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Coelho-de-Souza AN, Dos-Santos CF, Lopes-Filho LN, Holanda FR, Oliveira AC, Gomes-Vasconcelos YA, Oliveira KA, Ferreira-da-Silva FW, Silva-Alves KS, Leal-Cardoso JH. Essential oil of Pterodon polygalaeflorus Benth attenuates nociception in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 51:e7356. [PMID: 30304130 PMCID: PMC6172927 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20187356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils (EO) are volatile liquids responsible for the aroma of plants. Pterodon polygalaeflorus seeds have received widespread use in folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. For this reason and because Pterodon polygalaeflorus seeds have great EO content, which is frequently pharmacologically active, the present study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of EO from Pterodon polygalaeflorus (EOPPgfl) and its acute toxic effects. The EEOPPgfl sample, which was extracted by steam distillation of the seeds, had a yield of 2.4% of the seeds weight and had, as major constituents, beta-elemene (48.19%), trans-caryophyllene (19.51%), and epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene (12.24%). The EOPPgfl sample showed mild acute toxicity and its calculated median lethal dose (LD50) was 3.38 g/kg. EOPPgfl (20–60 mg/kg) showed antinociceptive activity as evidenced by several tests and inhibited writhing induced by acetic acid. The maximum effect was obtained with the 30 mg/kg dose and at 60 min after its administration. EOPPgfl also decreased formalin-induced nociception, as verified by the inhibition of the first and second phase of the formalin test. At 30 mg/kg, EOPPgfl also decreased thermally stimulated nociception. Nociception may be related to inflammatory and antiedematogenic activity and at doses ranging 10–100 mg/kg, EOPPgfl blocked dextran- and carrageenan-induced edema. The results demonstrated that EOPPgfl presented, at doses approximately 100 times smaller than LD50, an antinociceptive effect that probably was due to anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Coelho-de-Souza
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Experimental, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - C F Dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Experimental, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | | | - F R Holanda
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Experimental, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - A C Oliveira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Experimental, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Y A Gomes-Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Experimental, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - K A Oliveira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Experimental, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - F W Ferreira-da-Silva
- Curso de Engenharia Civil, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Campus CIDAO, Sobral, CE, Brasil
| | - K S Silva-Alves
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Experimental, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - J H Leal-Cardoso
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Experimental, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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da Silva GP, Fernandes DC, Vigliano MV, da Fonseca EN, Santos SVM, Marques PR, Justo MDG, Sabino KCDC, Coelho MGP. Flavonoid-enriched fraction from Echinodorus macrophyllus aqueous extract exhibits high in-vitro and in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity. J Pharm Pharmacol 2016; 68:1584-1596. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Echinodorus macrophyllus (Kunth) Micheli (Alismataceae) is popularly used as an infusion to treat inflammatory diseases. This work fractionated the aqueous extract of E. macrophyllus (AEEm) to improve its anti-inflammatory effects.
Methods
Aqueous extract of E. macrophyllus was fractionated by Sephadex LH-20 and analysed by HPLC-DAD. Anti-inflammatory action was evaluated, in vivo, by air pouch model (total leucocyte, protein and leukotriene B4 (LTB4)), and, in vitro, by neutrophil migration (transwell assay) and its Mac1 expression (flow cytometry), and RAW 264.7 nitric oxide (NO) production (Griess reaction).
Key findings
Fr20 reduced total leucocyte at 2.5 mg/kg (29.7%) while ethanolic extract of E. macrophyllus (EAEm) increased it (94.0%). Fr20 showed higher (P < 0.05) inhibition (89.8%) of LTB4 in exudate than EAEm (75.0%). Fr20 and EAEm decreased exudate protein and inflammatory infiltrate in pouch tissues, in-vitro neutrophil migration, and NO production. Otherwise, Fr40 did not reduce leucocytes and exudate protein (until 50 mg/kg) nor tissue inflammation, and increased in-vitro NO production. The inhibition of neutrophil migration by EAEm, but not Fr20, was dependent on reduced Mac-1 expression.
Conclusions
The fractionation of AEEm provided a more potent anti-inflammatory fraction containing flavonoids (Fr20) that reduces the migration of neutrophils and LTB4 release, probably contributing to its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girlaine Pereira da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniele Corrêa Fernandes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Vieira Vigliano
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Nunes da Fonseca
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Shirley Vânia Moura Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Marques
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria da Graça Justo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kátia Costa de Carvalho Sabino
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marsen Garcia Pinto Coelho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Qi LW, Zhang Z, Zhang CF, Anderson S, Liu Q, Yuan CS, Wang CZ. Anti-Colon Cancer Effects of 6-Shogaol Through G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest by p53/p21-cdc2/cdc25A Crosstalk. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:743-56. [PMID: 26119958 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Chemopreventive agents can be identified from botanicals. Recently, there has been strong support for the potential of 6-shogaol, a natural compound from dietary ginger (Zingiber officinale), in cancer chemoprevention. However, whether 6-shogaol inhibits the growth of colorectal tumors in vivo remains unknown, and the underlying anticancer mechanisms have not been well characterized. In this work, we observed that 6-shogaol (15 mg/kg) significantly inhibited colorectal tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. We show that 6-shogaol inhibited HCT-116 and SW-480 cell proliferation with IC50 of 7.5 and 10 μM, respectively. Growth of HCT-116 cells was arrested at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, primarily mediated by the up-regulation of p53, the CDK inhibitor p21(waf1/cip1) and GADD45α, and by the down-regulation of cdc2 and cdc25A. Using p53(-/-) and p53(+/+) HCT-116 cells, we confirmed that p53/p21 was the main pathway that contributed to the G2/M cell cycle arrest by 6-shogaol. 6-Shogaol induced apoptosis, mainly through the mitochondrial pathway, and the bcl-2 family might act as a key regulator. Our results demonstrated that 6-shogaol induces cancer cell death by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. 6-Shogaol could be an active natural product in colon cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Wen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing JS 210009, China.,Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA
| | - Chun-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing JS 210009, China
| | - Samantha Anderson
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA
| | - Qun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing JS 210009, China
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA.,Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA
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