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Park YJ, Ok JM. Development of the Short-Form Yin Deficiency Scale Using Three Item Reduction Approaches. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2024; 2024:5533815. [PMID: 38283064 PMCID: PMC10817808 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5533815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Background Yin deficiency (YD) is a pathological condition characterized by emaciation, afternoon fever, dry mouth, and night sweats. The incidence of YD is 23.3%. A 27-item Yin Deficiency Scale (YDS) was developed to estimate the clinical severity of YD. This study aimed to develop three short-form YDS versions to reduce the burden of response time, using three item-reduction approaches: Rasch, equidiscriminatory item-total correlation (EITC), and factor-based analyses. Methods Two datasets were analyzed from previous studies (169 outpatients from May to June 2009 and 237 healthy college students from January to April 2016). The optimal response category was examined using Rasch analysis. Items with higher item-total correlations were determined using the EITC. Using a factor-based approach, the items were reduced, while maintaining the original YDS construct. Reliability was estimated using the person separation index (PSI) and Cronbach's α values. The predictive accuracy was examined using the area under the curve (AUC). Finally, the relationship between YD and dysfunctional breathing (DB) was examined using factor scores from the YDS and the Korean version of the Nijmegen Questionnaire (KNQ). Results We developed two 14-item YDS versions using the Rasch and EITC approaches, and a 16-item YDS version using a factor-based approach. Rasch analysis suggested an optimal response category of five points. The PSI of Rasch and Cronbach's α of the EITC and factor-based versions were 2.19, 0.855, and 0.827. The AUCs of the three short-form YDS were 0.812, 0.811, and 0.818. The sensitivity of the EITC-YDS was 0.632, which was lower than its specificity of 0.875. The fatigue-related scores of the factor-based YDS were fairly correlated with the factor scores of the KNQ estimating the DB (r = 0.349-0.499). Conclusion The 14-item Rasch- and 16-item factor-based YDS may replace the original YDS during YD's primary screening, epidemiological surveys, and health checkups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jae Park
- Department of Biofunctional Medicine and Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Diagnosis and Biofunctional Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Human Informatics of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Myung Ok
- Department of Human Informatics of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Choi Y, Kwon O, Choi CM, Jeong MK. A Pilot Study of Whether the Cold-Heat Syndrome Type is Associated with Treatment Response and Immune Status in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:9920469. [PMID: 34239594 PMCID: PMC8241512 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9920469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cold-heat syndrome type (ZHENG) is one of the essential elements of syndrome differentiation in East Asian Medicine. This pilot study aimed to explore the characteristics of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) based on the cold-heat syndrome type. Twenty NSCLC patients treated with ICI monotherapy were included in the study and completed the cold-heat syndrome differentiation questionnaire. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the included patients were obtained through electronic medical records. Additionally, blood samples of 10 patients were analyzed with cytokine level and immune profiling. Patients were divided into two groups of cold type (n = 9) and non-cold type (n = 11), according to the cold symptoms questionnaire's cutoff point. No significant difference between the two groups was observed in clinical response to ICIs (p=0.668). Progression-free survival (PFS) seemed to be longer in patients with non-cold type than cold type (p=0.332). In patients with adenocarcinoma, the non-cold type showed longer PFS than the cold type (p=0.036). Also, there were more patients with PD-L1 negative in the cold type compared to the non-cold type (p=0.050). In immune profiling, the proportion of effector memory CD8 T-cells was higher in patients with cold type than with non-cold type (p=0.015), and the proportion of terminal effector CD8 T-cells was lower in patients with cold type than with non-cold type (p=0.005). This pilot study has shown the potential for differences in prognosis and immune status between patients with cold and non-cold types. Hopefully, it provides essential information and insight into NSCLC patients' characteristics from the perspective of syndrome differentiation. Further large-scale observational studies and intervention studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Choi
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Ojin Kwon
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Min Choi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Jeong
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
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Wu Y, Wang P, Yang H, Sui F. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and UPLC-MS/MS methods for metabolism profiles and pharmacokinetics of major compounds in Xuanmai Ganjie Granules. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4449. [PMID: 30513133 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Xuanmai Ganjie Granules (XMGJ), a widely used Chinese herbal formula in the clinic, is used for treatment of sore throats and coughs. Despite the chemical constituents having been clarifying by our previous studies, both of the metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies of XMGJ are unclear. This study aimed to explore the disposition process of XMGJ in vivo. A sensitive and selective ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) method was developed to analyze the absorbed components and metabolites in rat plasma and urine after oral administration of XMGJ. A total of 42 absorbed components, including 16 prototype compounds and 26 metabolites, were identified or tentatively characterized in rat plasma and urine after oral administration of XMGJ. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic studies of five compounds of XMGJ were investigated using ultra-high liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method. The results indicated that liquiritin, harpagoside, glycyrrhetic acid, liquiritigenin, formononetin and their metabolites might be the major components involved in the pharmacokinetic and metabolism process of XMGJ. This research showed a comprehensive investigation of XMGJ in vivo, which could provide a meaningful basis for further material basis and pharmacological as well as toxicological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Pengqian Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Feng Sui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, P. R. China
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Metabolomics Analysis for Defining Serum Biochemical Markers in Colorectal Cancer Patients with Qi Deficiency Syndrome or Yin Deficiency Syndrome. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:7382752. [PMID: 28811829 PMCID: PMC5546053 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7382752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of tumor-associated death, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) classifies colorectal cancer into various subtypes mainly according to the symptomatic pattern identification (ZHENG). Here, we investigated the difference in metabolic profiles of serum by comparing colorectal cancer subjects with Nondeficiency (ND), Qi deficiency (QD), and Yin deficiency (YD). The ratio of subjects with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was higher in YD pattern, and the ratio of subjects with carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) was higher both in YD and in QD, compared with ND. As a result of metabolomics analysis, twenty-five metabolites displayed differences between QD and ND, while twenty-eight metabolites displayed differences between YD and ND. The downregulated metabolites in QD/ND and YD/ND mainly include carbohydrates and the upregulated metabolites mainly include amino acids and fatty acids, suggesting conversion obstruction of carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids occurs in patients with QD and YD compared with ND. Our results demonstrate that colorectal cancer patients with QD or YD were associated with metabolic disorders and the variations of serum metabolic profiles may serve as potential biochemical markers for diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer patients displayed QD or YD patterns.
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Comparative Analysis of Tongue Indices between Patients with and without a Self-Reported Yin Deficiency: A Cross-Sectional Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:1279052. [PMID: 28596793 PMCID: PMC5449755 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1279052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the hypothesis that Yin-deficient patients have a reddened tongue with less coating. We screened 189 participants aged 20 to 49 years, complaining of headache. To classify patients in terms of Yin deficiency, we used two self-reporting Yin-deficiency questionnaires (Yin-Deficiency Questionnaire and Yin-Deficiency Scale) and diagnosis by a doctor. Based on the tests, a total of 33 subjects were assigned to a Yin-deficient group and 33 subjects were assigned to a nondeficient control group. Tongue images were acquired using a computerized tongue diagnostic system, for evaluating tongue indices. The tongue coating percentage and tongue redness were calculated as the mean a⁎ value of both the whole tongue area (WT a⁎) and the tongue body area (TB a⁎). The tongue coating percentage of the Yin-deficient group (34.79 ± 10.76) was lower than that of the nondeficient group (44.13 ± 14.08). The WT a⁎ value of the Yin-deficient group (19.39 ± 1.52) was significantly higher than that of the nondeficient group (18.21 ± 2.06). However, the difference in the TB a⁎ value between the two groups was not significant. In conclusion, we verified that Yin-deficient patients had less tongue coating and tended to have a more reddish tongue than nondeficient patients.
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Lin SCA, Chu PY, Chen LL, Su YC, Wang SM. The prevalence rate of deviations in body constitutions and related factors in follow-up stage breast cancer patients-A nationwide study. Complement Ther Med 2017; 32:49-55. [PMID: 28619304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to apply a rigorous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) body constitution questionnaire (BCQ) to survey the prevalence rate of deviations in body constitution and to explore the health-related lifestyle behavior factors of deviations in body constitution. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was administered through postal mail. Subjects were recruited from a national organization for breast cancer patients (Taiwan Breast Cancer Alliance). SETTING/MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Data were obtained from 311 breast cancer patients by questionnaires including a demographic record sheet, lifestyle behavior scales and the BCQ (Yang-Xu, Yin-Xu, and Stasis). Differences concerning the presence of body constitutions were analyzed by Chi-square tests and analyses of variance, and potential predictive factors were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS In total, 55.3% of the subjects had a Yang-Xu constitution, 61.0% had a Yin-Xu constitution, and 47.6% had a Stasis constitution. A total of 42.8% of the patients displayed a combination of the three types of body constitutions. Feeling stressed, physical exercise, and favoring fried food were predictors of the combined Yang-Xu, Yin-Xu and Stasis constitutions (p<0.05). Staying up late was significantly associated with Yin-Xu (p=0.017), and favoring salty food was significantly associated with Stasis (p=0.019). CONCLUSIONS A high prevalence of deviations in body constitutions was observed in the follow-up stage of breast cancer patients. Increasing the adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviors might strengthen and balance body constitution, which could improve supportive care in breast cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chuan Amy Lin
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Li Chen
- School of Nursing, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chang Su
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Mae Wang
- Department of Brest surgery, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan.
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ABE GISLAINECRISTINA, RAMOS PAULOEDUARDO, SILVA BRUNALOURENÇODA, OLIVEIRA ACARYSOUZABULLE. Black coated tongue in integrative medicine: An alarm signal. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2016; 62:822-824. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.62.09.822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Chien TJ, Song YL, Lin CP, Hsu CH. The correlation of traditional chinese medicine deficiency syndromes, cancer related fatigue, and quality of life in breast cancer patients. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 2:204-10. [PMID: 24716134 PMCID: PMC3942897 DOI: 10.1016/s2225-4110(16)30101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To evaluate the correlation between the different traditional chinese medicine (TCM) deficiency syndromes, cancer related fatigue (CRF), and quality of life (QoL) in breast cancer patients. Patients and methods: Ninety-five breast cancer patients were categorized into different qi (氣 qì), blood (血 xuè), yin (陰 yin), and yang (陽 yáng) TCM deficiency syndrome groups (DSGs). We used the ICD-10 for diagnosing CRF. The QoL was assessed by the WHO-BREF and Short Form Health Survey (SF12) questionnaires. The major outcome was to compare the QoL scores between the different TCM DSGs. The second outcome was the intergroup analysis between the CRF and different TCM DSGs in breast cancer patients. Results: The patients with qi deficiency (氣虛 qì xu) had a higher correlation with CRF (p=0.001) and poorer QoL both in the WHO-BREF and SF12 survey (p<0.001), whereas the patients with yin deficiency (陰虛 yin xu) had poorer QoL in the psychological (p=0.02) and social aspects (p=0.04). The qi deficiency (氣虛 qì xu) syndrome was closely associated with yin deficiency syndrome (陰虛 yin xu). (p=0.03). Conclusion: Our study confirmed the concept of Qi-deficiency (氣虛 qì xu) in TCM was associated with CRF as identified in cancer care in western medicine. The breast cancer patients with qi deficiency (氣虛 qì xu) have poorer QoL. Treatment of CRF and improving QoL by supplying qi (氣 qì) may warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Ju Chien
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan ; Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Branch of Zhong-xing, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You-Lung Song
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan ; Branch of Linsen and Chinese Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Pin Lin
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Branch of Jen-Ai, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hua Hsu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan ; Branch of Linsen and Chinese Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan ; Taiwan International Traditional Chinese Medicine Training Center, Taiwan
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Huang YH, Chen JL, Yang SH, Liu GH, Chang KP, Tsang NM. Influence of Chinese Medicine on Weight Loss and Quality of Life During Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer. Integr Cancer Ther 2012; 12:41-9. [DOI: 10.1177/1534735412443852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of Chinese medicine in a Chinese medicine ward (CMW) on weight loss and quality of life in patients with head and neck (HN) cancers during radiotherapy (RT). Methods. From 2006 to 2010, patients with HN cancers hospitalized in the CMW for ≥10 days during RT were included. Outpatients with HN cancers from the Department of Radio-oncology were also enrolled. Body weight was evaluated near the beginning and the end of RT. Quality of life was assessed near the end of RT. Results. Sixty-nine inpatients and 74 outpatients with radiation doses ≥60 Gy were included. Inpatients had significantly lesser weight loss than outpatients ( P = .016) during RT or chemoradiation. Patients hospitalized for ≥40 days had lesser weight reduction than those hospitalized for a shorter period ( P = .025). In the quality-of-life assessment, inpatients had significantly lower score for the item “lack of appetite” on the M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory than outpatients ( P = .002). Conclusions. Patients with HN cancers receiving hospitalization and Chinese medicine in the CMW had lesser weight loss than outpatients. By monitoring the patient’s condition to adjust the prescription of Chinese medicine, this treatment minimized the weight loss resulting from RT or chemoradiation potentially because of a better functioning of appetite. Patients receiving integrated medicine early showed better results than those starting this treatment later.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sien-Hung Yang
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
- Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Geng-Hao Liu
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Ngan-Ming Tsang
- Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan, ROC
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Lin SC, Chen MF. Increased Yin-Deficient Symptoms and Aggravated Autonomic Nervous System Function in Patients with Metastatic Cancer. J Altern Complement Med 2010; 16:1059-63. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2009.0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chuan Lin
- Department of Nursing, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- School of Nursing, Chung-Jen College of Nursing, Health Sciences of Management, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Chen
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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