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Xie X, Xue H, Ma B, Guo X, Xia Y, Yang Y, Xu K, Li T, Luo X. Comparative Analysis of Hydrosol Volatile Components of Citrus × Aurantium 'Daidai' and Citrus × Aurantium L. Dried Buds with Different Extraction Processes Using Headspace-Solid-Phase Microextraction with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2024; 29:3498. [PMID: 39124903 PMCID: PMC11314536 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This work used headspace solid-phase microextraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) to analyze the volatile components of hydrosols of Citrus × aurantium 'Daidai' and Citrus × aurantium L. dried buds (CAVAs and CADBs) by immersion and ultrasound-microwave synergistic-assisted steam distillation. The results show that a total of 106 volatiles were detected in hydrosols, mainly alcohols, alkenes, and esters, and the high content components of hydrosols were linalool, α-terpineol, and trans-geraniol. In terms of variety, the total and unique components of CAVA hydrosols were much higher than those of CADB hydrosols; the relative contents of 13 components of CAVA hydrosols were greater than those of CADB hydrosols, with geranyl acetate up to 15-fold; all hydrosols had a citrus, floral, and woody aroma. From the pretreatment, more volatile components were retained in the immersion; the relative contents of linalool and α-terpineol were increased by the ultrasound-microwave procedure; and the ultrasound-microwave procedure was favorable for the stimulation of the aroma of CAVA hydrosols, but it diminished the aroma of the CADB hydrosols. This study provides theoretical support for in-depth exploration based on the medicine food homology properties of CAVA and for improving the utilization rate of waste resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Xie
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (X.X.); (H.X.); (B.M.); (X.G.); (T.L.)
| | - Huiling Xue
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (X.X.); (H.X.); (B.M.); (X.G.); (T.L.)
| | - Baoshan Ma
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (X.X.); (H.X.); (B.M.); (X.G.); (T.L.)
| | - Xiaoqian Guo
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (X.X.); (H.X.); (B.M.); (X.G.); (T.L.)
| | - Yanli Xia
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (X.X.); (H.X.); (B.M.); (X.G.); (T.L.)
| | - Yuxia Yang
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Ke Xu
- Sichuan Provincial Horticultural Crop Technology Extension Station, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Ting Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (X.X.); (H.X.); (B.M.); (X.G.); (T.L.)
| | - Xia Luo
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;
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Xu Z, Talpur ZH, Yang W, Xiong Y, Wu T, Zhang Y, Shen X, Du Y. Dual-spectrum online monitoring of puerarin and total flavonoids contents during the extraction process of Pueraria lobata. Talanta 2022; 248:123608. [PMID: 35661845 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the extraction process of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the rapid detection of the active components of TCM plays a vital role. We pioneered the choice of dual-spectrum technology based on near-infrared (NIR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectra and applied it to the quantitative monitoring of online extraction of puerarin and total flavonoids from Pueraria lobata. An online monitoring system was constructed to fulfill the dual-spectrum online monitoring. The extraction solution flows from a flask into a pipeline under the control of a peristaltic pump, removing the solid residues contained in the solution with filters. When the extraction solution flows into the cuvette, it will be measured with NIR and UV-Vis portable spectrometers. After finishing the spectra collection, the peristaltic pump will reverse to push the extraction solution back to the flask. The partial least squares (PLS) models were established to quantitatively analyze puerarin and total flavonoids by NIR, UV-Vis, and dual-spectrum data. As for NIR, UV-Vis and dual-spectrum, the RMSEP (mg/mL) of the puerarin models were 0.0803, 0.0500, and 0.0351, and those of the total flavonoids models were 0.4373, 0.2402, and 0.1795, respectively. The results show that the dual-spectrum online monitoring system is simple, stable and fast (a few seconds) in operation, and accurate in prediction. Compared with individual NIR or UV-Vis spectra, the dual-spectra contains more comprehensive information, and the prediction ability is stronger. This method is expected to become a promising tool for the quantitative analysis of other traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zakir Hussain Talpur
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wuye Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yinran Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xinyi Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yiping Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Zhu H, Wang X, Wang X, Pan G, Zhu Y, Feng Y. The toxicity and safety of Chinese medicine from the bench to the bedside. J Herb Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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4
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Turova P, Stekolshchikova E, Baygildiev T, Shpigun O, Rodin I, Stavrianidi A. Unified strategy for HPLC-MS evaluation of bioactive compounds for quality control of herbal products. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4363. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Polina Turova
- Chemistry Department; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | | | - Timur Baygildiev
- Chemistry Department; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | - Oleg Shpigun
- Chemistry Department; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | - Igor Rodin
- Chemistry Department; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
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Huang YT, Wen CC, Chen YH, Huang WC, Huang LT, Lin WC, Arulselvan P, Liao JW, Lin SH, Hsiao PW, Kuo SC, Yang NS. Dietary uptake of Wedelia chinensis extract attenuates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64152. [PMID: 23734189 PMCID: PMC3667021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
SCOPE Traditional medicinal herbs are increasingly used as alternative therapies in patients with inflammatory diseases. Here we evaluated the effect of Wedelia chinensis, a medicinal herb commonly used in Asia, on the prevention of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis in mice. General safety and the effect of different extraction methods on the bioactivity of W. chinensis were also explored. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 mice were administrated hot water extract of fresh W. chinensis (WCHF) orally for one week followed by drinking water containing 2% DSS for nine days. WCHF significantly attenuated the symptoms of colitis including diarrhea, rectal bleeding and loss of body weight; it also reduced the shortening of colon length and histopathological damage caused by colonic inflammation. Among four W. chinensis extracts prepared using different extraction techniques, WCHF showed the highest anti-colitis efficacy. Analyses of specific T-cell regulatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-17, TGF-β, IL-12) revealed that WCHF treatment can suppress the Th1 and Th17, but not Th2, responses in colon tissues and dendritic cells of DSS-induced colitis mice. A 28-day subacute toxicity study showed that daily oral administration of WCHF (100, 500, 1000 mg/kg body weight) was not toxic to mice. CONCLUSION Together, our findings suggest that specific extracts of W. chinensis have nutritional potential for future development into nutraceuticals or dietary supplements for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Ting Huang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ching Huang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Huang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ching Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Lin
- One Power Bio Technology Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Hsiao
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chu Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Sun Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Martins FS, Borges LL, Paula JR, Conceição EC. Impact of different extraction methods on the quality of Dipteryx alata extracts. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-695x2013005000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Overview of the quality standard research of traditional Chinese medicine. Front Med 2011; 5:195-202. [PMID: 21695625 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-011-0134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used for the prevention and treatment of various diseases for a long time in China. Due to its proven efficacy, wide applications, and low side effect, TCM has increasingly attracted worldwide attention. However, one of the biggest challenges facing the clinical practice of TCM is the uncontrollable quality. In this review, the progress of the development and the current status of quality standard as well as new quality control techniques introduced in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition), such as liquid chromatography hyphenated mass spectrometry (LC-MS), fingerprint, quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single-marker (QAMS), thin layer chromatography bio-autographic assay (TLC-BAA), and DNA molecular marker technique, are briefly overviewed.
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Strategies for quality control of Chinese medicines. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 55:802-9. [PMID: 21215546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chinese medicines (CM) have been attracting interest and acceptance in many countries. Quality control is vital for ensuring the safety and efficacy of CM. Usually, CM are used as whole plant and/or combination of several herbs, and multiple constituents are responsible for the therapeutic effects. Therefore, quality control of CM is very difficult. To date, the valid method for quantitatively evaluating the quality of CM is poor. In this article, the strategies for quantification, related to the markers, reference compounds and approaches, in quality control of CM were reviewed and discussed.
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Jiang JG, Huang XJ, Chen J. Separation and purification of saponins from Semen Ziziphus jujuba and their sedative and hypnotic effects. J Pharm Pharmacol 2007; 59:1175-80. [PMID: 17725862 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.8.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Semen Ziziphus jujuba (SZJ) has long been used in Chinese traditional medicine for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia because of its effect of decreasing monoaminergic system activity; saponins are thought to be the main bioactive factors. To investigate the sedative and hypnotic effects of saponins from SZJ, silica gel column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography were used to purify the crude extract of total saponins from SZJ. High-performance liquid chromatography showed that saponins from SZJ comprised two components, compounds I and II. Animal tests were conducted using these two compounds to compare their sedative and hypnotic effects. Results showed that both compounds had a significant effect (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) on walking time compared with that of the control group. Compound I had a significant effect on coordinated movement (P < 0.05). Both compounds prolonged the suprathreshold barbiturate induced sleeping time (P < 0.05). The number of sleeping animals increased by 30% and 20% for compounds I and II, respectively, under the subthreshold dose of sodium barbital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Jiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Jiang JG, Huang XJ, Chen J, Lin QS. Comparison of the sedative and hypnotic effects of flavonoids, saponins, and polysaccharides extracted from Semen Ziziphus jujube. Nat Prod Res 2007; 21:310-20. [PMID: 17479419 DOI: 10.1080/14786410701192827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Semen Ziziphus jujube (SZJ), the seeds of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa, is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine used for its action on insomnia. In order to analyze the effective component, we investigated and compared the sedative and hypnotic effects of three kinds of compounds, flavonoids, saponins, and polysaccharides. Flavonoids, saponins, and polysaccharides were extracted from SZJ and orally administered to mice separately at 17 g kg(-1) per day for certain days before animal tests. Spontaneous motility and coordinated movement tests were used to observe the effects of the three kinds of compounds on the mouse behavior, and sodium barbital-induced sleeping time of mouse were tested to analyze the effects of the three kinds of compounds on the sleep of mouse. Results show that flavonoids and saponins caused a significant reduction of walking time and coordinated movement ability of mouse, significantly prolonged its sleeping time at 40 mg kg(-1), ip, subthreshold dose and increased the sleeping number of animals at 50 mg kg(-1), ip, superthreshold dose induced by coeliac injection of sodium barbital. Polysaccharides did not show any significance in all animal tests. Comparative analysis showed that saponins had a more effective sedative and hypnotic function than that of flavonoids, polysaccharides did not show a sedative and hypnotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Jiang
- College of Food, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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11
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Li P, Li SP, Wang YT. Optimization of CZE for analysis of phytochemical bioactive compounds. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:4808-19. [PMID: 17136720 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Advantages of CZE such as high efficiency, low cost, short analysis time, and easy implementation result in its wide applications for analysis of phytochemical bioactive compounds (e.g. flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic acid, saponins, anthraquinones and coumarins). However, several aspects, including sample preparation, separation, and detection have significant effects on CZE analysis. Therefore, optimization of these procedures is necessary for development of the method. In this review, sample preparation such as extraction method and preconcentration, separation factors including buffer type, concentration and pH, additives, voltage and temperature, as well as detection, e.g. direct and indirect UV detection, LIF and MS were discussed for optimization of CZE analysis on phytochemical bioactive compounds. The optimized strategies were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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12
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Pan JY, Cheng YY. Identification and analysis of absorbed and metabolic components in rat plasma after oral administration of 'Shuangdan' granule by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 42:565-72. [PMID: 16787733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2006] [Revised: 05/05/2006] [Accepted: 05/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A valid method using liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization (ESI) ion trap mass spectrometry was established for the study of the absorbed and metabolic components of a Chinese medicine 'Shuangdan' granule in rat plasma after oral administration. The plasma samples were acidified with 1M hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate (EtOAc) of two-fold volume for three times. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a Zorbax SB-C18 column with a linear gradient whereas 0.1% acetic acid/water/acetonitrile was used as mobile phase. Mass spectra were acquired in both negative and positive modes. More than 20 components including 16 components from 'Shuangdan' granule and 5 metabolites were simultaneously identified by comparing their mass spectra and retention behavior with reference compounds or literature data. The results proved that the established method could be used to identify the structure of active components responsible for the pharmacological effects of 'Shuangdan' granule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yang Pan
- Department of Chinese Medicine Science & Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
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Yap KYL, Chan SY, Weng Chan Y, Sing Lim C. Overview on the Analytical Tools for Quality Control of Natural Product-Based Supplements: A Case Study of Ginseng. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2005; 3:683-99. [PMID: 16438663 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2005.3.683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality of pharmaceutical products like ginseng is important for ensuring consumer safety and efficacy. Many ginseng products sold today are in various formulations such as powder, capsules, tablets, soft-gels, liquid extracts, and tea. This renders ginseng less identifiable by smell, taste, or physical appearance. Furthermore, as ginseng is expensive, adulteration with other cheaper products occurs. Hence quality assurance of ginseng is needed. This paper reviews the major techniques for ascertaining the level of ginsenosides, the primary active ingredients for ginseng, and covers high-performance liquid, gas, and thin-layer chromatographies, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, enzyme immunoassays, and other molecular methods. Supporting techniques such as ultraviolet, fluorescence, diode array and evaporative light scattering detections, and mass spectrometry will also be touched upon. This review also discusses the principles and applications of biosensors-in particular fiber optic-based sensors-and their feasibility in ginseng analysis based on preliminary studies. Despite their potential, there is currently no or limited commercial exploitation of fiber optic-based sensors to perform ginseng quality analysis. The opportunity for biosensors to be used for the rapid quality surveillance of ginseng is appealing, but several key issues still need to be addressed before they find widespread applications in the traditional Chinese medicine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Yi-Lwern Yap
- Biosensors Group, Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Deng C, Yao N, Wang A, Zhang X. Determination of essential oil in a traditional Chinese medicine, Fructus amomi by pressurized hot water extraction followed by liquid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Li W, Chen Z, Liao Y, Liu H. Separation Methods for Toxic Components in Traditional Chinese Medicines. ANAL SCI 2005; 21:1019-29. [PMID: 16363468 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) with many unique functions for treating diseases have attracted the interest of people worldwide. They have been popularly utilized for therapy and health promotion in most Asian countries and even in many European and North American countries. However, it should be clearly noted that TCMs are mixtures with complicated composition usually containing hundreds, even thousands of chemically different constituents, and it is the multiple constituents that work synthetically to determine the ultimate effect of a formula of TCM. Meanwhile, some components with toxicity in some TCMs, having various negative effects on different parts of body, may do serious harm to people's health; such harm in particular requires our attention. In this article, applications of different chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques in the analysis of toxic components in TCMs in recent decades have been comprehensively reviewed and some hyphenated procedures (combinations of two kinds of measurement) applied in this field are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- The Key Lab of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
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16
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Deng C, Li N, Zhang X. Rapid determination of essential oil in Acorus tatarinowii Schott. by pressurized hot water extraction followed by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1059:149-55. [PMID: 15628135 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, efficient and inexpensive method for the determination of essential oil in a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Acorus Tatarinowii Schott. was developed by using pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) combined with solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Acorus Tatarinowii Schott. (0.050 g) was subjected to dynamic extraction with water at 50 bar, 150 degrees C and 1.0 ml/min for 5.0 min, and then the essential oil in the aqueous extract were extracted by SPME fibers at 60 degrees C for 10 min, finally the compounds on the fiber were desorbed and analyzed by GC-MS. The PHWE and SPME parameters were studied. The key active compound of alpha-asarone in the TCM samples from three different growing areas was quantitatively analyzed by external standard method. Compared to steam distillation (SD), the proposed method required little time (only 15 min) to prepare sample. Moreover, little sample mass and no organic solvent was needed. The present method provided good repeatability (R.S.D. less than 13.0%) and recovery (92% for alpha-asarone). It has been shown that PHWE-SPME-GC-MS is an alternative method for determination of essential oils in TCMs and a potential tool for TCM quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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Drasar P, Moravcova J. Recent advances in analysis of Chinese medical plants and traditional medicines. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 812:3-21. [PMID: 15556485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2004] [Accepted: 09/08/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chinese herbal medicine is gaining increasing popularity worldwide for health promotion and adjuvant therapy. Thus, selective and efficient analytical methods are required not only for quality assurance but also for authentication of the plant material. Applications of both chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques to the analysis of medicinal plants and Chinese traditional medicine preparations over the last 3 years are outlined in this review. The role of chemical fingerprinting is highlighted and a brief survey of determination of toxic components, natural and synthetic adulterants is also included. Moreover, different sample pretreatment and extraction methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Drasar
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Praha 6, Czech Republic
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