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Maia-Carneiro T, Rocha CFD. Diverging structures, perch heights, temperatures, and levels of sunlight of spatial niche dimensions ease the syntopic life of Tropidurus hispidus and Tropidurus semitaeniatus (Squamata: Tropiduridae). J NAT HIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.2024905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Maia-Carneiro
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Vertebrados/Vertebrate Ecology Laboratory, Departamento de Ecologia/Department of Ecology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro/Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Frederico Duarte Rocha
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Vertebrados/Vertebrate Ecology Laboratory, Departamento de Ecologia/Department of Ecology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro/Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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2
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Boucher
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, quebec, H9X 3V9 (Canada)
| | - Marc Pollet
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Herman Teirlinckgebouw, Havenlaan 88 bus 73, B-1000 Brussels (Belgium); and Entomology Unit, Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences (RBINS), Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels (Belgium)
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3
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Diverging temporal and thermal niche dimensions favor syntopy of Tropidurus hispidus and Tropidurus semitaeniatus (Squamata: Tropiduridae). Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00523-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Carreras‐De León R, Pasachnik SA, Gerber GP, Brooks CP, Rupp E, Welch ME. Genetic structure at three spatial scales is consistent with limited philopatry in Ricord's Rock Iguanas ( Cyclura ricordii). Ecol Evol 2019; 9:8331-8350. [PMID: 31380093 PMCID: PMC6662429 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclura ricordii is an endemic iguana from Hispaniola Island and is threatened on the IUCN Red List. The main threats are predation by introduced mammals, habitat destruction, and hunting pressure. The present study focused on two nesting sites from Pedernales Province in the Dominican Republic. The hypothesis that natal philopatry influences dispersal and nest-site selection was tested. Monitoring and sampling took place in 2012 and 2013. Polymorphic markers were used to evaluate whether natal philopatry limits dispersal at multiple spatial scales. Ripley's K revealed that nests were significantly clustered at multiple scales, when both nesting sites were considered and within each nesting site. This suggests a patchy, nonrandom distribution of nests within nest sites. Hierarchical AMOVA revealed that nest-site aggregations did not explain a significant portion of genetic variation within nesting sites. However, a small but positive correlation between geographic and genetic distance was detected using a Mantel's test. Hence, the relationship between geographic distance and genetic distance among hatchlings within nest sites, while detectable, was not strong enough to have a marked effect on fine-scale genetic structure. Spatial and genetic data combined determined that the nesting sites included nesting females from multiple locations, and the hypothesis of "natal philopatry" was not supported because females nesting in the same cluster were no more closely related to each other than to other females from the same nesting site. These findings imply that nesting aggregations are more likely associated with cryptic habitat variables contributing to optimal nesting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Carreras‐De León
- Mississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMississippiUSA
- Present address:
Instituto Tecnológico de Santo DomingoSanto DomingoDominican Republic
| | - Stesha A. Pasachnik
- Institute for Conservation ResearchSan Diego Zoo GlobalEscondidoCaliforniaUSA
- Present address:
Fort Worth ZooFort WorthTexasUSA
| | - Glenn P. Gerber
- Institute for Conservation ResearchSan Diego Zoo GlobalEscondidoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Ernst Rupp
- Grupo JaraguaSanto DomingoDominican Republic
| | - Mark E. Welch
- Mississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMississippiUSA
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Arruda JLSD, Winck GR, Loebens L, Arruda DAD, Cechin SZ. Reproductive Ecology of Tropidurus catalanensis (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in Southern Brazil. SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-17-00089.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gisele R. Winck
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiza Loebens
- Departamento de Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Diego Aguiar de Arruda
- Biological Sciences Graduation, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sonia Zanini Cechin
- Departamento de Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Silva DD, Cassel M, Mehanna M, Ferreira A, Dolder MAH. Follicular Development and Reproductive Characteristics in Four Species of Brazilian Tropidurus Lizards. Zoolog Sci 2019; 35:553-563. [PMID: 30520363 DOI: 10.2108/zs180030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The follicular development and reproductive characteristics of four species of oviparous lizards in the Tropidurus torquatus group were anatomically and histologically evaluated. We measured specimens, recorded the number of follicles and eggs, and removed the right ovary of each individual, which we processed according to histological routine and photo-documented. For all species, ovaries were divided into a cortical germinal bed, where oogonia and stage I oocytes are located, and a medullar stroma, where the remaining follicular developmental stages occur. Microscopic analysis did not show differences in ovarian follicle development for the four species of the T. torquatus group. The only measurement that presented significant variation throughout follicular development was the thickness of the granulosa layer in stage VII follicles. Regarding snout-tovent length at sexual maturity, few variations were observed among the species, with the smallest length recorded for T. oreadicus. Clutch size was higher for T. itambere and T. torquatus species, with a maximum of five and six eggs in the oviducts, respectively. Tropidurus oreadicus and T. hispidus had a maximum of five and six follicles, respectively, but neither species presented eggs in the oviducts. In addition, the reproductive activity varied among the four lizard species of the T. torquatus group. Finally, besides the morphological characteristics observed among these species, this is the first study to report data on the germinal bed, number of ovarian follicles, corpus luteum, and follicular atresia in relation to reproductive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora da Silva
- 1 Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Rondonópolis. MT270 highway, Km 6, Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso 78735-901, Brazil
| | - Mônica Cassel
- 2 Mato Grosso Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology - Campus Alta Floresta. MT208 highway, s/n - Lt. 143-A, mailbox 148, Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso 78580-000, Brazil
| | - Mahmoud Mehanna
- 3 Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso. Fernando Corrêa da Costa av., 2367, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Adelina Ferreira
- 3 Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso. Fernando Corrêa da Costa av., 2367, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Mary Anne Heidi Dolder
- 4 Biology Institute, State University of Campinas. Monteiro Lobato st., 255 - Cidade Universitária, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
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Geographical Ecology ofTropidurus hispidus(Squamata: Tropiduridae) andCnemidophorus ocellifer(Squamata: Teiidae) in a Neotropical Region: A Comparison among Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, and Coastal Populations. J HERPETOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1670/16-018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
We summarize thermal-biology data of 69 species of Amazonian lizards, including mode of thermoregulation and field-active body temperatures (Tb). We also provide new data on preferred temperatures (Tpref), voluntary and thermal-tolerance ranges, and thermal-performance curves (TPC's) for 27 species from nine sites in the Brazilian Amazonia. We tested for phylogenetic signal and pairwise correlations among thermal traits. We found that species generally categorized as thermoregulators have the highest mean values for all thermal traits, and broader ranges for Tb, critical thermal maximum (CTmax) and optimal (Topt) temperatures. Species generally categorized as thermoconformers have large ranges for Tpref, critical thermal minimum (CTmin), and minimum voluntary (VTmin) temperatures for performance. Despite these differences, our results show that all thermal characteristics overlap between both groups and suggest that Amazonian lizards do not fit into discrete thermoregulatory categories. The traits are all correlated, with the exceptions of (1) Topt, which does not correlate with CTmax, and (2) CTmin, and correlates only with Topt. Weak phylogenetic signals for Tb, Tpref and VTmin indicate that these characters may be shaped by local environmental conditions and influenced by phylogeny. We found that open-habitat species perform well under present environmental conditions, without experiencing detectable thermal stress from high environmental temperatures induced in lab experiments. For forest-dwelling lizards, we expect warming trends in Amazonia to induce thermal stress, as temperatures surpass the thermal tolerances for these species.
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Ortiz M, Boretto J, Piantoni C, Álvarez B, Ibargüengoytía N. Reproductive biology of the Amazon Lava Lizard (Tropidurus torquatus) from the Wet Chaco of Corrientes (Argentina): congeneric comparisons of ecotypic and interspecific variations. CAN J ZOOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2014-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe the reproductive biology of a population of the Amazon Lava Lizard (Tropidurus torquatus (Wied-Neuwied, 1820)) from Corrientes, northeastern Argentina (Wet Chaco). We describe the male and female reproductive cycles, minimum body size for adults, reproductive output, mean relative clutch mass, fat body cycles, and sexual dimorphism. Our results were compared with data on the reproductive biology of Brazilian populations of T. torquatus and congeneric species. In Corrientes, males of T. torquatus exhibited a continuous reproductive cycle, but with annual variation of testicular parameters associated with spermatogenic activity. In contrast, females were reproductive only from winter to summer (July–February), laying at least two clutches each of six eggs, on average, per reproductive season. The relative clutch mass and egg size values in Corrientes were the highest reported for the species. The annual cycle of energy storage (as fat bodies) was inversely correlated with reproductive activity in both sexes. Males differed from females in snout–vent length, head size, interlimb length, and tail length. We observed interpopulational differences in relative clutch mass, egg volume and mass, incubation period and hatching time, and the minimum body size for sexual maturity probably as a result of phenotypic plasticity or adaptation to local environmental conditions and likely both.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.A. Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Herpetología, Facultad de Ciencias Exacta y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Avenida Libertad 5460, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - J.M. Boretto
- INIBIOMA (CONICET – Universidad Nacional del Comahue), San Carlos de Bariloche, 8400, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - C. Piantoni
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biosciências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, TR 14, no. 321, Cidade Universitária, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - B.B. Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Herpetología, Facultad de Ciencias Exacta y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Avenida Libertad 5460, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - N.R. Ibargüengoytía
- INIBIOMA (CONICET – Universidad Nacional del Comahue), San Carlos de Bariloche, 8400, Río Negro, Argentina
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Ribeiro LB, Freire EMX. Trophic ecology and foraging behavior of Tropidurus hispidus and Tropidurus semitaeniatus (Squamata, Tropiduridae) in a caatinga area of northeastern Brazil. IHERINGIA. SERIE ZOOLOGIA 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0073-47212011000200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the seasonal variation in diet composition and foraging behavior of Tropidurus hispidus (Spix, 1825) and T. semitaeniatus (Spix, 1825), as well as measurement of the foraging intensity (number of moves, time spent stationary, distance traveled and number of attacks on prey items) in a caatinga patch on the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Hymenoptera/Formicidae and Isoptera predominated in the diet of both species during the dry season. Opportunistic predation on lepidopteran larvae, coleopteran larvae and adults, and orthopteran nymphs and adults occurred in the wet season; however, hymenopterans/Formicidae were the most important prey items. The number of food items was similar between lizard species in both seasons; however the overlap for number of prey was smaller in the wet season. Preys ingested by T. hispidus during the wet season were also larger than those consumed by T. semitaeniatus. Seasonal comparisons of foraging intensity between the two species differed, mainly in the wet season, when T. hispidus exhibited less movement and fewer attacks on prey, and more time spent stationary if compared to T. semitaeniatus. Although both lizards are sit-and-wait foragers, T. semitaeniatus is more active than T. hispidus. The diet and foraging behavior of T. hispidus and T. semitaeniatus overlap under limiting conditions during the dry season, and are segregative factors that may contribute to the coexistence of these species in the wet season.
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Galdino CAB, Sluys MV. Clutch size in the small-sized lizard Eurolophosaurus nanuzae (Tropiduridae): does it vary along the geographic distribution of the species? IHERINGIA. SERIE ZOOLOGIA 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0073-47212011000100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We studied life history traits of females of the lizard Eurolophosaurus nanuzae (Rodrigues, 1981), an endemic species of rock outcrop habitats in southeastern Brazil. During October 2002 and 2003 we sampled three populations in sites that encompass the meridional portion of the geographic range of the species. Clutch size varied from one to three eggs, with most females carrying two eggs. Clutch size did not vary among populations, but was correlated to female body size. Only larger females produced clutches of three eggs. Females of the small-sized E. nanuzae produce eggs as large as those of medium-sized tropidurids, thus investing a considerable amount of energy to produce clutches resulting in high values of relative clutch mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrado A. B Galdino
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Brandt R, Navas CA. Life-history evolution on tropidurinae lizards: influence of lineage, body size and climate. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20040. [PMID: 21603641 PMCID: PMC3094402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of life history variation is central to the evolutionary theory. In many ectothermic lineages, including lizards, life history traits are plastic and relate to several sources of variation including body size, which is both a factor and a life history trait likely to modulate reproductive parameters. Larger species within a lineage, for example tend to be more fecund and have larger clutch size, but clutch size may also be influenced by climate, independently of body size. Thus, the study of climatic effects on lizard fecundity is mandatory on the current scenario of global climatic change. We asked how body and clutch size have responded to climate through time in a group of tropical lizards, the Tropidurinae, and how these two variables relate to each other. We used both traditional and phylogenetic comparative methods. Body and clutch size are variable within Tropidurinae, and both traits are influenced by phylogenetic position. Across the lineage, species which evolved larger size produce more eggs and neither trait is influenced by temperature components. A climatic component of precipitation, however, relates to larger female body size, and therefore seems to exert an indirect relationship on clutch size. This effect of precipitation on body size is likely a correlate of primary production. A decrease in fecundity is expected for Tropidurinae species on continental landmasses, which are predicted to undergo a decrease in summer rainfall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Brandt
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Dutra GF, Siqueira CC, Vrcibradic D, Kiefer MC, Rocha CFD. Plant Consumption of Insular and Mainland Populations of a Tropical Lizard. HERPETOLOGICA 2011. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-09-00009.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Siqueira CDC, Kiefer MC, Sluys MV, Rocha CFD. Plant consumption in coastal populations of the lizard Tropidurus torquatus (Reptilia: Squamata: Tropiduridae): how do herbivory rates vary along their geographic range? J NAT HIST 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2010.520826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla da Costa Siqueira
- a Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia , Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
- b Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia
| | - Mara Cíntia Kiefer
- c Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Biologia , Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Monique Van Sluys
- a Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia , Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
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Fernandes Kolodiuk M, Barros Ribeiro L, Maria Xavier Freire E. Diet and Foraging Behavior of Two Species ofTropidurus(Squamata, Tropiduridae) in the Caatinga of Northeastern Brazil. SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.2994/057.005.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Doody J, Freedberg S, Keogh J. Communal Egg-laying In Reptiles And Amphibians: Evolutionary Patterns And Hypotheses. QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY 2009; 84:229-52. [DOI: 10.1086/605078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Behavioural ecology ofTropidurus hispiduson isolated rock outcrops in Amazonia. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467400009329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTA population of the tropical lizardTropidurus hispidus, isolated on a granitic rock outcrop in tropical forest of northern Brazil, was studied during the 1993 wet season. Four types of observational studies revealed that lizards are active throughout most of the day. During 10-minute intervals, individual lizards moved five times for an average of 240 cm and tongue-flicked once. Habitat temperatures vary considerably during the day, with rock and air temperatures in sun exceeding body temperatures of lizards during much of the activity period. During most of the day, lizards thermoregulate by moving among shady, filtered sun, and sunny microhabitats maintaining body temperatures near 35°C. Temperatures of lizards active during cloudy periods were significantly lower than temperatures of lizards during sunny periods, indicating that clouds decrease the ability of lizards to effectively thermoregulate. Most feeding occurs in the afternoon at edges of rock outcrops with ants, insect larvae, termites and beetles dominating the diet. Comparisons with a near-by savanna population revealed differences in body size (males only), activity period (longer on rocks), body temperatures (higher on rocks), number of prey categories consumed (lower on rocks), mean size of prey (larger on rocks), number of prey eaten (fewer on rocks) and microhabitat use (more restricted on rocks).
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Ferreira A, Silva DN, Van Sluys M, Dolder H. Seasonal changes in testicular and epididymal histology of the tropical lizard, Tropidurus itambere (Rodrigues, 1987), during its reproductive cycle. BRAZ J BIOL 2009; 69:429-35. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842009000200028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The reproductive cycles of lizards, including Tropidurus species, have been widely studied. However, few studies describe in detail the ultrastructure and the epithelial changes in the epididymis. Using histology and trasmission electron microscopy, we show the seasonal changes in the testis and epididymis of the lizard Tropidurus itambere, during its annual reproductive cycle. The reproductive cycle of T. itambere was analysed from June 1988 to June 1989 and from June 2001 to June 2002. While the frequency of reproductive males in the population varied throughout the year, there were reproductive males in most months except for February through April. During this nonreproductive period, there is a reduction in the mean seminiferous tubule volume and few sperm were found in both the testis and the epididymis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - DN. Silva
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Kiefer MC, Van Sluys M, Rocha CF. Clutch and egg size of the tropical lizard Tropidurus torquatus (Tropiduridae) along its geographic range in coastal eastern Brazil. CAN J ZOOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1139/z08-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The tropidurid lizard Tropidurus torquatus (Wied, 1820) has a set of populations inhabiting coastal sand dune habitats (“restinga”) along the eastern Brazilian coast. Despite its wide geographic range, there is no information about geographic variation in reproductive features among its populations. In the present study we compared some reproductive aspects of females in 10 coastal populations of T. torquatus, aiming to evaluate to what extension they vary geographically. The minimum size at maturity was relatively similar to most populations, but mean female body size had a considerable variation. Clutch size of almost all coastal populations of T. torquatus had little variation and was composed predominantly of two eggs. Interpopulational variation in the mean egg volume was relatively wide and strongly influenced by the variation in mean female body size. The data of the present study indicated that females of almost all coastal populations of T. torquatus produce, predominantly, clutches with two eggs and invest more energy in egg size instead of clutch size, probably as a consequence of morphological and environmental factors. The increased reproductive investment in egg size was confirmed by the values obtained for the relative clutch mass, which remained relatively constant along the coastal geographic distribution of T. torquatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Kiefer
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6109, 13081-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes (IBRAG), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Maracanã, 20550-019 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - M. Van Sluys
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6109, 13081-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes (IBRAG), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Maracanã, 20550-019 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - C. F.D. Rocha
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6109, 13081-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes (IBRAG), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Maracanã, 20550-019 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Ávila RW, Ferreira VL, Maidana C. Reproductive Biology and Feeding Habits of Stenocercus caducus (Iguanidae) in Semideciduous Forest in Central Brazil. J HERPETOL 2008. [DOI: 10.2994/1808-9798(2008)3[112:rbafho]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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22
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Rocha CFD, Siqueira CC. Feeding ecology of the lizard Tropidurus oreadicus Rodrigues 1987 (Tropiduridae) at Serra dos Carajás, Pará state, northern Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2008; 68:109-13. [PMID: 18470384 DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842008000100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2006] [Accepted: 12/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropidurus species commonly prey on arthropods, but they may also feed on vertebrates and plant material. The lizard Tropidurus oreadicus (Tropiduridae) is common in open vegetation habitats and generally has sexual dimorphism. In this study we analyzed the diet of T. oreadicus at Serra dos Carajás, Pará, in the north of Brazil. Snout-vent length (SVL) and jaw width (JW) were taken for 34 lizards. There was a significant difference in SVL and in JW, with males being larger than females. All lizards analyzed contained food in their stomachs. The diet of T. oreadicus at Serra dos Carajás was characterized by the consumption of a relative wide spectrum of food item categories (21 types of items), consisting of arthropods, part of one vertebrate and plant material, which characterizes the diet of a generalist predator. Volumetrically, the most important items in the diet of both sexes of T. oreadicus were flowers (M = 61.7%; F = 33%) and orthopterans (M = 1.7%; F = 3.5%). Ants were the most frequently consumed (100% for both sexes) and the most numerous (M = 94.5%; F = 89.4%) food item. Flowers also were frequently consumed (M = 91.7%; F = 54.5%), with their relative consumption differing significantly between sexes. There was not a significant sexual difference in prey volume, neither in number of preys per stomach, nor in type of prey ingested. There was no relationship between lizard jaw width and the mean volume of prey. The data showed that T. oreadicus is a relatively generalist lizard in terms of diet and that consumes large volumes of plant material, especially flowers of one species of genus Cassia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F D Rocha
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-013, Brazil
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Revell LJ, Johnson MA, Schulte JA, Kolbe JJ, Losos JB. A PHYLOGENETIC TEST FOR ADAPTIVE CONVERGENCE IN ROCK-DWELLING LIZARDS. Evolution 2007; 61:2898-912. [PMID: 17894806 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00225.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic similarity of species occupying similar habitats has long been taken as strong evidence of adaptation, but this approach implicitly assumes that similarity is evolutionarily derived. However, even derived similarities may not represent convergent adaptation if the similarities did not evolve as a result of the same selection pressures; an alternative possibility is that the similar features evolved for different reasons, but subsequently allowed the species to occupy the same habitat, in which case the convergent evolution of the same feature by species occupying similar habitats would be the result of exaptation. Many lizard lineages have evolved to occupy vertical rock surfaces, a habitat that places strong functional and ecological demands on lizards. We examined four clades in which species that use vertical rock surfaces exhibit long hindlimbs and flattened bodies. Morphological change on the phylogenetic branches leading to the rock-dwelling species in the four clades differed from change on other branches of the phylogeny; evolutionary transitions to rock-dwelling generally were associated with increases in limb length and decreases in head depth. Examination of particular characters revealed several different patterns of evolutionary change. Rock-dwelling lizards exhibited similarities in head depth as a result of both adaptation and exaptation. Moreover, even though rock-dwelling species generally had longer limbs than their close relatives, clade-level differences in limb length led to an overall lack of difference between rock- and non-rock-dwelling lizards. These results indicate that evolutionary change in the same direction in independent lineages does not necessarily produce convergence, and that the existence of similar advantageous structures among species independently occupying the same environment may not indicate adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam J Revell
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Mesquita DO, Colli GR, Vitt LJ. Ecological release in lizard assemblages of neotropical savannas. Oecologia 2007; 153:185-95. [PMID: 17437128 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-007-0725-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2005] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We compare lizard assemblages of Cerrado and Amazonian savannas to test the ecological release hypothesis, which predicts that niche dimensions and abundance should be greater in species inhabiting isolated habitat patches with low species richness (Amazonian savannas and isolated Cerrado patches) when compared with nonisolated areas in central Cerrado with greater species richness. We calculated microhabitat and diet niche breadths with data from 14 isolated Cerrado patches and Amazon savanna areas and six central Cerrado populations. Morphological data were compared using average Euclidean distances, and lizard abundance was estimated using the number of lizards captured in pitfall traps over an extended time period. We found no evidence of ecological release with respect to microhabitat use, suggesting that historical factors are better microhabitat predictors than ecological factors. However, data from individual stomachs indicate that ecological release occurs in these areas for one species (Tropidurus) but not others (Ameiva ameiva, Anolis, Cnemidophorus, and Micrablepharus), suggesting that evolutionary lineages respond differently to environmental pressures, with tropidurids being more affected by ecological factors than polychrotids, teiids, and gymnophthalmids. We found no evidence that ecological release occurs in these areas using morphological data. Based on abundance data, our results indicate that the ecological release (density compensation) hypothesis is not supported: lizard species are not more abundant in isolated areas than in nonisolated areas. The ecology of species is highly conservative, varying little from assemblage to assemblage. Nevertheless, increases in niche breadth for some species indicate that ecological release occurs as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Oliveira Mesquita
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Meira KTR, Faria RG, Silva MDDM, Miranda VTD, Zahn-Silva W. História natural de Tropidurus oreadicus em uma área de cerrado rupestre do Brasil Central. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s1676-06032007000200018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aspectos ecológicos e da biologia reprodutiva de Tropidurus oreadicus foram investigados em uma área de cerrado rupestre do Brasil Central. Foram estudados a morfometria, o uso do microhábitat, o padrão de atividade, a dieta e características da biologia reprodutiva de T. oreadicus em Cocalzinho - GO, de abril a setembro/2003. São animais sexualmente dimórficos, com os machos adultos maiores que as fêmeas. O microhábitat preferencial utilizado pela espécie foi a superfície das rochas (hábito saxícola). A espécie mostrou padrão de atividade unimodal. Foram frequentemente observados parados e expostos ao sol entre 9:00 e 10:59 horas. A alimentação desta população de T. oreadicus é baseada em formigas, larvas de inseto e besouros. Além disso, apresentaram mudanças ontogenéticas e diferenças intersexuais na dieta. Provavelmente essas diferenças estejam associadas à alocação diferenciada dos recursos para o crescimento ou produção dos gametas. A reprodução é provavelmente sazonal ocorrendo principalmente nos meses de maior pluviosidade.
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Mesquita DO, Costa GC, Colli GR. ECOLOGY OF AN AMAZONIAN SAVANNA LIZARD ASSEMBLAGE IN MONTE ALEGRE, PARÁ STATE, BRAZIL. J HERPETOL 2006. [DOI: 10.2994/1808-9798(2006)1[61:eoaasl]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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METZGER KEITHA, HERREL ANTHONY. Correlations between lizard cranial shape and diet: a quantitative, phylogenetically informed analysis. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00546.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kiefer MC, Sluys MV, Rocha CF. Body temperatures of Tropidurus torquatus (Squamata, Tropiduridae) from coastal populations: Do body temperatures vary along their geographic range? J Therm Biol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2005.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Diet, Activity, and Microhabitat Use of Two Syntopic Tropidurus Species (Lacertilia: Tropiduridae) in Minas Gerais, Brazil. J HERPETOL 2004. [DOI: 10.1670/218-03n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Faria RG, Araujo AFB. Sintopy of two Tropidurus lizard species (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in a rocky Cerrado habitat in Central Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2004; 64:775-86. [PMID: 15744418 DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842004000500007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the ecology of Tropidurus itambere and T. oreadicus that occur syntopically in rocky habitats of Cerrado vegetation in central Brazil during the dry season (April to September 2000). The two species are ecologically similar, but somewhat differentiated in vertical microhabitat use. The two species preferred rocky surface microhabitat. Both species demonstrated a unimodal activity pattern, with a peak between 10 and 15 h. Their diets were similar in composition and prey size. The most frequent item used by both species was ants, whereas the most important preys volumetrically were termites and ants. Small morphological differences observed between the two Tropidurus species could explain minor microhabitat divergence: T. itambere is slightly smaller, heavier, and more robust, and uses lower perches. T. oreadicus is larger, lankier, with longer extremities (tail, fore- and hindlegs), and uses a larger vertical microhabitat range. These ecological differences are slight, when compared with those observed between sympatric species of Tropidurus in spatially more heterogeneous landscapes. Considering the slight ecomorphological divergence between the two Tropidurus species and their high abundance in outcrops, we suggest that interspecific territoriality is the mechanism of coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Faria
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, CEP 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Reproduction and Fat Body Cycle of Eurolophosaurus nanuzae (Sauria; Tropiduridae) from a Seasonal Montane Habitat of Southeastern Brazil. J HERPETOL 2003. [DOI: 10.1670/114-02a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Gainsbury AM, Colli GR. Lizard Assemblages from Natural Cerrado Enclaves in Southwestern Amazonia: The Role of Stochastic Extinctions and Isolation1. Biotropica 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2003.tb00607.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dias SC, Brescovit AD. Notes on the behavior of Pachistopelma rufonigrum Pocock (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1590/s0101-81752003000100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Gainsbury AM, Colli GR. Lizard Assemblages from Natural Cerrado Enclaves in Southwestern Amazonia: The Role of Stochastic Extinctions and Isolation1. Biotropica 2003. [DOI: 10.1646/03078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Reproductive Ecology of Tropidurus torquatus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in the Highly Seasonal Cerrado Biome of Central Brazil. J HERPETOL 2002. [DOI: 10.1670/0022-1511(2002)036[0082:reotts]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hatano FH, Vrcibradic D, Galdino CA, Cunha-Barros M, Rocha CF, Van Sluys M. Thermal ecology and activity patterns of the lizard community of the Restinga of Jurubatiba, Macaé, RJ. BRAZ J BIOL 2001; 61:287-94. [PMID: 11514896 DOI: 10.1590/s0034-71082001000200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the thermal ecology and activity patterns of the lizard community from the Restinga of Jurubatiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The broadest activity was that of Tropidurus torquatus, a sit-and-wait forager, while the active foraging teiid Cnemidophorus littoralis had the shortest activity. The nocturnal gekkonid Hemidactylus mabouia was found active during the day only during early morning and late afternoon, when environmental temperatures are low. Body temperature was highest for Cnemidophorus littoralis and lowest for the two Mabuya species. The patterns found here are discussed and compared to those of congeneric species in other habitats in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Hatano
- Setor de Ecologia, Ibrag, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Korner P, Whiting MJ, Willem J, Ferguson H. Interspecific aggression in flat lizards suggests poor species recognition. AFR J HERPETOL 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/21564574.2000.9635440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Vitt LJ, Zani PA, Avila-Pires TCS. Ecology of the arboreal tropidurid lizard Tropidurus (=Plica) umbra in the Amazon region. CAN J ZOOL 1997. [DOI: 10.1139/z97-817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The tropidurid lizard Tropidurus umbra lives on medium-sized trees in lowland tropical forest of the Amazon region. Individuals may be active on tree trunks in sun or shade, with most activity occurring from 11:00 to 13:00. Body temperatures average 29.1 °C. The diet consists nearly exclusively of ants and there is no relationship between prey size and lizard size. Females reach sexual maturity at 79 mm snout–vent length (SVL) and males at 78 mm SVL. Although there appears to be no sexual dimorphism in SVL, males have relatively larger heads than females. Clutch size is usually two eggs and females appear to produce more than one clutch per season. Comparisons with other studied tropidurid lizards suggest that dietary specialization on ants, reduced sexual dimorphism, and reduced clutch size are derived characters.
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Vitt LJ, Caldwell JP, Zani PA, Titus TA. The role of habitat shift in the evolution of lizard morphology: evidence from tropical Tropidurus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:3828-32. [PMID: 9108063 PMCID: PMC20526 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.8.3828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared morphology of two geographically close populations of the tropical lizard Tropidurus hispidus to test the hypothesis that habitat structure influences the evolution of morphology and ecology at the population level. T. hispidus isolated on a rock outcrop surrounded by tropical forest use rock crevices for refuge and appear dorsoventrally compressed compared with those in open savanna. A principal components analysis revealed that the populations were differentially distributed along an axis representing primarily three components of shape: body width, body height, and hind-leg length. Morphological divergence was supported by a principal components analysis of size-free morphological variables. Mitochondrial DNA sequences of ATPase 6 indicate that these populations are closely related relative to other T. hispidus, the rock outcrop morphology and ecology are derived within T. hispidus, and morphological and ecological divergence has occurred more rapidly than genetic divergence. This suggests that natural selection can rapidly adjust morphology and ecology in response to a recent history of exposure to habitats differing in structure, a result heretofore implied from comparative studies among lizard species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Vitt
- Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and Zoology Department, University of Oklahoma, Norman 73019, USA
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Vitt LJ, Zani PA. Organization of a taxonomically diverse lizard assemblage in Amazonian Ecuador. CAN J ZOOL 1996. [DOI: 10.1139/z96-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Of 22 lizard species studied in eastern Ecuador, 21 were diurnal. Ten were active foragers and 12 were sit-and-wait foragers. Considerable variation existed in habitat and microhabitat distribution and body temperatures among species. Body size varied over an order of magnitude (20–270 mm snout–vent length). Most morphological (size-free) variation among species (77%) was accounted for by two principal component axes and appears tied to phylogeny. Prey size was correlated with lizard size and species were separated by prey size. Low overlaps in microhabitat, habitat, and prey type also separated species. Pseudocommunity analysis indicated structure in the consumer–resource matrix. In some comparisons, prey overlaps among species were greater within than between higher taxa, and closely related species tended to be found in similar habitat patches and microhabitats, suggesting that resource-use patterns are determined to some extent by phylogeny. Ecology, morphology, and phylogeny appear tied together in a complex manner, with resource partitioning contributing to maintenance of structure. Historical interactions among closely related species may have been important in determining which species within particular clades invaded and persisted within local assemblages in lowland forest.
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Griffiths AD, Christian KA. Diet and habitat use of frillneck lizards in a seasonal tropical environment. Oecologia 1996; 106:39-48. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00334405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/1995] [Accepted: 10/17/1995] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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