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Yu R, Chi Y, Zheng J, Fuchs R, Lv P, Nor-Azman NA, Johnston L, Mao Y, Gao S, Tang J, Rahim MA, Peng S, Kaner R, Mao G, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Tang J. Dynamic Electric Discharge Paths in Liquid Metal Marble Arrays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2408933. [PMID: 39177144 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202408933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Electric discharge occurs ubiquitously in both natural and engineered systems, where the discharge paths provide critical information. However, control and visualization of discharge patterns is a challenging task. Here arrays of liquid metal marbles, droplets of a gallium-indium eutectic alloy with a copper-doped ZnS luminescent coating, are designed for pixelated visualization of electric discharge paths at optical imaging length-scales. The ZnS particles embed themselves into the surface of liquid metal droplets and are anchored by a self-limiting gallium oxide layer. The operation is achieved by generating spark discharges at inter-marble air gaps and reduced voltage drop across highly conducting liquid metal droplets. By taking advantage of the malleability of soft liquid metal marbles, the dynamic visualization platforms allow the manipulation of discharge path selections in configurable marble arrays and the embedding of artificial defect features. The systems are further integrated for characterizing dynamic changes in granular and soft systems, and for enabling logic computing and information encoded display. This demonstration holds promises for creating new-generation electric discharge-based optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohan Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Yuan Chi
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jiewei Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Richard Fuchs
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Peifeng Lv
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Nur-Adania Nor-Azman
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia
| | - Lucy Johnston
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Yuanzhu Mao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Shanshi Gao
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Junma Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Md Arifur Rahim
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Shuhua Peng
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Richard Kaner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095-1569, USA
| | - Guangzhao Mao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia
| | - Jianbo Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Engineering and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
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Aliouat A, Antou G, Rat V, Pradeilles N, Geffroy PM, Maître A. Investigation of Electrical Transitions in the First Steps of Spark Plasma Sintering: Effects of Pre-Oxidation and Mechanical Loading within Copper Granular Media. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124096. [PMID: 35744156 PMCID: PMC9227404 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) has become a conventional and promising sintering method for powder consolidation. This study aims to well understand the mechanisms of densification encountered during SPS treatments, especially in the early stages of sintering. The direct current (DC) electrical behavior of copper granular medium is characterized. Their properties are correlated with their microstructural evolutions through post-mortem scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations to allow a thorough understanding of the involved Branly effect that is suspected to occur in SPS. The electrical response is studied by modifying the initial thickness of the oxide layer on particles surfaces and applying various mechanical loads on the granular medium. Without load and at low current, the measured quasi-reversible behavior is connected to the formation of spots at the microcontacts between the particles. By increasing the current, the Branly transition from an insulating to a conductive state suddenly occurs. The insulating oxide layer is destroyed, and micro-bridges are created. The application of a mechanical pressure strongly modifies the DC Branly effect. Increasing low stress leads to a strong decrease in the breakdown field. For high-applied pressure, successive drops in the electric field are detected during the electrical transition. These successive drops are induced by microcracking of the insulating oxide layer.
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Minnai C, Bellacicca A, Brown SA, Milani P. Facile fabrication of complex networks of memristive devices. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7955. [PMID: 28801572 PMCID: PMC5554187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the memristive properties of cluster-assembled gold films. We show that resistive switching is observed in pure metallic nanostructured films at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, in response to applied voltage inputs. In particular, we observe resistance changes up to 400% and archetypal switching events that have remarkable symmetry with the applied voltage. We associated this symmetry with 'potentiation' and 'anti-potentiation' processes involving the activation of synapses and of pathways comprising multiple synapses. The stability and reproducibility of the resistance switching, which lasted over many hours, make these devices ideal test-beds for exploration of the basic mechanisms of the switching processes, and allow convenient fabrication of devices that may have neuromorphic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Minnai
- CIMAINA and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Bellacicca
- CIMAINA and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Simon A Brown
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
| | - Paolo Milani
- CIMAINA and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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Creyssels M, Laroche C, Falcon E, Castaing B. Pressure dependence of the electrical transport in granular materials. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2017; 40:56. [PMID: 28484938 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2017-11543-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on systematic measurements of the electrical resistance of one- and three-dimensional (1D and 3D) metallic and oxidized granular materials under uni-axial compression. Whatever the dimension of the packing, the resistance follows a power law versus the pressure ([Formula: see text]), with an exponent [Formula: see text] much larger than the ones expected either with elastic or plastic contact between the grains. A simple model based on a statistical description of the micro-contacts between two grains is proposed. It shows that the strong dependence of the resistance on the pressure applied to the granular media is a consequence of large variabilities and heterogeneities present at the contact surface between two grains. Then, the effect of the three-dimensional structure of the packing is investigated using a renormalization process. This allows to reconcile two extreme approaches of a 3D lattice of widely distributed resistances: the effective medium and the percolation theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Creyssels
- Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides et Acoustique, Ecole centrale de Lyon, CNRS, Univ. de Lyon, 69134, Ecully, France.
| | - C Laroche
- Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, MSC, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France
| | - E Falcon
- Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, MSC, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France
| | - B Castaing
- Laboratoire des Ecoulements Géophysiques et Industriels, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38058, Grenoble, France
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Mersch E, Lumay G, Boschini F, Vandewalle N. Effect of an electric field on an intermittent granular flow. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2010; 81:041309. [PMID: 20481719 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.81.041309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Granular gravity driven flows of glass beads have been observed in a silo with a flat bottom. A dc high electric field has been applied perpendicularly to the silo to tune the cohesion. The outlet mass flow has been measured. An image subtraction technique has been applied to visualize the flow geometry and a spatiotemporal analysis of the flow dynamics has been performed. The outlet mass flow is independent of voltage, but a transition from funnel flow to rathole flow is observed. This transition is of probabilistic nature and an intermediate situation exists between the funnel and the rathole situations. At a given voltage, two kinds of flow dynamics can occur: a continuous flow or an intermittent flow. The electric field increases the probability to observe an intermittent flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mersch
- GRASP, Institut de Physique B5, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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