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Pan J, Bao Y, Pan S, Zhuang D, Xu Y, Pan X, Li H. Hydroxysafflor Yellow A-Induced Osteoblast Differentiation and Proliferation of BM-MSCs by Up-Regulating Nuclear Vitamin D Receptor. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:410-419. [PMID: 35996252 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666220820125924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is critical for mineral and bone homeostasis since it plays an essential role in the osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) has the potential to promote bone mineralization and inhibit bone resorption, while its detailed mechanism needs to be elaborated. OBJECTIVE This study intends to explore the action of HSYA on the proliferation and differentiation of BM-MSC and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Different concentrations of HSYA to BM-MSC and CCK-8, and EdU were used to detect cell viability and proliferation. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was used to observe the differentiation ability of BM-MSC osteoblasts. The calcium uptake and mineralization of osteoblast-like cells were observed by alizarin red staining. The level of calcium ion uptake in cells was detected by flow cytometry. AutoDock was performed for molecular docking of HSYA to VDR protein. Immunofluorescence and western blotting were performed to detect the expression of VDR expression levels. Finally, the effect of VDR was verified by a VDR inhibitor. RESULTS After treatment with HSYA, the proliferation and calcium uptake of BM-MSC were increased. The level of ALP increased significantly and reached its peak on the 12th day. HSYA promoted calcium uptake and calcium deposition, and mineralization of osteoblasts. The western blotting and immunofluorescence showed that HSYA increased the expression of VDR in the osteoblast-like cell's nucleus and upregulated Osteocalcin, S100 calcium-binding protein G, and CYP24A1. In addition, HYSA treatment increased the expression of osteopontin and the synthesis of osteogenic proteins, such as Type 1 collagen. After the addition of the VDR inhibitor, the effect of HSYA was weakened. CONCLUSION HSYA could significantly promote the activity and proliferation of osteoblasts and increase the expression level of VDR in osteoblasts. HSYA may also improve calcium absorption by osteoblasts by regulating the synthesis of calciumbinding protein and vitamin D metabolic pathway-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Treatment of Congenital Anomalies, Women's and Children's Hospital of Ningbo, Ningbo, China
| | - Youwei Bao
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Treatment of Congenital Anomalies, Women's and Children's Hospital of Ningbo, Ningbo, China
| | - Shuqing Pan
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Treatment of Congenital Anomalies, Women's and Children's Hospital of Ningbo, Ningbo, China
| | - Danyan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Treatment of Congenital Anomalies, Women's and Children's Hospital of Ningbo, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Science and Education Department, Women's and Children's Hospital of Ningbo, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Treatment of Congenital Anomalies, Women's and Children's Hospital of Ningbo, Ningbo, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Treatment of Congenital Anomalies, Women's and Children's Hospital of Ningbo, Ningbo, China
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Xu R, Zeng Q, Xia C, Chen J, Wang P, Zhao S, Yuan W, Lou Z, Lin H, Xia H, Lv S, Xu T, Tong P, Gu M, Jin H. Fractions of Shen-Sui-Tong-Zhi Formula Enhance Osteogenesis Via Activation of β-Catenin Signaling in Growth Plate Chondrocytes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:711004. [PMID: 34630086 PMCID: PMC8498212 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.711004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Shen-sui-tong-zhi formula (SSTZF) has been used to treat osteoporosis for decades and shows excellent clinical efficacy. This article aims to explore the optimal anti-osteoporotic ingredient and its precise mechanisms in mice models. Methods: In this study, we first screened the optimal anti-osteoporosis fraction of SSTZF extract in vivo, and then further explored the mechanism of its effects both in vivo and in vitro. Ten-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were administrated with each fraction of SSTZF. At 10 weeks after ovariectomy (OVX), femurs were collected for tissue analyses, including histology, micro-CT, biomechanical tests, and immunohistochemistry for ALP, FABP4, and β-catenin. Additionally, we also evaluated the mRNA expression level of ALP and FABP4 and the protein expression level of β-catenin after being treated with SSTZF extract in C3H10T1/2 cells. Moreover, we investigated the anti-osteoporosis effect of SSTZF extract on mice with β-catenin conditional knockout in growth plate chondrocytes (β-cateninGli1ER mice) through μCT, histology, and immunohistochemistry analyzes. Results: At 10 weeks after treatment, osteoporosis-like phenotype were significantly ameliorated in SSTZF n-butanol extract (SSTZF-NB) group mice, as indicated by increased trabecular bone area and ALP content, and decreased lipid droplet area and FABP4 content. No such improvements were observed after being treated with other extracts, demonstrating that SSTZF-NB is the optimal anti-osteoporosis fraction. Additionally, the elevated β-catenin was revealed in both OVX mice and C3H10T1/2 cells with SSTZF-NB administered. Furthermore, a significant osteoporosis-like phenotype was observed in β-cateninGli1ER mice as expected. However, SSTZF-NB failed to rescue the deterioration in β-cateninGli1ER mice, no significant re-upregulated ALP and downregulated FABP4 were observed after being treated with SSTZF-NB, demonstrating that SSTZF-NB prevents bone loss mainly via β-catenin signaling. Conclusion: SSTZF-NB enhances osteogenesis mainly via activation of β-catenin signaling in growth plate chondrocytes. SSTZF-NB is the optimal anti-osteoporosis fraction of SSTZF and it can be considered a salutary alternative therapeutic option for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinghe Zeng
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenjie Xia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pinger Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Yuan
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaohuan Lou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Houfu Lin
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanting Xia
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuaijie Lv
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Taotao Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peijian Tong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mancang Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongting Jin
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Lu PH, Kuo CY, Chan CC, Wang LK, Chen ML, Tzeng IS, Tsai FM. Safflower Extract Inhibits ADP-Induced Human Platelet Aggregation. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061192. [PMID: 34208125 PMCID: PMC8230796 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Safflower extract is commonly used as a traditional Chinese medicine to promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis. The antioxidant and anticancer properties of safflower extracts have been extensively studied, but their antiaggregative effects have been less analyzed. We found that safflower extract inhibited human platelet aggregation induced by ADP. In addition, we further analyzed several safflower extract compounds, such as hydroxysafflor yellow A, safflower yellow A, and luteolin, which have the same antiaggregative effect. In addition to analyzing the active components of the safflower extract, we also analyzed their roles in the ADP signaling pathways. Safflower extract can affect the activation of downstream conductors of ADP receptors (such as the production of calcium ions and cAMP), thereby affecting the expression of activated glycoproteins on the platelet membrane and inhibiting platelet aggregation. According to the results of this study, the effect of safflower extract on promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis may be related to its direct inhibition of platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hsun Lu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan;
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Yen Kuo
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan; (C.-Y.K.); (M.-L.C.); (I.-S.T.)
| | - Chuan-Chi Chan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan;
| | - Lu-Kai Wang
- Radiation Biology Core Laboratory, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Mao-Liang Chen
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan; (C.-Y.K.); (M.-L.C.); (I.-S.T.)
| | - I-Shiang Tzeng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan; (C.-Y.K.); (M.-L.C.); (I.-S.T.)
| | - Fu-Ming Tsai
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan; (C.-Y.K.); (M.-L.C.); (I.-S.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-66289779-5793
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A Metabolic Perspective and Opportunities in Pharmacologically Important Safflower. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10060253. [PMID: 32560514 PMCID: PMC7344433 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) has long been grown as a crop due to its commercial utility as oil, animal feed, and pharmacologically significant secondary metabolites. The integration of omics approaches, including genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics datasets, has provided more comprehensive knowledge of the chemical composition of crop plants for multiple applications. Knowledge of a metabolome of plant is crucial to optimize the evolution of crop traits, improve crop yields and quality, and ensure nutritional and health factors that provide the opportunity to produce functional food or feedstuffs. Safflower contains numerous chemical components that possess many pharmacological activities including central nervous, cardiac, vascular, anticoagulant, reproductive, gastrointestinal, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and metabolic activities, providing many other human health benefits. In addition to classical metabolite studies, this review focuses on several metabolite-based working techniques and updates to provide a summary of the current medical applications of safflower.
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Grigoryan AV, Dimitrova AA, Kostov KG, Russeva AL, Atanasova MA, Blagev AB, Betova TM, Trifonov RG. Changes of Serum Concentrations of Alkaline Phosphatase and Metalloproteinase-9 in an Ovariectomized Wistar Rat Model of Osteoporosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/jbcr-2017-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by decreased bone mass, destruction of the microarchitectonics of bone structure and a high risk for fracture. One of the criteria for altered bone homeostasis includes the changes in serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The purpose of this study was to determine the serum concentrations of calcium (Ca2+), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg2+), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and MMP-9 in ovariectomized rats. We used 35 female Wistar rats at reproductive age (2 months) divided into 2 groups: a control group (G1-SHAM) – 20 animals subjected to “false” ovariectomy and placebo-operation, and an ovariectomized group (G2-OVX) – 15 animals subjected to bilateral ovariectomy. Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta for testing levels of Ca2 +, P, Mg2+, ALP and MMP-9. No statistically significant differences in serum concentrations of Ca2+, P and Mg2+ were found between G2 and G1 (p>0.05). The values of ALP and MMP-9 in rats of G2 were statistically significantly increased, as compared to G1 (p<0.05). The serum activity of ALP, which is a marker for bone formation, was increased in OVX-induced osteoporosis. Elevated serum MMP-9 levels in G2 confirmed the hypothesis that it is a marker for osteoclast activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armine V. Grigoryan
- Department of Pathological Physiology , Medical University – Pleven , Bulgaria
| | | | - Krasimir G. Kostov
- Department of Pathological Physiology , Medical University – Pleven , Bulgaria
| | | | | | | | - Tatyana M. Betova
- Department of Patholoanatomy , Medical University – Pleven , Bulgaria
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Choi JH, Lim SK, Kim DI, Park MJ, Kim YK, Lee AC, Kim YM, Yang SJ, Park JH. Safflower bud inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and prevents bone loss in ovariectomized mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 34:6-13. [PMID: 28899511 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The powder and extract of safflower seeds are known to be effective in the prevention of bone loss in ovariectomized animals. However, the inhibitory effect and molecular mechanisms of safflower bud (SB), the germinated safflower, on bone destruction is unclear. PURPOSE The present study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effect and molecular mechanism of SB on osteoclastic differentiation and on bone loss in ovarietomized (OVX) mice. METHODS Osteoclastogenesis was determined by TRAP staining, F-actin ring formation, and bone resorption assay. NF-κB and MAPKs activation was analyzed by transfection assay and Western blot, respectively. Real-time PCR was performed to examine the expression of osteoclastogenesis-related genes. Histological changes, increases in TRAP-positive cells, and cathepsin K expression were examined in the metaphysis of OVX mice. Density of bone marrow was evaluated by µCT. RESULTS SB inhibited the RANKL-induced differentiation of BMDMs into osteoclasts in a dose-dependent manner. F-actin ring formation and bone resorption were also reduced by SB in RANKL-treated BMDMs. In addition, SB decreased the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs and the expression of osteoclastogenesis-related genes in BMDMs treated with RANKL. Feeding of SB-included diet prevented bone loss in OVX mice. The number of TRAP-positive cells and level of protein expression of cathepsin K was reduced and bone mineral density was increased in the metaphysis of mice fed SB compared with OVX mice. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that SB can be a preventive and therapeutic candidate for destructive bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hee Choi
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK 21 PLUS Project Team, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Ki Lim
- Microbiology and Functionality Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Il Kim
- Life Science Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Min-Jung Park
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Young-Kuk Kim
- R&D team, Dasan Institute of Life & Science Co. Ltd., Gwangju 62371, Republic of Korea
| | - An-Chul Lee
- R&D team, Dasan Institute of Life & Science Co. Ltd., Gwangju 62371, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology and BK21 Plus Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Yang
- School of Bioresources and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK 21 PLUS Project Team, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Park GH, Hong SC, Jeong JB. Anticancer Activity of the Safflower Seeds (Carthamus tinctorius L.) through Inducing Cyclin D1 Proteasomal Degradation in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.7732/kjpr.2016.29.3.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Che CT, Wong MS, Lam CWK. Natural Products from Chinese Medicines with Potential Benefits to Bone Health. Molecules 2016; 21:239. [PMID: 26927052 PMCID: PMC6274145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a progressive, systemic bone disorder characterized by loss of bone mass and microstructure, leading to reduced bone strength and increased risk of fracture. It is often associated with reduced quality of life and other medical complications. The disease is common in the aging population, particularly among postmenopausal women and patients who receive long-term steroidal therapy. Given the rapid growth of the aging population, increasing life expectancy, the prevalence of bone loss, and financial burden to the healthcare system and individuals, demand for new therapeutic agents and nutritional supplements for the management and promotion of bone health is pressing. With the advent of global interest in complementary and alternative medicine and natural products, Chinese medicine serves as a viable source to offer benefits for the improvement and maintenance of bone health. This review summarizes the scientific information obtained from recent literatures on the chemical ingredients of Chinese medicinal plants that have been reported to possess osteoprotective and related properties in cell-based and/or animal models. Some of these natural products (or their derivatives) may become promising leads for development into dietary supplements or therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Tao Che
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Man Sau Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Christopher Wai Kei Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
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Effects of the Dichloromethane Fraction of Dipsaci Radix on the Osteoblastic Differentiation of Human Alveolar Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:13-9. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Phytochemistry, pharmacology and medicinal properties of Carthamus tinctorius L. Chin J Integr Med 2013; 19:153-9. [PMID: 23371463 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-013-1354-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Carthamus tinctorius L. is commonly known as Safflower. C. tinctorius extracts and oil are important in drug development with numerous pharmacological activities in the world. This plant is cultivated mainly for its seed, which is used as edible oil. For a long time C. tinctorius has been used in traditional medicines as a purgative, analgesic, antipyretic and an antidote to poisoning. It is a useful plant in painful menstrual problems, post-partum hemorrhage and osteoporosis. C. tinctorius has recently been shown to have antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities. Carthamin, safflower yellow are the main constituents in the flower of C. tinctorius. Carthamidin, isocarthamidin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, safflor yellow A, safflamin C and luteolin are the main constituents which are reported from this plant. Caryophyllene, p-allyltoluene, 1-acetoxytetralin and heneicosane were identified as the major components for C. tinctorius flowers essential oil. Due to the easy collection of the plant and being widespread and also remarkable biological activities, this plant has become both food and medicine in many parts of the world. This review presents comprehensive analyzed information on the botanical, chemical and pharmacological aspects of C. tinctorius.
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Jin JS, Tobo T, Chung MH, Ma CM, Hattori M. Transformation of trachelogenin, an aglycone of tracheloside from safflower seeds, to phytoestrogenic (−)-enterolactone by human intestinal bacteria. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Banu J, Varela E, Fernandes G. Alternative therapies for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Nutr Rev 2012; 70:22-40. [PMID: 22221214 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a medical condition that affects millions of men and women. People with this condition have low bone mass, which places them at increased risk for bone fracture after minor trauma. The surgeries and treatments required to repair and heal bone fractures involve long recovery periods and can be expensive. Because osteoporosis occurs frequently in the elderly, the financial burden it places on society is likely to be large. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration has approved several drugs for use in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. However, all of the currently available agents have severe side effects that limit their efficacy and underscore the urgent need for new treatment options. One promising approach is the development of alternative (nonpharmaceutical) strategies for bone maintenance, as well as for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. This review examines the currently available nonpharmaceutical alternatives that have been evaluated in in vitro and in vivo studies. Certain plants from the following families have shown the greatest benefits on bone: Alliceae, Asteraceae, Thecaceae, Fabaceae, Oleaceae, Rosaceae, Ranunculaceae, Vitaceae, Zingiberaceae. The present review discusses the most promising findings from studies of these plant families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameela Banu
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
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HU AIJUN, FENG QIQIN, ZHENG JIE, HU XIAOHUA, WU CONG, LIU CHUNYAN. KINETIC MODEL AND TECHNOLOGY OF ULTRASOUND EXTRACTION OF SAFFLOWER SEED OIL. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4530.2010.00589.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kim KW, Suh SJ, Lee TK, Ha KT, Kim JK, Kim KH, Kim DI, Jeon JH, Moon TC, Kim CH. Effect of safflower seeds supplementation on stimulation of the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 115:42-49. [PMID: 17997241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2007] [Revised: 08/15/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Anti-bone resorption properties of the Korean herbal formulation, Gami-Honghwain (HJ), which comprises Carthamus tinctorius L. seed and hominis placenta, were investigated. We demonstrate that the production of PGE2 is inhibited by 20-100 microg/ml HJ in nontransformed osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1 cells), indicating that HJ inhibits PGE2 production. The effect of HJ on the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 was also studied. HJ dose-dependently increased DNA synthesis (significant at 20-100 microg/ml), and increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and prolyl hydroxylase activities of MC3T3-E1 cells (20-100 microg/ml), while anti-estrogen tamoxifen eliminated the stimulation of proliferation and ALP activity of MC3T3-E1 which was induced by HJ. These results indicate that HJ directly stimulates cell proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Also, when we assessed the effects of HJ on osteoblastic differentiation in MC3T3-E1, HJ enhanced ALP activity and mineralization in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. This stimulatory effect of the HJ was observed at relatively low doses (significant at 20-100 microg/ml and maximal at 100 microg/ml). Northern blot analysis showed that the HJ (60 microg/ml) increased in bone morphogenetic protein-2 as well as ALP mRNA concentrations in MC3T3-E1 cells. HJ (100 microg/ml) slightly increased in type I collagen mRNA abundance throughout the culture period, whereas it markedly inhibited the gene expression of collagenase-1 between days 15 and 20 of culture. These results indicate that HJ has anabolic effect on bone through the promotion of osteoblastic differentiation, suggesting that it could be used for the treatment of common metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Woon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, 300 Chunchun-Dong, Suwon, Kyunggi-Do 440-746, Republic of Korea
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