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Galand Q, Van Vaerenbergh S, Köhler W, Khlybov O, Lyubimova T, Mialdun A, Ryzhkov I, Shevtsova V, Triller T. Results of the DCMIX1 experiment on measurement of Soret coefficients in ternary mixtures of hydrocarbons under microgravity conditions on the ISS. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:134502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5100595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Galand
- MRC, Université libre de Bruxelles, Department of Chemical Physics, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, CP165/32, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stéfan Van Vaerenbergh
- MRC, Université libre de Bruxelles, Department of Chemical Physics, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, CP165/32, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Werner Köhler
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Oleg Khlybov
- Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Koroleva, 1, 614013 Perm, Russia
| | - Tatyana Lyubimova
- Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Koroleva, 1, 614013 Perm, Russia
| | - Aliaksandr Mialdun
- MRC, Université libre de Bruxelles, Department of Chemical Physics, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, CP165/32, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilya Ryzhkov
- Institute of Computational Modelling SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodny 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Valentina Shevtsova
- MRC, Université libre de Bruxelles, Department of Chemical Physics, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, CP165/32, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Triller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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2
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García-Fernández L, Fruton P, Bataller H, Ortiz de Zárate JM, Croccolo F. Coupled non-equilibrium fluctuations in a polymeric ternary mixture. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2019; 42:124. [PMID: 31511999 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2019-11889-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigate by dynamic shadowgraphy the non-equilibrium fluctuations at the steady state of a thermodiffusion experiment in a polymeric ternary mixture of polystyrene-toluene-n-hexane. The structure function of the refractive index reveals the existence of quite different decay times, thus requiring the analysis of a wide range of correlation times. This is related to the simultaneous presence of three distinct decay modes corresponding to (from fastest to slowest) the relaxation of temperature fluctuations, of the concentration fluctuations of the mixed solvent, and of the concentration fluctuations of the polymer in the binary solvent. An investigation of the decay times at the corresponding diffusive regimes provides a measurement of the thermal diffusivity and the two eigenvalues of the mass diffusion matrix of the ternary mixture. Similar experiments were performed in the past but here, to suppress the confinement effect and obtain a more direct comparison with the theory, a thicker sample is studied. Moreover, also a faster camera is used allowing the experimental observation of faster modes, like the propagative ones. The experimental values of the decay times are eventually compared with those predicted by different available theories. Finally, we present a more complete theoretical model to describe the non-equilibrium fluctuations in the bulk of a ternary mixture at the steady state of a thermodiffusion experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L García-Fernández
- Laboratoire des Fluides Complexes et leurs Réservoirs - IPRA, UMR5150, E2S-Univ Pau & Pays Adour/CNRS/Total, 1 Allée du Parc Montaury, 64600, Anglet, France.
- Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES), 2, Place Maurice Quentin, 75001, Paris, France.
| | - P Fruton
- Laboratoire des Fluides Complexes et leurs Réservoirs - IPRA, UMR5150, E2S-Univ Pau & Pays Adour/CNRS/Total, 1 Allée du Parc Montaury, 64600, Anglet, France
| | - H Bataller
- Laboratoire des Fluides Complexes et leurs Réservoirs - IPRA, UMR5150, E2S-Univ Pau & Pays Adour/CNRS/Total, 1 Allée du Parc Montaury, 64600, Anglet, France
| | - J M Ortiz de Zárate
- Departamento de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de las Ciencias 1, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Croccolo
- Laboratoire des Fluides Complexes et leurs Réservoirs - IPRA, UMR5150, E2S-Univ Pau & Pays Adour/CNRS/Total, 1 Allée du Parc Montaury, 64600, Anglet, France
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3
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Triller T, Sommermann D, Schraml M, Sommer F, Lapeira E, Bou-Ali MM, Köhler W. The Soret effect in ternary mixtures of water+ethanol+triethylene glycol of equal mass fractions: Ground and microgravity experiments. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2019; 42:27. [PMID: 30835000 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2019-11789-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of the Soret and thermodiffusion coefficients of a symmetric ternary mixture with equal mass fractions of water, ethanol, and triethylene glycol have been performed by two-color optical beam deflection (2-OBD) and the thermogravitational column technique (TGC) in the laboratory and under microgravity conditions in the Selectable Optical Diagnostics Instrument (SODI) aboard the International Space Station. The results from all three experimental techniques agree within the experimental error bars, which result mainly from the inversion of the contrast factor matrices. TGC shows by far the lowest, 2-OBD the highest error amplification. The microgravity measurements are in between. The agreement with the microgravity results shows that thermosolutal convection could be well controlled in the 2-OBD experiments by a proper orientation of the temperature gradient. Despite the different condition numbers, the results are invariant under the choice of the independent compositions. Based on the orientation of the confidence ellipsoid in the ternary composition diagram, not all coefficients are equally affected by experimental errors. Although there are appreciable uncertainties for water and ethanol, the Soret and the thermodiffusion coefficients of triethylene glycol could be obtained with a good accuracy due to the favorable orientation of the confidence ellipsoid. We have found that water behaves thermophobic, corresponding to a positive Soret coefficient, whereas both ethanol and triethylene glycol are thermophilic with negative Soret coefficients. This resembles the behaviour of the binary system ethanol/water above the ethanol concentration of the sign change.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Triller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - D Sommermann
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - M Schraml
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - F Sommer
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - E Lapeira
- Mechanical and Manufacturing Department, MGEP Mondragon Goi Eskola Politeknikoa, Loramendi 4 Apdo. 23, 20500, Mondragon, Spain
| | - M M Bou-Ali
- Mechanical and Manufacturing Department, MGEP Mondragon Goi Eskola Politeknikoa, Loramendi 4 Apdo. 23, 20500, Mondragon, Spain
| | - W Köhler
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
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4
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Antoun S, Saghir MZ, Srinivasan S. Composition effect on thermophobicity of ternary mixtures: An enhanced molecular dynamics method. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:034502. [PMID: 30037253 DOI: 10.1063/1.5031004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermodiffusion or the Ludwig-Soret effect is known as the cross effect between the temperature gradient and induced separation of mixture species in multicomponent mixtures. The performance of the boundary driven non-equilibrium molecular dynamics enhanced heat exchange (eHEX) algorithm was validated by evaluating the sign and magnitude of the thermodiffusion process in methane/n-butane/n-dodecane (nC1-nC4-nC12) ternary mixtures. The eHEX algorithm consists of an extended version of the HEX algorithm with an improved energy conservation property. In addition to this, the transferable potentials for phase equilibria-united atom augmented force field was employed in all molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to accurately represent molecular interactions in the fluid. Our newly employed MD algorithm was capable to appropriately reflect the thermophobicity concept and the coupled effect of relative density and mole fraction of the mixture species on the thermodiffusion process. The separation ratio of the ternary mixture for five different compositions (at 333.15 K and 35 MPa) showed good agreement with experimental data and better accuracy in predicting the sign change of the intermediate component (nC4) as its concentration in the mixture increases, when compared to other MD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Antoun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, Ontario M5B2K3, Canada
| | - M Ziad Saghir
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, Ontario M5B2K3, Canada
| | - S Srinivasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, Ontario M5B2K3, Canada
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Matsuura H, Nagasaka Y. Soret forced Rayleigh scattering instrument for simultaneous detection of two-wavelength signals to measure Soret coefficient and thermodiffusion coefficient in ternary mixtures. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:024903. [PMID: 29495814 DOI: 10.1063/1.5013292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe an instrument for the measurement of the Soret and thermodiffusion coefficients in ternary systems based on the transient holographic grating technique, which is called Soret forced Rayleigh scattering (SFRS) or thermal diffusion forced Rayleigh scattering (TDFRS). We integrated the SFRS technique and the two-wavelength detection technique, which enabled us to obtain two different signals to determine the two independent Soret coefficients and thermodiffusion coefficients in ternary systems. The instrument has been designed to read the mass transport simultaneously by two-wavelength lasers with wavelengths of λ = 403 nm and λ = 639 nm. The irradiation time of the probing lasers is controlled to reduce the effect of laser absorption to the sample with dye (quinizarin), which is added to convert the interference pattern of the heating laser of λ = 532 nm to the temperature grating. The result of the measurement of binary benchmark mixtures composed of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (THN), isobutylbenzene (IBB), and n-dodecane (nC12) shows that the simultaneous two-wavelength observation of the Soret effect and the mass diffusion are adequately performed. To evaluate performance in the measurement of ternary systems, we carried out experiments on the ternary benchmark mixtures of THN/IBB/nC12 with the mass fractions of 0.800/0.100/0.100 at a temperature of 298.2 K. The Soret coefficient and thermodiffusion coefficient agreed with the ternary benchmark values within the range of the standard uncertainties (23% for the Soret coefficient of THN and 30% for the thermodiffusion coefficient of THN).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Matsuura
- School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, 223-8522 Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y Nagasaka
- Department of System Design Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, 223-8522 Yokohama, Japan
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Hafskjold B. Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of the transient Ludwig-Soret effect in a binary Lennard-Jones/spline mixture. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2017; 40:4. [PMID: 28091930 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2017-11492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A binary isotope mixture of Lennard-Jones/spline particles at equilibrium was perturbed by a sudden change in the system's boundary temperatures. The system's response was determined by non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD). Three transient processes were studied: 1) The propagation of a pressure (shock) wave, 2) heat diffusivity and conduction, and 3) thermal diffusion (the Ludwig-Soret effect). These three processes occur at different time scales, which makes it possible to separate them in one single NEMD run. The system was studied in liquid, supercritical, and dense gas states with various forms and strengths of the thermal perturbation. The results show that heat was initially transported by two separate mechanisms: 1) heat diffusion as described by the transient heat equation and 2) as a consequence of a pressure wave. The pressure wave travelled faster than the speed of sound, generating a shock wave in the system. Local equilibrium was found in the transient phase, even with very strong perturbations and in the shock front. Although the mass separation due to the Ludwig-Soret effect developed much slower than the pressure and temperature fields in the system at large, it was found that the Soret coefficient could be accurately determined from the initial phase of the transient and close to the heat source. This opens the possibility of a new way to analyse results from transient experiments and thereby minimize effects of gravity and convection due to buoyancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Hafskjold
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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Sechenyh V, Legros J, Mialdun A, Ortiz de Zárate JM, Shevtsova V. Fickian Diffusion in Ternary Mixtures Composed by 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene, Isobutylbenzene, and n-Dodecane. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:535-48. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b11143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Sechenyh
- Laboratoire
de Physique, École Normale Supérieure, 46 Allé d’Italie, 69364 Lyon France
| | - J.C. Legros
- Microgravity
Research Center, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP-165/62, Av. F.D. Roosevelt, 50, B−1050 Brussels, Belgium
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue, 30, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A. Mialdun
- Microgravity
Research Center, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP-165/62, Av. F.D. Roosevelt, 50, B−1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J. M. Ortiz de Zárate
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Avda. de Séneca, 2 Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - V. Shevtsova
- Microgravity
Research Center, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP-165/62, Av. F.D. Roosevelt, 50, B−1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Larrañaga M, Bou-Ali MM, Lizarraga I, Madariaga JA, Santamaría C. Soret coefficients of the ternary mixture 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene + isobutylbenzene + n-dodecane. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:024202. [PMID: 26178098 DOI: 10.1063/1.4926654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the transport coefficients of the ternary mixtures of the diffusion coefficient measurements in ternary mixtures 1 project were determined. The analyzed ternary mixtures are formed by 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, isobutylbenzene, and dodecane (nC12) at different compositions. In all cases, the analysis was carried out at 25 °C. The thermodiffusion coefficients were measured by a new thermogravitational column, and the molecular diffusion coefficients were determined by the sliding symmetric tubes technique. Finally, the Soret coefficients were ascertained from the measurements of the thermodiffusion and molecular diffusion coefficients. In addition, two new quantitative correlations which enable the prediction of the thermodiffusion and Soret coefficients of a ternary mixture are presented. The comparison between the experimental and the predicted data shows a good agreement. The presented results help to complete the lack of experimental data in ternary mixtures. In addition, this work improves the fundamental understanding of multicomponent mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren Larrañaga
- MGEP Mondragon Goi Eskola Politeknikoa, Mechanical and Industrial Manufacturing Department, Loramendi 4 Apdo. 23, 20500 Mondragon, Spain
| | - M Mounir Bou-Ali
- MGEP Mondragon Goi Eskola Politeknikoa, Mechanical and Industrial Manufacturing Department, Loramendi 4 Apdo. 23, 20500 Mondragon, Spain
| | - Ion Lizarraga
- MGEP Mondragon Goi Eskola Politeknikoa, Mechanical and Industrial Manufacturing Department, Loramendi 4 Apdo. 23, 20500 Mondragon, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Madariaga
- Department of Applied Physics II, University of Basque Country, Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Carlos Santamaría
- Department of Applied Physics II, University of Basque Country, Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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Gebhardt M, Köhler W. Soret, thermodiffusion, and mean diffusion coefficients of the ternary mixture n-dodecane+isobutylbenzene+1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:164511. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4934718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Gebhardt
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - W. Köhler
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Croccolo F, Bataller H. Editorial: Thermal non-equilibrium phenomena in multi-component fluids. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2015; 38:31. [PMID: 25916236 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2015-15031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Croccolo
- Laboratoire des Fluides Complexes et leurs Réservoirs, UMR 5150, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64600, Anglet, France
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