1
|
Tang Z, Luan K, Xu B, Liu H. Unidirectional transport of both wettable and nonwettable liquids on an asymmetrically concave structured surface. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 4:557-562. [PMID: 38933204 PMCID: PMC11197573 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unidirectional liquid transport (UDLT) has been widely used in various fields as an important process for transferring both mass and energy. However, UDLT driven by a structural gradient has been witnessed for a long time only in wettable liquids. For nonwettable liquids, UDLT can hardly proceed merely by a structural gradient. Herein, we propose an asymmetrically concave structured surface (AMC-surface), featuring tip-to-base periodically arranged pyramid-shaped concave structures with a certain degree of overlap, which enables the UDLT of both wettable and nonwettable liquids. For wettable liquids, the capillary force along each corner leads to the UDLT pointing toward the base side of the concave pyramid, while for nonwettable liquids, the UDLT is attributable to the static liquid pressure overwhelming the repulsive Laplace pressure induced by the asymmetric grooves and overlapping part. As a result, both wettable and nonwettable liquids transport spontaneously and unidirectionally on the AMC-surface with no energy input. Moreover, the concave structure endows good mechanical stability and can be easily prepared using a facile nail-punching approach over a large area. We also demonstrated its application in a continuous chemical reaction in a confined area. We envision that the unique UDLT behavior on the as-developed AMC-surface will shed new light on the programmable manipulation of various liquids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxue Tang
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kang Luan
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bojie Xu
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu Y, Shan F, Zeng J, Liu S, Xing Z, Fu W, Luo Y. Simulation examining the factors influencing capillary wick transport in a refrigerant direct cooling system for power battery packs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20043. [PMID: 37973982 PMCID: PMC10654395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of power battery refrigerant direct cooling systems of electric vehicles incorporating capillary wicks is directly determined by these wicks' transport performance. The Fries-Dreyer equation describes wicking behavior, but there is a significant gap between its predictions and the experimental results as reported in the literature. This work examines the factors influencing transport performance in an unconsolidated capillary wick with spherical particles. A mathematical and physical model is developed, the latter using the COMSOL software platform. Both the developed mathematical form and the numerically simulated results of this model are closer to the experimental results than those obtained using the Fries-Dreyer equation. The simulation results enable optimizing the equilibrium height and capillary time numbers providing a fitted Fries-Dreyer equation that is then used to analyze the influence of saturation, inclination angle, wick particle diameter, and tortuosity on the liquid rise mass and velocity and the equilibrium height, and the effects are in close but not perfect accord with experimental data. To narrow the gap, the Fries-Dreyer equation is further optimized using the numerically simulated results, substantially improving the accord with the experimental results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Conveyance and Equipment, East China Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Nanchang, 330013, China
- School of New Science and Engineering, Xinyu University, Xinyu, 338004, China
- Jiangxi Jiangling Group New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd, Nanchang, 330013, China
- Key Innovation Center of AI Industry and Higher Education Integration of Jiangxi Province, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Fengwu Shan
- College of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai, 20092, China
- Jiangxi Jiangling Group New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Jianbang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Conveyance and Equipment, East China Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Nanchang, 330013, China.
- Jiangxi Jiangling Group New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Shaohuan Liu
- School of New Science and Engineering, Xinyu University, Xinyu, 338004, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xing
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Wenxiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Conveyance and Equipment, East China Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Nanchang, 330013, China
- Jiangxi Jiangling Group New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd, Nanchang, 330013, China
- Key Innovation Center of AI Industry and Higher Education Integration of Jiangxi Province, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Yufeng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Conveyance and Equipment, East China Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Nanchang, 330013, China.
- Key Innovation Center of AI Industry and Higher Education Integration of Jiangxi Province, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sinha Mahapatra P, Ganguly R, Ghosh A, Chatterjee S, Lowrey S, Sommers AD, Megaridis CM. Patterning Wettability for Open-Surface Fluidic Manipulation: Fundamentals and Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16752-16801. [PMID: 36195098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Effective manipulation of liquids on open surfaces without external energy input is indispensable for the advancement of point-of-care diagnostic devices. Open-surface microfluidics has the potential to benefit health care, especially in the developing world. This review highlights the prospects for harnessing capillary forces on surface-microfluidic platforms, chiefly by inducing smooth gradients or sharp steps of wettability on substrates, to elicit passive liquid transport and higher-order fluidic manipulations without off-the-chip energy sources. A broad spectrum of the recent progress in the emerging field of passive surface microfluidics is highlighted, and its promise for developing facile, low-cost, easy-to-operate microfluidic devices is discussed in light of recent applications, not only in the domain of biomedical microfluidics but also in the general areas of energy and water conservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Sinha Mahapatra
- Micro Nano Bio-Fluidics group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai600036, India
| | - Ranjan Ganguly
- Department of Power Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata700098, India
| | - Aritra Ghosh
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60607, United States
| | - Souvick Chatterjee
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60607, United States
| | - Sam Lowrey
- Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin9016, New Zealand
| | - Andrew D Sommers
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio45056, United States
| | - Constantine M Megaridis
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60607, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The economy of chromosomal distances in bacterial gene regulation. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2021; 7:49. [PMID: 34911953 PMCID: PMC8674286 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-021-00209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In the transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) of a bacterium, the nodes are genes and a directed edge represents the action of a transcription factor (TF), encoded by the source gene, on the target gene. It is a condensed representation of a large number of biological observations and facts. Nonrandom features of the network are structural evidence of requirements for a reliable systemic function. For the bacterium Escherichia coli we here investigate the (Euclidean) distances covered by the edges in the TRN when its nodes are embedded in the real space of the circular chromosome. Our work is motivated by 'wiring economy' research in Computational Neuroscience and starts from two contradictory hypotheses: (1) TFs are predominantly employed for long-distance regulation, while local regulation is exerted by chromosomal structure, locally coordinated by the action of structural proteins. Hence long distances should often occur. (2) A large distance between the regulator gene and its target requires a higher expression level of the regulator gene due to longer reaching times and ensuing increased degradation (proteolysis) of the TF and hence will be evolutionarily reduced. Our analysis supports the latter hypothesis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Abramian A, Lagrée PY, Staron L. How cohesion controls the roughness of a granular deposit. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:10723-10729. [PMID: 34787143 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01148k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cohesive granular materials often form clusters of grains, which alter their flowing properties. How these clusters form and evolve is difficult to visualize in the bulk of the material, and thus to model. Here, we use a proxy to investigate the formation of such clusters, which is the rough surface of a cohesive granular deposit. We characterize this roughness and show how it is related to the cohesion between beads. Specifically, the size of this roughness increases with the inter-particle cohesion, and the profile exhibits a self-affine behaviour, as observed for crack paths in the domain of fractography. In addition to providing a simple method to measure the inter-particle cohesion from macroscopic parameters, these results give better comprehension of the formation of clusters in cohesive granular materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Abramian
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Pierre-Yves Lagrée
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Lydie Staron
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert, F-75005 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Li Y, Liu X, Huang Q, Ohta AT, Arai T. Bubbles in microfluidics: an all-purpose tool for micromanipulation. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1016-1035. [PMID: 33538756 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01173h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the integration of microfluidic devices and multiple actuation technologies at the microscale has greatly contributed to the progress of related fields. In particular, microbubbles are playing an increasingly important role in microfluidics because of their unique characteristics that lead to specific responses to different energy sources and gas-liquid interactions. Many effective and functional bubble-based micromanipulation strategies have been developed and improved, enabling various non-invasive, selective, and precise operations at the microscale. This review begins with a brief introduction of the morphological characteristics and formation of microbubbles. The theoretical foundations and working mechanisms of typical micromanipulations based on acoustic, thermodynamic, and chemical microbubbles in fluids are described. We critically review the extensive applications and the frontline advances of bubbles in microfluidics, including microflow patterns, position and orientation control, biomedical applications, and development of bubble-based microrobots. We lastly present an outlook to provide directions for the design and application of microbubble-based micromanipulation tools and attract the attention of relevant researchers to the enormous potential of microbubbles in microfluidics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex System, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Qiang Y, Turner KT, Lee D. Polymer-infiltrated nanoplatelet films with nacre-like structure via flow coating and capillary rise infiltration (CaRI). NANOSCALE 2021; 13:5545-5556. [PMID: 33688884 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08691f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alignment of highly anisotropic nanomaterials in a polymer matrix can yield nanocomposites with unique mechanical and transport properties. Conventional methods of nanocomposite film fabrication are not well-suited for manufacturing composites with very high concentrations of anisotropic nanomaterials, potentially limiting the widespread implementation of these useful structures. In this work, we present a scalable approach to fabricate polymer-infiltrated nanoplatelet films (PINFs) based on flow coating and capillary rise infiltration (CaRI) and study the processing-structure-property relationship of these PINFs. We show that films with high aspect ratio (AR) gibbsite (Al (OH)3) nanoplatelets (NPTs) aligned parallel to the substrate can be prepared using a flow coating process. NPTs are highly aligned with a Herman's order parameter of 0.96 and a high packing fraction >80 vol%. Such packings show significantly higher fracture toughness compared to low AR nanoparticle (NP) packings. By depositing NPTs on a polymer film and subsequently annealing the bilayer above the glass transition temperature of the polymer, polymer infiltrates into the tortuous NPT packings though capillarity. We observe larger enhancement in the modulus, hardness and scratch resistance of NPT films upon polymer infiltration compared to NP packings. The excellent mechanical properties of such films benefit from both thermally promoted oxide bridge formation between NPTs as well as polymer infiltration increasing the strength of NPT contacts. Our approach is widely applicable to highly anisotropic nanomaterials and allows the generation of mechanically robust polymer nanocomposite films for a diverse set of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Qiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
| | - Kevin T Turner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. and Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nepomnyashchy A. Droplet on a liquid substrate: Wetting, dewetting, dynamics, instabilities. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2020.101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
10
|
Hu Z, Fang W, Li Q, Feng XQ, Lv JA. Optocapillarity-driven assembly and reconfiguration of liquid crystal polymer actuators. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5780. [PMID: 33188193 PMCID: PMC7666155 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Realizing programmable assembly and reconfiguration of small objects holds promise for technologically-significant applications in such fields as micromechanical systems, biomedical devices, and metamaterials. Although capillary forces have been successfully explored to assemble objects with specific shapes into ordered structures on the liquid surface, reconfiguring these assembled structures on demand remains a challenge. Here we report a strategy, bioinspired by Anurida maritima, to actively reconfigure assembled structures with well-defined selectivity, directionality, robustness, and restorability. This approach, taking advantage of optocapillarity induced by photodeformation of floating liquid crystal polymer actuators, not only achieves programmable and reconfigurable two-dimensional assembly, but also uniquely enables the formation of three-dimensional structures with tunable architectures and topologies across multiple fluid interfaces. This work demonstrates a versatile approach to tailor capillary interaction by optics, as well as a straightforward bottom-up fabrication platform for a wide range of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Hu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Fang
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, and State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qunyang Li
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, and State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xi-Qiao Feng
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, and State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Jiu-An Lv
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China. .,Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Spiral thermal surface waves arising from self-propulsion of the camphor-driven objects are reported. Spiral thermal waves were registered for dissolution and evaporation-guided self-propulsion. Soluto-capillarity is accompanied by thermo-capillarity under self-propulsion of camphor boats. The jump in the surface tension due to the soluto-capillarity is much larger than that due to the thermo-capillarity. The spiral patterns inherent for the surface thermal waves are imposed by the self-rotational motion of camphor grains. The observed thermal effect is related to the adsorption of camphor molecules at the water/vapor interface. The observed spirals are shaped as Archimedean ones.
Collapse
|
12
|
Shu J, Lu Y, Wang E, Li X, Tang SY, Zhao S, Zhou X, Sun L, Li W, Zhang S. Particle-Based Porous Materials for the Rapid and Spontaneous Diffusion of Liquid Metals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:11163-11170. [PMID: 32037788 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gallium-based room-temperature liquid metals have enormous potential for realizing various applications in electronic devices, heat flow management, and soft actuators. Filling narrow spaces with a liquid metal is of great importance in rapid prototyping and circuit printing. However, it is relatively difficult to stretch or spread liquid metals into desired patterns because of their large surface tension. Here, we propose a method to fabricate a particle-based porous material which can enable the rapid and spontaneous diffusion of liquid metals within the material under a capillary force. Remarkably, such a method can allow liquid metal to diffuse along complex structures and even overcome the effect of gravity despite their large densities. We further demonstrate that the developed method can be utilized for prototyping complex three-dimensional (3D) structures via direct casting and connecting individual parts or by 3D printing. As such, we believe that the presented technique holds great promise for the development of additive manufacturing, rapid prototyping, and soft electronics using liquid metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yangming Lu
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou215000, China
| | - Erlong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Xiangpeng Li
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou215000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Shi-Yang Tang
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia
| | - Sizepeng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Xiangbo Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Lining Sun
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou215000, China
| | - Weihua Li
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gendelman O, Frenkel M, Binks BP, Bormashenko E. Cherenkov-Like Surface Thermal Waves Emerging from Self-Propulsion of a Liquid Marble. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:695-699. [PMID: 31931572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b11100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We explore the thermal field related to the self-propulsion of floating liquid marbles filled with aqueous ethanol. Cherenkov-like thermal waves arising from self-propulsion are registered. The opening angle of the thermal field Cherenkov triangle is governed by the inter-relation between the velocity of self-propulsion and the phase velocity of the capillary waves. The self-propulsion is driven by soluto-capillarity accompanied by thermo-capillarity. A semiquantitative analysis of the effect is presented. The empirical selection rule for capillary waves responsible for the mass, momentum, and heat transfer is outlined. The soluto-capillarity leads to much stronger spatial variations of the surface tension than the thermo-capillarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Gendelman
- Technion, Israel Institute of Technology , Faculty of Mechanical Engineering , Haifa , 3200003 , Israel
| | - Mark Frenkel
- Ariel University , Engineering Faculty, Chemical Engineering Department , P.O.B. 3, 407000 , Ariel , Israel
| | - Bernard P Binks
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Hull , Hull HU67RX , U.K
| | - Edward Bormashenko
- Ariel University , Engineering Faculty, Chemical Engineering Department , P.O.B. 3, 407000 , Ariel , Israel
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ho I, Pucci G, Harris DM. Direct Measurement of Capillary Attraction between Floating Disks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:254502. [PMID: 31922794 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.254502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two bodies resting at a fluid interface may interact laterally due to the surface deformations they induce. Here we use an applied magnetic force to perform direct measurements of the capillary attraction force between centimetric disks floating at an air-water interface. We compare our measurements to numerical simulations that take into account the disk's vertical displacement and spontaneous tilt, showing that both effects are necessary to describe the attraction force for short distances. We characterize the dependence of the attraction force on the disk mass, diameter, and relative spacing, and develop a scaling law that captures the observed dependence of the capillary force on the experimental parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Ho
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Giuseppe Pucci
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes)-UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Daniel M Harris
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Frenkel M, Vilk A, Legchenkova I, Shoval S, Bormashenko E. Mini-Generator of Electrical Power Exploiting the Marangoni Flow Inspired Self-Propulsion. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:15265-15268. [PMID: 31552373 PMCID: PMC6751999 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The mini-generator of electrical energy exploiting Marangoni soluto-capillary flows is reported. The interfacial flows are created by molecules of camphor emitted by the "camphor engines" placed on floating polymer rotors bearing permanent magnets. Camphor molecules adsorbed by the water/vapor interface decrease its surface tension and create the stresses resulting in the rotation of the system. The alternative magnetic flux in turn creates the current in the stationary coil. The long-lasting nature of rotation (approximately 10-20 h) should be emphasized. The brake-specific fuel consumption of the reported generator is better than that reported for the best reported electrical generators. Various engineering implementations of the mini-generator are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Frenkel
- Engineering
Faculty, Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials
Department and Engineering Faculty, Industrial Engineering and Management Department, Ariel University, P. O. B. 3, 407000 Ariel, Israel
| | - Alla Vilk
- Engineering
Faculty, Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials
Department and Engineering Faculty, Industrial Engineering and Management Department, Ariel University, P. O. B. 3, 407000 Ariel, Israel
| | - Irina Legchenkova
- Engineering
Faculty, Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials
Department and Engineering Faculty, Industrial Engineering and Management Department, Ariel University, P. O. B. 3, 407000 Ariel, Israel
| | - Shraga Shoval
- Engineering
Faculty, Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials
Department and Engineering Faculty, Industrial Engineering and Management Department, Ariel University, P. O. B. 3, 407000 Ariel, Israel
| | - Edward Bormashenko
- Engineering
Faculty, Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials
Department and Engineering Faculty, Industrial Engineering and Management Department, Ariel University, P. O. B. 3, 407000 Ariel, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vinay TV, Varanakkottu SN. Separation of Floating Oil Drops Based on Drop-Liquid Substrate Interfacial Tension. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:10596-10600. [PMID: 31318559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Though various strategies exist for the transport of oil drops suspended on a liquid substrate, selective manipulation of different kinds of drops based on their respective characteristics remains a challenge. In practice, it is possible to have multiple drops having different wetting states with the liquid substrate, whose separation is desired. In this work, we exploit curvature-induced capillary forces for the selective manipulation (transport as well as separation) of oil droplets based on their interfacial tension (IFT) with the underlying liquid substrate. To demonstrate this, we have selected two oils having different IFTs with the aqueous liquid substrate and tuned their curvature-induced capillary interaction (inward or outward from the source) by controlled addition of the surfactant. We experimentally realize three droplet manipulation regimes: repulsion, attraction, and separation regime. In the repulsion and attraction regimes, both the drops behave in a similar manner. Strikingly, in the separation regime, drops can be effectively separated based on their IFT; low IFT droplets are attracted toward the source, while high IFT droplets do the reverse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thamarasseril Vijayan Vinay
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Physics , National Institute of Technology Calicut , Kozhikode , 673601 , India
| | - Subramanyan Namboodiri Varanakkottu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Physics , National Institute of Technology Calicut , Kozhikode , 673601 , India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dai Q, Ji Y, Huang W, Wang X. On the Thermocapillary Migration on Radially Microgrooved Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:9169-9176. [PMID: 31267755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thermocapillary migration describes the phenomenon in which a droplet placed on a nonuniformly heated surface can migrate from warm to cold regions. Herein, we report an experimental investigation of the migration of silicone oil droplets on radially microgrooved surfaces subjected to a thermal gradient; the effects of the initial divergence angle and divergent direction on the migration behavior are highlighted. A theoretical model is established to predict the migration velocity considering the thermocapillary, viscous resistance, and radial structure-induced forces; furthermore, the proposed theoretical derivation is validated. This study advances the understanding of this interfacial phenomenon, which has great potential for regulating and controlling liquid motion in lubrication systems, condensation and heat-transfer devices, and open microfluidics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Helicopter Transmission , Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics , Nanjing 210016 , China
| | - Yajuan Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Helicopter Transmission , Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics , Nanjing 210016 , China
| | - Wei Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Helicopter Transmission , Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics , Nanjing 210016 , China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Helicopter Transmission , Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics , Nanjing 210016 , China
| |
Collapse
|