources. The studies together indicate that “choosiness” of potential mates is environmentally and socially labile, that is, induced – not fixed – in “the choosy sex” with results consistent with choosers' intrinsic characteristics or their ecological circumstances mattering more to mate choice than the traits of potential mates. We show that plasticity‐associated variables factor into the simpler SPT variables. We propose that it is time to complete the move from questions about within‐sex plasticity in the choosy sex to between‐ and within‐individual flexibility in reproductive decision‐making of both sexes simultaneously. Currently, unanswered empirical questions are about the force of alternative constraints and opportunities as inducers of individual flexibility in reproductive decision‐making, and the ecological, social, and developmental sources of similarities and differences between individuals. To make progress, we need studies (1) of simultaneous and symmetric attention to individual mate preferences and subsequent behavior in both sexes, (2) controlled for within‐individual variation in choice behavior as demography changes, and which (3) report effects on fitness from movement of individual's switch points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Ah-King
- Centre for Gender Research Uppsala University Box 527 SE-751 20 Uppsala Sweden; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 621 Charles E. Young Dr. S.Los Angeles California 90095; Department of Ethnology History of Religions and Gender Studies Stockholm University Universitetsvägen 10 ESE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Patricia Adair Gowaty
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 621 Charles E. Young Dr. S.Los Angeles California 90095; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Box 0948, DPOAA 34002-9998 Washington, D.C; Institute of the Environment and Sustainability University of California Los Angeles California 90095
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19
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Travers LM, Garcia-Gonzalez F, Simmons LW. Genetic variation but weak genetic covariation between pre- and post-copulatory episodes of sexual selection in Drosophila melanogaster. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:1535-52. [PMID: 27159063 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
When females mate polyandrously, male reproductive success depends both on the male's ability to attain matings and on his ability to outcompete rival males in the fertilization of ova post-copulation. Increased investment in ejaculate components may trade off with investment in precopulatory traits due to resource allocation. Alternatively, pre- and post-copulatory traits could be positively related if individuals can afford to invest heavily in traits advantageous at both episodes of selection. There is empirical evidence for both positive and negative associations between pre- and post-copulatory episodes, but little is known about the genetic basis of these correlations. In this study, we measured morphological, chemical and behavioural precopulatory male traits and investigated their relationship with measures of male fitness (male mating success, remating inhibition and offensive sperm competitiveness) across 40 isofemale lines of Drosophila melanogaster. We found significant variation among isofemale lines, indicating a genetic basis for most of the traits investigated. However, we found weak evidence for genetic correlations between precopulatory traits and our indices of male fitness. Moreover, pre- and post-copulatory episodes of selection were uncorrelated, suggesting selection may act independently at the different episodes to maximize male reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Travers
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology (M092), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - F Garcia-Gonzalez
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology (M092), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Doñana Biological Station, Spanish Research Council CSIC, Isla de la Cartuja, Seville, Spain
| | - L W Simmons
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology (M092), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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20
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Stoffer B, Uetz GW. Social experience affects female mate preferences for a visual trait in a wolf spider. Behav Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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DuVal E, Kapoor J. Causes and consequences of variation in female mate search investment in a lekking bird. Behav Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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22
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Coello Alvarado LE, MacMillan HA, Sinclair BJ. Chill-tolerant Gryllus crickets maintain ion balance at low temperatures. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 77:15-25. [PMID: 25846013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Insect cold tolerance is both phenotypically-plastic and evolutionarily labile, but the mechanisms underlying this variation are uncertain. Chill-susceptible insects lose ion and water homeostasis in the cold, which contributes to the development of injuries and eventually death. We thus hypothesized that more cold-tolerant insects will better maintain ion and water balance at low temperatures. We used rapid cold-hardening (RCH) and cold acclimation to improve cold tolerance of male Gryllus pennsylvanicus, and also compared this species to its cold-tolerant relative (Gryllus veletis). Cold acclimation and RCH decreased the critical thermal minimum (CTmin) and chill coma recovery time (CCR) in G. pennsylvanicus, but while cold acclimation improved survival of 0 °C, RCH did not; G. veletis was consistently more cold-tolerant (and had lower CCR and CTmin) than G. pennsylvanicus. During cold exposure, hemolymph water and Na(+) migrated to the gut of warm-acclimated G. pennsylvanicus, which increased hemolymph [K(+)] and decreased muscle K(+) equilibrium potentials. By contrast, cold-acclimated G. pennsylvanicus suffered a smaller loss of ion and water homeostasis during cold exposure, and this redistribution did not occur at all in cold-exposed G. veletis. The loss of ion and water balance was similar between RCH and warm-acclimated G. pennsylvanicus, suggesting that different mechanisms underlie decreased CCR and CTmin compared to increased survival at 0 °C. We conclude that increased tolerance of chilling is associated with improved maintenance of ion and water homeostasis in the cold, and that this is consistent for both phenotypic plasticity and evolved cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heath A MacMillan
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brent J Sinclair
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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23
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Stoffer B, Uetz GW. The effects of social experience with varying male availability on female mate preferences in a wolf spider. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-015-1904-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Atwell A, Wagner WE. Along came a spider who sat down beside her: Perceived predation risk, but not female age, affects female mate choosiness. Behav Processes 2015; 115:143-8. [PMID: 25857998 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Organisms often exhibit behavioral plasticity in response to changes in factors, such as predation risk, mate density, and age. Particularly, female mate choosiness (the strength of female's attraction to male traits as they deviate from preferred trait values) has repeatedly been shown to be plastic. This is due to the costs associated with searching for preferred males fluctuating with changes in such factors. Because these factors can interact naturally, it is important to understand how female mate choosiness responds to these interactions. We studied the interaction between perceived predation risk and female age on the variable field cricket, Gryllus lineaticeps. Females were either exposed or not exposed to predation cues from a sympatric, cursorial, wolf spider predator, Hogna sp. We then tested the females at one of three adult ages and measured their choosiness by recording their responsiveness to a low quality male song. We found female choosiness plasticity was affected by neither age nor the interaction between age and perceived predation risk. Perceived predation risk was the only factor to significantly affect the plasticity of female mate choosiness: females were less choosy when they perceived predation risk and were more choosy when they did not. Predation may be such a strong source of selection that, regardless of differences in other factors, most individuals respond similarly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Atwell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0118, USA.
| | - William E Wagner
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0118, USA.
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25
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Atwell A, Wagner WE. Female mate choice plasticity is affected by the interaction between male density and female age in a field cricket. Anim Behav 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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26
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27
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Gershman S, Delcourt M, Rundle HD. Sexual selection on Drosophila serrata
male pheromones does not vary with female age or mating status. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:1279-86. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Gershman
- Department of Biology; University of Ottawa; Ottawa ON Canada
- Department of Evolution; Ecology and Organismal Biology; The Ohio State University at Marion; OH USA
| | - M. Delcourt
- Department of Biology; University of Ottawa; Ottawa ON Canada
| | - H. D. Rundle
- Department of Biology; University of Ottawa; Ottawa ON Canada
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Male and female crickets modulate their courtship behaviour depending on female experience with mate availability. Anim Behav 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pacheco K, Dawson JW, Jutting M, Bertram SM. How age influences phonotaxis in virgin female Jamaican field crickets (Gryllus assimilis). PeerJ 2013; 1:e130. [PMID: 23940839 PMCID: PMC3740142 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Female mating preference can be a dominant force shaping the evolution of sexual signals. However, females rarely have consistent mating preferences throughout their lives. Preference flexibility results from complex interactions of predation risk, social and sexual experience, and age. Because residual reproductive value should theoretically decline with age, older females should not be as choosy as younger females. We explored how age influences phonotaxis towards a standard mate attraction signal using a spherical treadmill (trackball) and a no-choice experimental protocol. Female Jamaican field crickets, Gryllus assimilis, were highly variable in their phonotaxis; age explained up to 64% of this variation. Females 10 days post imaginal eclosion and older oriented toward the mate attraction signal, with 10- and 13-day females exhibiting the greatest movement in the direction of the signal. Our study suggests 10- and 13-day old females would be most responsive when quantifying the preference landscape for G. assimilis sexual signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Pacheco
- Department of Biology, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario , Canada
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Bertram SM, Harrison SJ, Thomson IR, Fitzsimmons LP. Adaptive plasticity in wild field cricket's acoustic signaling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69247. [PMID: 23935965 PMCID: PMC3720581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity can be adaptive when phenotypes are closely matched to changes in the environment. In crickets, rhythmic fluctuations in the biotic and abiotic environment regularly result in diel rhythms in density of sexually active individuals. Given that density strongly influences the intensity of sexual selection, we asked whether crickets exhibit plasticity in signaling behavior that aligns with these rhythmic fluctuations in the socio-sexual environment. We quantified the acoustic mate signaling behavior of wild-caught males of two cricket species, Gryllus veletis and G. pennsylvanicus. Crickets exhibited phenotypically plastic mate signaling behavior, with most males signaling more often and more attractively during the times of day when mating activity is highest in the wild. Most male G. pennsylvanicus chirped more often and louder, with shorter interpulse durations, pulse periods, chirp durations, and interchirp durations, and at slightly higher carrier frequencies during the time of the day that mating activity is highest in the wild. Similarly, most male G. veletis chirped more often, with more pulses per chirp, longer interpulse durations, pulse periods, and chirp durations, shorter interchirp durations, and at lower carrier frequencies during the time of peak mating activity in the wild. Among-male variation in signaling plasticity was high, with some males signaling in an apparently maladaptive manner. Body size explained some of the among-male variation in G. pennsylvanicus plasticity but not G. veletis plasticity. Overall, our findings suggest that crickets exhibit phenotypically plastic mate attraction signals that closely match the fluctuating socio-sexual context they experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M. Bertram
- Department of Biology, Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ian R. Thomson
- Department of Biology, Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Ligout S, Munier D, Marquereau L, Greenfield MD. Chronological vs. Physiological Age as Determinants of Mating Decisions: Studies on Female Choice Over Lifespan in An Acoustic Moth. Ethology 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2012.02064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Ligout
- Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte (IRBI), CNRS UMR 7261; Université François Rabelais de Tours; Tours; France
| | - Damien Munier
- Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte (IRBI), CNRS UMR 7261; Université François Rabelais de Tours; Tours; France
| | - Lucie Marquereau
- Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte (IRBI), CNRS UMR 7261; Université François Rabelais de Tours; Tours; France
| | - Michael D. Greenfield
- Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte (IRBI), CNRS UMR 7261; Université François Rabelais de Tours; Tours; France
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Piascik EK, Judge KA, Gwynne DT. Polyandry and tibial spur chewing in the Carolina ground cricket (Eunemobius carolinus). CAN J ZOOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1139/z10-065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During mating, the female Carolina ground cricket ( Eunemobius carolinus (Scudder, 1877)) chews specialized spurs on the male’s hind tibia for access to his hemolymph. One potential benefit to spur chewing includes nutritional acquisition from male hemolymph. A method for testing this hypothesis is to manipulate food quality or quantity, with the prediction that mating rate will increase as food quality or quantity decreases. We manipulated diet quality in adult females and provided them with four consecutive mating opportunities. We measured four aspects of mating behaviour (mating rate, latency to copulate, copulation duration, and spur chewing duration) and three of female fitness (egg number, egg-laying rate, and life span). Females of the two diet treatments did not differ significantly in any of the measured mating behaviours, although females fed a low-quality diet lived longer. Male life span did not correlate with any measured variable, although males that experienced more matings and longer total times of copulation and spur chewing lost more mass. These results suggest that spur chewing may be costly for males, although we detected no evidence that this behaviour was a benefit to the female or represented a form of male coercion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta K. Piascik
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Kevin A. Judge
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Darryl T. Gwynne
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
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Kernochan LE, Garcia RL. Carcinosarcomas (malignant mixed Müllerian tumor) of the uterus: advances in elucidation of biologic and clinical characteristics. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2009; 109 Pt B:180-9. [PMID: 19460280 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2014.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Carcinosarcoma of the uterus (malignant mixed Müllerian tumor [MMMT]) is an uncommon, typically extremely aggressive neoplasm histologically composed of malignant epithelial and mesenchymal (stromal) elements. Although the literature contains some debate, most authors now agree that most MMMTs derive from sarcomatous differentiation in a high-grade carcinoma. This article reviews the clinical and histopathologic features of this interesting neoplasm, with particular emphasis on recent data supporting MMMTs as primarily epithelial malignant neoplasms with areas of mesenchymal/spindle cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Kernochan
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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