1
|
Ratchamak R, Authaida S, Koedkanmark T, Boonkum W, Semaming Y, Chankitisakul V. Supplementation of Freezing Medium with Ginseng Improves Rooster Sperm Quality and Fertility Relative to Free Radicals and Antioxidant Enzymes. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2660. [PMID: 37627452 PMCID: PMC10451814 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to determine the effect of ginseng as an antioxidant supplement in freezing extenders on the quality of cryopreserved rooster semen. Semen samples were collected from 40 Thai native roosters (Pradu Hang Dum) using the dorso-abdominal massage method and then pooled and divided into five groups according to the concentrations of ginseng supplementation (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1 mg/mL) in a freezing extender. The semen suspensions were loaded into a medium straw and cryopreserved using the liquid nitrogen vapor method. The post-thaw semen was evaluated for sperm quality (sperm motility and membrane integrity), seminal plasma characteristics (lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], and glutathione peroxidase [GPx]), and fertility. The results showed that ginseng extract supplementation at 0.25 mg/mL yielded the highest total motility, progressive motility, and membrane integrity (59.47%, 30.82%, and 48.30%, respectively; p < 0.05) in cryopreserved rooster semen. Higher malondialdehyde concentrations were observed in the control group than in the other groups (p < 0.05). SOD, CAT, and GPx increased compared with those in the control group (p < 0.05). The results showed that the fertility rate with 0.25 mg/mL of ginseng was higher than that of the control group (62.80% vs. 46.28%: p < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation with 0.25 mg/mL of ginseng is recommended as an alternative component to the freezing extender to improve rooster semen cryopreservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruthaiporn Ratchamak
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (R.R.); (S.A.); (T.K.); (W.B.)
- The Research and Development Network Center of Animal Breeding and Omics, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Supakorn Authaida
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (R.R.); (S.A.); (T.K.); (W.B.)
| | - Thirawat Koedkanmark
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (R.R.); (S.A.); (T.K.); (W.B.)
| | - Wuttigrai Boonkum
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (R.R.); (S.A.); (T.K.); (W.B.)
- The Research and Development Network Center of Animal Breeding and Omics, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Yoswaris Semaming
- Program in Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Technology, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani 41000, Thailand;
| | - Vibuntita Chankitisakul
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (R.R.); (S.A.); (T.K.); (W.B.)
- The Research and Development Network Center of Animal Breeding and Omics, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tian M, Li LN, Zheng RR, Yang L, Wang ZT. Advances on hormone-like activity of Panax ginseng and ginsenosides. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 18:526-535. [PMID: 32616193 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been paid much attentions due to the prevention and treatment of steroid hormone disorders. Ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (Araliaceae), is one of the most valuable herbs in complementary and alternative medicines around the world. A series of dammarane triterpenoid saponins, also known as phytosteroids, were reported as the primary ingredients of Ginseng, and indicated broad spectral pharmacological actions, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation and anti-fatigue. The skeletons of the dammarane triterpenoid aglycone are structurally similar to the steroid hormones. Both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that Ginseng and its active ingredients have beneficial hormone-like role in hormonal disorders. This review thus summarizes the structural similarities between hormones and dammarane ginsenosides and integrates the analogous effect of Ginseng and ginsenosides on prevention and treatment of hormonal disorders published in recent twenty years (1998-2018). The review may provide convenience for anticipate structure-function relationship between saponins structure and hormone-like effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Tian
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lin-Nan Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rui-Rong Zheng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zheng-Tao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ginseng for an eye: effects of ginseng on ocular diseases. J Ginseng Res 2020; 44:1-7. [PMID: 32095091 PMCID: PMC7033367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The sense of vision is the primary means by which we gather information from our surroundings, and vision loss, therefore, severely compromises the life of the affected individuals, their families, and society. Loss of vision becomes more frequent with age, and diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, and glaucoma are the major causes of vision impairment. To find active pharmacological compounds that might prevent or ameliorate the vision-threatening eye diseases, numerous studies have been performed, and some botanical compounds, including those extracted from ginseng, have been shown to possess beneficial effects in the treatment or prevention of common ocular diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent reports investigating the therapeutic effects of ginseng and ginsenosides on diverse ocular diseases and discuss their therapeutic potential.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ginsenoside Rg1 and the control of inflammation implications for the therapy of type 2 diabetes: A review of scientific findings and call for further research. Pharmacol Res 2020; 152:104630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
5
|
Yu L, Wei F, Liang J, Ren G, Liu X, Wang CZ, Yuan J, Zeng J, Luo Y, Bi Y, Yuan CS. Target Molecular-Based Neuroactivity Screening and Analysis of Panax ginseng by Affinity Ultrafiltration, UPLC-QTOF-MS and Molecular Docking. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:1345-1363. [PMID: 31495181 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Panax ginseng exerts good neuroprotective activity at the cell and animal level, but the specific bioactive compounds and action mechanism are needed to be investigated, verified, and confirmed. In this work, affinity ultrafiltration (AUF), UPLC-QTOF-MS, and molecular docking were integrated into one strategy to screen, identify, and evaluate the bioactive compounds in ginseng at the molecular level. Three biological macromolecules (AChE, MAO-B, and NMDA receptor) were selected as the target protein for AUF-MS screening for the first time, and 16 potential neuroactive compounds were found with suitable binding degree. Then, the bioactivity of ginseng and its components were evaluated by AChE-inhibitory test and DPPH assay, and the data indicate that ginseng extract and the screened compounds have good neuroactivity. The interaction between the three targets and the screened compounds was further analyzed by molecular docking, and the results were consistent with a few discrepancies in comparison with the AUF results. Finally, according to the corresponding relation between component-target-pathway, the action mechanism of ginseng elucidated that ginseng exerts a therapeutic effect on AD through multiple relations of components, targets, and pathways, which is in good accordance with the TCM theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lide Yu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, P. R. China
| | - Feiting Wei
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, P. R. China
| | - Jian Liang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, P. R. China
| | - Gang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, P. R. China
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jinbin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, P. R. China
| | - Jinxiang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, P. R. China
| | - Yun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, P. R. China
| | - Yi Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Primary Mechanism Study of Panax notoginseng Flower (Herb) on Myocardial Infarction in Rats. Cardiol Res Pract 2019; 2019:8723076. [PMID: 31192006 PMCID: PMC6525894 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8723076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen is one of the most common herbs in China. Because of its good efficacy and little adverse reaction, Panax notoginseng has been used widely to treat cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Objective To investigate effects of Panax notoginseng flower (PN-F) on rats with myocardial infarction (MI). Methods The proximal left anterior descending coronary artery in rats was ligated to induce acute myocardial infarction. Then, animals were randomly assigned to four experimental groups: MI control group, Betaloc control group (with Betaloc 10 mg/kg/d), FD500 (low-dose) group (Panax notoginseng flower decoction 500 mg/kg, n=10), and FD1000 (high-dose) group (Panax notoginseng flower decoction 1000 mg/kg, n=10). Panax notoginseng flower decoction or Betaloc was orally administrated for two to four weeks before and after operation. Sham-operated group was used as a normal untreated group, in which animals were treated with double distilled water, once daily. HE (hematoxylin and eosin) staining, immunofluorescent assay, TUNEL assay, quantitative real-time PCR, and western blot analysis were, respectively, performed to observe morphology, count mean minimal vessels, investigate apoptotic cells, and record gene (HIF-1, VEGFA, and KDR) and protein (Bcl-2 and Bax) expressions. Results Two weeks after MI, PN-F significantly enhanced capillary density in the border area of MI, decreased infarct size, improved minimal vessels, suppressed cell apoptosis, and enhanced expressions of genes (HIF-1, VEGFA, and KDR) and proteins (Bcl-2 and Bax). Conclusions PN-F demonstrated a potential herb to treat rats with myocardial infarction through promoting angiogenesis and inhibition of apoptosis in the infarct area.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ginsenosides: the need to move forward from bench to clinical trials. J Ginseng Res 2018; 43:361-367. [PMID: 31308807 PMCID: PMC6606839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Panax ginseng, known as Koran ginseng, one of the most commonly used traditional plants, has been demonstrated to show a wide range of pharmacological applications. Ginsenosides are the major active ingredients found in ginseng and are responsible for the biological and pharmacological activities, such as antioxidation, antiinflammation, vasorelaxation, and anticancer actions. Existing studies have mostly focused on identifying and purifying single ginsenosides and investigating pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms in cells and animal models. However, ginsenoside studies based on clinical trials have been very limited. Therefore, this review aimed to discuss the currently available clinical trials on ginsenosides and provide insights and future directions for developing ginsenosides as efficacious and safe drugs for human disease.
Collapse
|
8
|
The Therapeutic Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Poor Semen Quality in Infertile Males. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7090239. [PMID: 30149532 PMCID: PMC6162825 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7090239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor sperm quality is one of the main factors of male infertility. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been used frequently in clinical practice in many countries to treat a wide array of infertile problems. To further understand the effects of TCM on semen quality, we retrospectively enrolled patients with male infertility and poor semen quality at the Tainan Municipal Hospital in Taiwan between 2013 and 2016. Semen quality analysis in accordance with the WHO criteria is an essential step in the evaluation of male fertility status. Associations between the semen parameters and body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use, duration of infertility, and age were also analyzed. A total of 126 male infertility patients with abnormal semen analysis were included in this study: 50 TCM users and 13 TCM non-users. The basic characteristics of the two groups were not significantly different. TCM users account for 92.5% of the total semen improvement subjects. In conclusion, TCM supplementation may have a beneficial role as improving sperm quality for infertility patients.
Collapse
|
9
|
Jin Z, Zhang M, Yang A, Shi Y, Niu H, Wang Q, Yu C, Wei Z, Wang X. Protective Effect of Ginsenoside Rg1 Against Ethanol-Induced Male Infertility in Sprague-Dawley Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2018.513.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
10
|
The Therapeutic Effects of a Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Wuzi Yanzong Pill for the Treatment of Oligoasthenozoospermia: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:2968025. [PMID: 29576794 PMCID: PMC5822795 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2968025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oligoasthenozoospermia is a crucial factor in male infertility. Wuzi Yanzong (WZYZ) pill is a popular traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula which has been used for male infertility treatment for years. However, its effects on semen quality remain controversial. We conducted a preregistered meta-analysis to assess the effect of WZYZ pill for the therapeutic effects on oligoasthenozoospermia. Five randomized controlled trials including 960 participants were selected from databases of domains in North-East Asian regions, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. WZYZ pill group yielded a greater mean increment on sperm concentration (5 trials: MD 5.99, 95% CI 2.12–9.85, P = 0.002), sperm motility (5 trials: MD 4.57, 95% CI 0.47–8.68, P = 0.03), sperm morphology (2 trials: MD −1.93, 95% CI −4.87–1.01, P = 0.20), activity of acrosomal enzyme (2 trials: MD 28.27, 95% CI 12.41–44.14, P < 0.01), volume of semen (2 trials: MD 0.56, 95% CI 0.21–0.91, P = 0.002), and a decrement of sperm DNA fragmentation index (2 trials: MD −3.82, 95% CI −6.45–−1.19, P = 0.004). However, qualities of selected studies were generally unsatisfactory, and there was inherent heterogeneity among some of the outcomes. Despite these limitations, the WZYZ pill improved sperm quality by improving several semen parameters and decreasing DNA damage in oligoasthenozoospermia patients.
Collapse
|
11
|
Specific activity of Korean red ginseng saponin and non-saponin fractions in ageing-induced rat testicular dysfunction. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
|
12
|
Eskandari M, Jani S, Kazemi M, Zeighami H, Yazdinezhad A, Mazloomi S, Shokri S. Ameliorating Effect of Ginseng on Epididymo-Orchitis Inducing Alterations in Sperm Quality and Spermatogenic Cells Apoptosis following Infection by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Rats. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 18:446-57. [PMID: 27602327 PMCID: PMC5011333 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.4573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective Epididymo-orchitis (EO) potentially results in reduced fertility in up to 60%
of affected patients. The anti-inflammatory effects of Korean red ginseng (KRG) and its
ability to act as an immunoenhancer in parallel with the beneficial effects of this ancient
herbal medicine on the reproductive systems of animals and humans led us to evaluate its
protective effects against acute EO.
Materials and Methods This animal experimental study was conducted in the Department of Anatomical Sciences,
Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences
(ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran during 2013-2015. We divided 50 Wistar rats into five following
groups (n=10 per group): i. Control-intact animals, ii. Vehicle-phosphate buffered saline
(PBS) injection into the vas deferens, iii. KRG-an intraperitoneal (IP) injection of KRG, iv.
EO-an injection of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strain M39 into the vas defer-
ens, and v. EO/ KRG-injections of both UPEC strain M39 and KRG. The treatment lasted
seven days. We then evaluated sperm parameters, number of germ cell layers, Johnson’s
criteria, germ cell apoptosis, body weight and relative sex organs weight.
Results Acute EO increased the relative weight of prostate and seminal vesicles (P≤0.05).
It also reduced sperm quality such as total motility, sperm concentration (P≤0.01), and the
percentage of normal sperm (P≤0.001). Moreover, acute EO decreased Miller’s (P≤0.05)
and Johnsen’s scores and increased apoptotic indexes of spermatogenic cells (P≤0.001).
KRG treatment decreased prostate weight gain (P≤0.05) and improved the percentage of
sperm with normal morphology, total motility (P≤0.01), and progressive motility (P≤0.05).
The apoptotic indexes of spermatogenic cells reduced (P≤0.001), whereas both Johnsen’s (P≤0.01) and Miller’s criteria increased in the KRG-treated EO testis (P≤0.05).
Conclusion Consequently, KRG ameliorated the devastating effects of EO on the sperm
retrieved from either epididymis or testicle in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Eskandari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Soghra Jani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Kazemi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habib Zeighami
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Alireza Yazdinezhad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Sahar Mazloomi
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Saeed Shokri
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gray SL, Lackey BR, Boone WR. Effects of Panax ginseng, zearalenol, and estradiol on sperm function. J Ginseng Res 2015; 40:251-9. [PMID: 27616901 PMCID: PMC5005360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen signaling pathways are modulated by exogenous factors. Panax ginseng exerts multiple activities in biological systems and is classified as an adaptogen. Zearalenol is a potent mycoestrogen that may be present in herbs and crops arising from contamination or endophytic association. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of P. ginseng, zearalenol and estradiol in tests on spermatozoal function. METHODS The affinity of these compounds for estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha and beta (ERα and ERβ)-was assessed in receptor binding assays. Functional tests on boar spermatozoa motility, movement and kinematic parameters were conducted using a computer-assisted sperm analyzer. Tests for capacitation, acrosome reaction (AR), and chromatin decondensation in spermatozoa were performed using microscopic analysis. RESULTS Zearalenol-but not estradiol (E2)- or ginseng-treated spermatozoa-decreased the percentage of overall, progressive, and rapid motile cells. Zearalenol also decreased spontaneous AR and increased chromatin decondensation. Ginseng decreased chromatin decondensation in response to calcium ionophore and decreased AR in response to progesterone (P4) and ionophore. CONCLUSION Zearalenol has adverse effects on sperm motility and function by targeting multiple signaling cascades, including P4, E2, and calcium pathways. Ginseng protects against chromatin damage and thus may be beneficial to reproductive fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L Gray
- Endocrine Physiology Laboratory, Animal and Veterinary Science Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Brett R Lackey
- Endocrine Physiology Laboratory, Animal and Veterinary Science Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - William R Boone
- ART Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Greenville Health System University Medical Group, Greenville, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Effects of Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum Infection on the Metabolism of Ginsenosides in American Ginseng Roots. Molecules 2015; 20:10535-52. [PMID: 26060917 PMCID: PMC6272284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200610535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is a highly valuable herb widely used for medicinal treatments. Its pharmacologically important compounds are the ginsenosides, which are secondary metabolites in American ginseng root. The concentrations of ginsenoside in roots can be changed by fungal infection, but it is unclear what specific root tissues are impacted and whether the change is systemic. In this study, American ginseng roots were inoculated with two fungal pathogens (Fusarium solani or F. oxysporum) and the levels of six ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, and Rg1) were then measured in the phloem and xylem around the discolored lesions and adjacent healthy areas of the root. Results indicated that the growth of Fusarium spp. was strictly limited to phloem, and correspondingly the ginsenoside concentration was only altered in this infected phloem. The concentration of Rg1, Rd, and Rc significantly changed in phloem tissues where F. solani was inoculated, while only Rg1 and Rd changed significantly after F. oxysporum inoculation. However, no changes of any ginsenoside occurred in either xylem or phloem tissue adjacent to the inoculation point. In addition, when two Fusarium spp. were grown on ginsenoside-amended Czapek medium, the majority of ginsenosides were depleted. Therefore, pathogenic Fusarium spp. may reduce ginsenoside levels by consuming them.
Collapse
|
15
|
Park HJ, Choe S, Park NC. Effects of Korean red ginseng on semen parameters in male infertility patients: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical study. Chin J Integr Med 2015; 22:490-5. [PMID: 25967606 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Korean red ginseng (KRG) on semen parameters in male infertility patients in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. METHODS A total of 80 male infertility patients with varicocele were recruited from April 2011 to February 2012. The subjects were then divided into the following four groups: non-varicocelectomy (V)+placebo (P) group, V+P group, non-V+KRG group (1.5-g KRG daily), and V+KGR group (1.5-g KRG daily). Semen analysis was performed and hormonal levels were measured in each treatment arm after 12 weeks. RESULTS All groups but not the non-V+P group, showed significant improvements in sperm concentrations, motility, morphology, and viability at the end of the study. However, there were no significant differences in serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone among groups. The incidence of adverse events was low, and all events were assumed to be unrelated to the treatments administered. CONCLUSIONS Although the exact mechanism by which KRG improves spermatogenesis remains unclear, KRG may be a useful agent for the treatment of male infertility. Nevertheless, additional studies to evaluate the optimal dose and duration of treatment are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jun Park
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, 602-739, Republic of Korea.,Medical Research Institute of Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, 602-739, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Choe
- Medical Research Institute of Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, 602-739, Republic of Korea.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Trial Center, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, 602-739, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Cheol Park
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, 602-739, Republic of Korea. .,Medical Research Institute of Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, 602-739, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bardaweel SK. Alternative and antioxidant therapies used by a sample of infertile males in Jordan: a cross-sectional survey. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:244. [PMID: 25026980 PMCID: PMC4223394 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is frequently used in the Middle East, especially to treat chronic diseases such as infertility. We aimed to examine the prevalence, characteristics, and determinants of CAM use, particularly herbs and antioxidant therapies, among infertile males presenting for infertility evaluation in Jordan. Methods Demographic information, use of alternative and antioxidant therapies for infertility treatment, and patients’ belief in efficacy and safety of the therapies used were collected using a face-to-face questionnaire. Data were collected from 428 infertile male patients presenting at infertility clinics in Amman, the capital city of Jordan. The study was conducted between April 2013 and September 2013. Results Of the 428 men who completed the questionnaire, 184 (43%) used at least one of the alternative and antioxidant therapies specified in the questionnaire. Nutritional regime; vitamins, such as vitamins C and E; and medicinal herbs, such as ginger, saw palmetto, and ginseng were the most commonly used therapies reported. A correlation between the use of alternative and antioxidant therapies versus infertility duration was found. Additionally, the majority of males using CAM did not inform their health care providers about their usage. Conclusions The high prevalence of CAM use among infertile male patients underscores the urge to assimilate CAM into the education and training of health professionals, as well as to improve infertile patients’ knowledge of the safe use of CAM modalities.
Collapse
|
17
|
Leung KW, Wong AS. Ginseng and male reproductive function. SPERMATOGENESIS 2013; 3:e26391. [PMID: 24381805 PMCID: PMC3861174 DOI: 10.4161/spmg.26391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Ginseng is often referred to as the King of all herbs, and is found to be a promising agent to improve general well-being. Ginseng has also been reputed as an aphrodisiac, and is used to treat sexual dysfunction as well as to enhance sexual behavior in traditional Chinese medical practices. Data from animal studies have shown a positive correlation among ginseng, libido, and copulatory performances, and these effects have been confirmed in case-control studies in human. In addition, ginseng is found to improve the sperm quality and count of healthy individuals as well as patients with treatment-related infertility. These actions are mostly attributed to ginsenosides, the major pharmacological active components of ginseng. This review compiles the current knowledge about the multifaceted effects of ginseng on male reproductive function, and also focuses on its mechanisms of action that may represent novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of male reproductive diseases or disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kar Wah Leung
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Alice St Wong
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wanderley MI, Saraiva KLA, César Vieira JSB, Peixoto CA, Udrisar DP. Foetal exposure to Panax ginseng extract reverts the effects of prenatal dexamethasone in the synthesis of testosterone by Leydig cells of the adult rat. Int J Exp Pathol 2013; 94:230-40. [PMID: 23672767 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of maternal exposure to Panax ginseng extract (GE) on the prenatal dexamethasone (DEXA)-induced increase in testosterone production by isolated Leydig cells in adult rats. Pregnant rats were treated with (i) GE (200 mg/kg) or vehicle on days 10-21; (ii) DEXA (100 μg/kg) or vehicle on days 14-21; or (iii) a combination of GE plus DEXA at the same doses and with the same regimen. Testosterone production was induced either by the activator of protein kinase A (dbcAMP) or substrates of steroidogenesis [22(R)-hydroxycholesterol (22(R)-OH-C)] and pregnenolone. The capacity of rat Leydig cells exposed to DEXA to synthesize testosterone induced by dbcAMP, 22(R)-OH-C or pregnenolone was increased in comparison with the control group. Combined exposure to DEXA + GE prevented the effect of DEXA on the responsiveness of Leydig cells to all inductors of testosterone synthesis, whereas GE alone did not modify the response to inductors. No modifications in testosterone production were observed under basal conditions. StAR immunoexpression in Leydig cells was not modified by prenatal exposure to DEXA, GE or DEXA + GE. P450scc and glucocorticoid receptor immunoexpression was higher in offspring exposed to DEXA in comparison with the control group. This increased expression was prevented by combined treatment with DEXA + GE. The present findings demonstrate that GE is capable of reversing the effect of DEXA on testosterone synthesis by rat Leydig cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Wanderley
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim IH, Kim SK, Kim EH, Kim SW, Sohn SH, Lee SC, Choi S, Pyo S, Rhee DK. Korean Red Ginseng Up-regulates C21-Steroid Hormone Metabolism via Cyp11a1 Gene in Senescent Rat Testes. J Ginseng Res 2013; 35:272-82. [PMID: 23717070 PMCID: PMC3659540 DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2011.35.3.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) has been shown to have anti-aging effects in animal and clinical studies. However, the molecular mechanisms by which ginseng exerts these effects remain unknown. Here, the anti-aging effect of Korean red ginseng (KRG) in rat testes was examined by system biology analysis. KRG water extract prepared in feed pellets was administered orally into 12 month old rats for 4 months, and gene expression in testes was determined by microarray analysis. Microarray analysis identified 33 genes that significantly changed. Compared to the 2 month old young rats, 13 genes (Rps9, Cyp11a1, RT1-A2, LOC365778, Sv2b, RGD1565959, RGD1304748, etc.) were up-regulated and 20 genes (RT1-Db1, Cldn5, Svs5, Degs1, Vdac3, Hbb, LOC684355, Svs5, Tmem97, Orai1, Insl3, LOC497959, etc.) were down-regulated by KRG in the older rats. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of untreated aged rats versus aged rats treated with KRG showed that the affected most was Cyp11a1, responsible for C21-steroid hormone metabolism, and the top molecular and cellular functions are organ morphology and reproductive system development and function. When genes in young rat were compared with those in the aged rat, sperm capacitation related genes were down-regulated in the old rat. However, when genes in the old rat were compared with those in the old rat treated with KRG, KRG treatment up-regulated C21-steroid hormone metabolism. Taken together, Cyp11a1 expression is decreased in the aged rat, however, it is up-regulated by KRG suggesting that KRG seems enhance testes function via Cyp11a1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In-Hye Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Determination of ginsenoside Rc in rat plasma by LC–MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 919-920:75-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
21
|
Luo H, Sun C, Sun Y, Wu Q, Li Y, Song J, Niu Y, Cheng X, Xu H, Li C, Liu J, Steinmetz A, Chen S. Analysis of the transcriptome of Panax notoginseng root uncovers putative triterpene saponin-biosynthetic genes and genetic markers. BMC Genomics 2011; 12 Suppl 5:S5. [PMID: 22369100 PMCID: PMC3287501 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-s5-s5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Panax notoginseng (Burk) F.H. Chen is important medicinal plant of the Araliacease family. Triterpene saponins are the bioactive constituents in P. notoginseng. However, available genomic information regarding this plant is limited. Moreover, details of triterpene saponin biosynthesis in the Panax species are largely unknown. Results Using the 454 pyrosequencing technology, a one-quarter GS FLX titanium run resulted in 188,185 reads with an average length of 410 bases for P. notoginseng root. These reads were processed and assembled by 454 GS De Novo Assembler software into 30,852 unique sequences. A total of 70.2% of unique sequences were annotated by Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) similarity searches against public sequence databases. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) assignment discovered 41 unique sequences representing 11 genes involved in triterpene saponin backbone biosynthesis in the 454-EST dataset. In particular, the transcript encoding dammarenediol synthase (DS), which is the first committed enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of major triterpene saponins, is highly expressed in the root of four-year-old P. notoginseng. It is worth emphasizing that the candidate cytochrome P450 (Pn02132 and Pn00158) and UDP-glycosyltransferase (Pn00082) gene most likely to be involved in hydroxylation or glycosylation of aglycones for triterpene saponin biosynthesis were discovered from 174 cytochrome P450s and 242 glycosyltransferases by phylogenetic analysis, respectively. Putative transcription factors were detected in 906 unique sequences, including Myb, homeobox, WRKY, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), and other family proteins. Additionally, a total of 2,772 simple sequence repeat (SSR) were identified from 2,361 unique sequences, of which, di-nucleotide motifs were the most abundant motif. Conclusion This study is the first to present a large-scale EST dataset for P. notoginseng root acquired by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. The candidate genes involved in triterpene saponin biosynthesis, including the putative CYP450s and UGTs, were obtained in this study. Additionally, the identification of SSRs provided plenty of genetic makers for molecular breeding and genetics applications in this species. These data will provide information on gene discovery, transcriptional regulation and marker-assisted selection for P. notoginseng. The dataset establishes an important foundation for the study with the purpose of ensuring adequate drug resources for this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jang M, Min JW, In JG, Yang DC. Effects of red ginseng extract on the epididymal sperm motility of mice exposed to ethanol. Int J Toxicol 2011; 30:435-42. [PMID: 21772020 DOI: 10.1177/1091581811405074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The protective effects of red ginseng extract and ginseng wine against ethanol-induced male reproductive toxicity were evaluated in male mice using computer-assisted sperm analysis. Mice were divided into 4 groups of 10 and fed plain saline, 6 g/kg per d of ethanol in saline, red ginseng extract plus ethanol, or a fermented preparation of red ginseng extract daily for 5 weeks. We found that the average seminal vesicle weight was significantly lower in the ethanol-treated group compared to the control group, while those of the ginseng-treated groups tended to be higher than the ethanol-treated group. We found a significant decrease in sperm motility and progressiveness in mice treated with ethanol for 5 weeks, while administration of ethanol plus red ginseng extract appeared to minimize the negative effects of ethanol toxicity on male fertility. Serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were insignificantly lower in the ethanol-treated group than in the control group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jang
- Korea Ginseng Center for Most Valuable Products and Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong, Giheung-gu Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Choi RCY, Jiang Z, Xie HQ, Cheung AWH, Lau DTW, Fu Q, Dong TT, Chen J, Wang Z, Tsim KWK. Anti-oxidative effects of the biennial flower of Panax notoginseng against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in cultured PC12 cells. Chin Med 2010; 5:38. [PMID: 21029415 PMCID: PMC2978211 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-5-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radix notoginseng is used in Chinese medicine to improve blood circulation and clotting; however, the pharmacological activities of other parts of Panax notoginseng have yet to be explored. The present study reports the anti-oxidative effects of various parts of Panax notoginseng. Methods Various parts of Panax notoginseng, including the biennial flower, stem-leaf, root-rhizome, fiber root and sideslip, were used to prepare extracts and analyzed for their anti-oxidation effects, namely suppressing xanthine oxidase activity, H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and H2O2-induced ROS formation. Results Among various parts of the herb (biennial flower, stem-leaf, root-rhizome, fiber root and sideslip), the water extract of the biennial flower showed the strongest effects in (i) inhibiting the enzymatic activity of xanthine oxidase and (ii) protecting neuronal PC12 cells against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. Only the water extracts demonstrated such anti-oxidative effects while the ethanol extracts did not exert significant effects in suppressing xanthine oxidase and H2O2-induced neuronal cytotoxicity. Conclusions The present study demonstrates the biennial flower of Panax notoginseng to have neuroprotection effect on cultured neurons and the underlying protection mechanism may involve anti-oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roy Chi-Yan Choi
- Center for Chinese Medicine and Department of Biology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gao X, Dan M, Zhao A, Xie G, Jia W. Simultaneous determination of saponins in flower buds ofPanax notoginseng using high performance liquid chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 2008; 22:244-9. [PMID: 18004738 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The flower buds of Panax notoginseng have been commonly used for the treatment of hypertension, vertigo, tinnitus and acute faucitis in China. The amount of total saponins in the flower buds is higher than in any other parts of P. notoginseng. However, the compositions of flower buds have not been quantified clearly until now. A sensitive and efficient high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) method was developed for the first time to simultaneously quantify eight active saponins in the flower buds of P. notoginseng, including notoginsenoside R(1) and ginsenosides Rg(1), Re, Rb(1), Rb(2), Rb(3), Rd and F(2). The analysis was performed on a reversed-phase C(18) column with gradient elution of acetonitrile and 0.01% aqueous formic acid. The proposed method provided good linearity, reproducibility and sensitivity for the simultaneous quantification of the investigated saponins with overall intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy of better than 4.1% (RSD) and higher than 95% (accuracy), respectively. The recoveries for all the saponins determined were in the range 94.7-104.8% with RSD better than 3.1%. Using the optimized method, we were able to analyze samples from different villages of Wenshan Prefecture, China, which is helpful for quality control of flower buds of P. notoginseng.
Collapse
|
25
|
Effect of Some Vajikaran Herbs on Pendiculation Activities and In vitro Sperm Count in Male. SEXUALITY AND DISABILITY 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11195-007-9051-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
26
|
Ji M, Minami N, Yamada M, Imai H. Effect of protopanaxatriol saponin on spermatogenic stem cell survival in busulfan-treated male mice. Reprod Med Biol 2007; 6:99-108. [PMID: 29699269 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0578.2007.00172.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is a medicinal herb widely used in Asian countries. Many of its pharmacological actions are attributed to ginsenosides (saponin). However, the pharmacological effects or functions of ginsenosides on mammalian spermatogenesis are unclear. Methods: In the present study study, we investigated the therapeutic and prophylactic effects of protopanaxatriol saponin (PT) on testicular organ weight and morphology, testicular germ cells, proliferation, differentiation and spermatogenesis after induction of toxicity by a chemotherapeutic agent, busulfan, in male mice. Results: Intraperitoneally (IP) busulfan treatment markedly decreased the organ weight of testis, caput and cauda epididymis. After the treatment, the testes had collapsed seminiferous tubules with incomplete spermatogenesis. However, a single dose of busulfan treatment followed by PT injection showed milder damage on seminiferous tubules than busulfan alone. Conclusion: These results suggest that PT is effective in recovery of the male reproductive organ, and induced an increase in the number and viability of germ cells overcoming busulfan toxicity. PT might have applications in the recovery of male infertility arising from azoospermia and oligospermia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minyoung Ji
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
| | - Naojiro Minami
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
| | - Masayasu Yamada
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imai
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang H, Zhou Q, Li X, Zhao W, Wang Y, Liu H, Li N. Ginsenoside Re promotes human sperm capacitation through nitric oxide-dependent pathway. Mol Reprod Dev 2007; 74:497-501. [PMID: 17013883 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of sperm capacitation is important for successful fertilization. Ginsenosides, the biologically effective components of ginseng, have been found to enhance intracellular nitric oxide (NO) production and the latter has recently been indicated to play a significant role in modulation of sperm functions. We investigated the effect of Ginsenoside Re on human sperm capacitation in vitro and the mechanism by which the Ginsenosides play their roles. Spermatozoa were separated by Percoll and incubated with 0, 1, 10, or 100 microM of Ginsenoside Re. The percentages of spontaneous and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-induced acrosome reaction (AR), as a measure of sperm capacitation, were assayed with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Pisum sativum agglutinin (FITC-PSA). The intracellular cGMP level was measured by [(3)H] cGMP radioimmunoassay system. The results showed that the percentages of both spontaneous and LPC-induced AR and intracellular cGMP level were significantly enhanced by Ginsenoside Re with a concentration-dependent manner. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 100 nM), a NO donor, mimicked the effects of Ginsenoside Re. And pretreatment with a NOS inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 microM) or a NO scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine (LNAC, 1 mM) completely blocked the effects of Ginsenoside Re. Furthermore, the AR-inducing effect of Ginsenoside Re was significantly reduced in the presence of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor LY83583 or cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PCK) inhibitor KT5823, whereas addition of the cGMP analogue 8-Br-cGMP significantly increased the AR of human spermatozoa. Data suggested that Ginsenoside Re is beneficial to sperm capacitation and AR, and that the effect is accomplished through NO/cGMP/PKG pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
The pharmacological activity and constituents of the sanchi ginseng Panax notoginseng have been reviewed. The bulk of pharmacological findings have been based on the saponins or steryl glycosides, although polysaccharides with immunopotentiating activity, proteins with antifungal, ribonuclease and xylanase activity, and a triacylglycerol (trilinolein) with antioxidant activity have been reported. Protective actions against cerebral ischaemia, beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, and haemostatic, antioxidant, hypolipidaemic, hepatoprotective, renoprotective and estrogen-like activities have been described. Various methods for authentication of P. notoginseng are available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T B Ng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang H, Zhou QM, Li XD, Xie Y, Duan X, Min FL, Liu B, Yuan ZG. Ginsenoside R(e) increases fertile and asthenozoospermic infertile human sperm motility by induction of nitric oxide synthase. Arch Pharm Res 2006; 29:145-51. [PMID: 16526279 DOI: 10.1007/bf02974276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of Ginsenoside R(e) on human sperm motility in fertile and asthenozoospermic infertile individuals in vitro and the mechanism by which the Ginsenosides play their roles. The semen samples were obtained from 10 fertile volunteers and 10 asthenozoospermic infertile patients. Spermatozoa were separated by Percoll and incubated with 0, 1, 10 or 100 microM of Ginsenoside R(e). Total sperm motility and progressive motility were measured by computer-aided sperm analyzer (CASA). Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity was determined by the 3H-arginine to 3H-citrulline conversion assay, and the NOS protein was examined by the Western blot analysis. The production of sperm nitric oxide (NO) was detected using the Griess reaction. The results showed that Ginsenoside R(e) significantly enhanced both fertile and infertile sperm motility, NOS activity and NO production in a concentration-dependent manner. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 100 nM), a NO donor, mimicked the effects of Ginsenoside R(e). And pretreatment with a NOS inhibitor N(omega)-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 microM) or a NO scavenger N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (LNAC, 1 mM) completely blocked the effects of Ginsenoside R(e). Data suggested that Ginsenoside R(e) is beneficial to sperm motility, and that induction of NOS to increase NO production may be involved in this benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Modern Physics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dong TTX, Zhao KJ, Huang WZ, Leung KW, Tsim KWK. Orthogonal array design in optimizing the extraction efficiency of active constituents from roots of Panax notoginseng. Phytother Res 2006; 19:684-8. [PMID: 16177971 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The root of Panax notoginseng (Radix Notoginseng, Sanqi) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, which is mainly cultivated in Wenshan of Yunnan China. The identified active constituents in Radix Notoginseng include saponin, ssavonoid and polysaccharide; however, the levels of these active constituents vary greatly with different extraction processes. This variation causes a serious problem in standardizing the herbal extract. By using HPLC and spectrophotometry, the contents of notoginsenoside R(1), ginsenoside R(g1), R(b1), R(d), and ssavonoids were determined in the extracts of Radix Notoginseng that were derived from different processes of extraction according to an orthogonal array experimental design having three variable parameters: nature of extraction solvent, extraction volume and extraction time. The nature of extraction solvent and extraction volume were two distinct factors in obtaining those active constituents, while the time of extraction was a subordinate factor. The optimized condition of extraction therefore is considered to be 20 volumes of water and extracted for 24 h. In good agreement with the amount of active constituents, the activity of anti-platelet aggregation was found to be the highest in the extract that contained a better yield of the active constituents. The current results provide an optimized extraction method for the quality control of Radix Notoginseng.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T T X Dong
- Department of Biology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
|