1
|
Tan F, Zhou X, Ren L, Kong CS. Effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantatum HFY11 on Colitis in Mice. Foods 2024; 13:1496. [PMID: 38790796 PMCID: PMC11120446 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the potential impact of the intervention of Lactiplantibacillus plantatum HFY11 (LP-HFY11) on colitis using in vivo animal trials. The impact of LP-HFY11 intervention on colitis was determined by measuring the levels of relevant indicators in the intestine, colon, and blood after oxazolone-induced colitis in BALB/c mice. The results of the trial show that LP-HFY11 improved the colon weight-to-length ratio, reduced the colitis-induced colon length shortening, and reduced colonic abstinence. Furthermore, it decreased the levels of myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde activities while increasing the glutathione content in the colon tissue of colitis-affected animals. LP-HFY11 lowered the interleukin-10 (IL-10) level and increased the IL-2 level in the serum of colitis mice. LP-HFY11 also upregulated the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, c-Kit, and stem cell factor (SCF), and downregulated the expression of IL-8, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CXCR2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the colon tissue of mice with colitis. LP-HFY11 decreased the expression of Firmicutes in the gut while increasing the expression of Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacteria, and Lactobacillus. This indicates that LP-HFY11 could control physiological alterations in the serum and colon tissue, as well as the expression of gut microorganism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tan
- Department of Bioscience, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea; (F.T.); (X.Z.); (L.R.)
| | - Xianrong Zhou
- Department of Bioscience, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea; (F.T.); (X.Z.); (L.R.)
| | - Lixuan Ren
- Department of Bioscience, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea; (F.T.); (X.Z.); (L.R.)
| | - Chang-Suk Kong
- Department of Bioscience, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea; (F.T.); (X.Z.); (L.R.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fan X, Liu Y, Li S, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Li W, Hao J, Xu Z, Zhang B, Liu W, Zhang S. Comprehensive landscape-style investigation of the molecular mechanism of acupuncture at ST36 single acupoint on different systemic diseases. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26270. [PMID: 38375243 PMCID: PMC10875596 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The principle of acupoint stimulation efficacy is based on traditional meridian theory. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of acupoints in treating diseases remain unclear in modern scientific understanding. In this study, we selected the ST36 acupoint for investigation and summarized all relevant literature from the PubMed database over the past 10 years. The results indicate that stimulation of ST36 single acupoints has therapeutic effects mainly in models of respiratory, neurological, digestive, endocrine and immune system diseases. And it can affect the inflammatory state, oxidative stress, respiratory mucus secretion, intestinal flora, immune cell function, neurotransmitter transmission, hormone secretion, the network of Interstitial Cells of Cajal (ICC) and glucose metabolism of the organism in these pathological states. Among them, acupuncture at the ST36 single point has the most prominent function in regulating the inflammatory state, which can mainly affect the activation of MAPK signaling pathway and drive the "molecular-cellular" mode involving macrophages, T-lymphocytes, mast cells (MCs) and neuroglial cells as the core to trigger the molecular level changes of the acupuncture point locally or in the target organ tissues, thereby establishing a multi-system, multi-target, multi-level molecular regulating mechanism. This article provides a comprehensive summary and discussion of the molecular mechanisms and effects of acupuncture at the ST36 acupoint, laying the groundwork for future in-depth research on acupuncture point theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Fan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300250, China
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yongrui Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yinghui Zhao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Wenxi Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Jiaxin Hao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Institute for TCM-X, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Suzhao Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou L, Lian H, Yin Y, Zheng YS, Han YX, Liu GQ, Wang ZY. New insights into muscularis macrophages in the gut: from their origin to therapeutic targeting. Immunol Res 2023; 71:785-799. [PMID: 37219708 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Muscularis macrophages, as the most abundant immune cells in the intestinal muscularis externa, exhibit tissue protective phenotype in the steady state. Owing to tremendous advances in technology, we now know the fact that muscularis macrophages are a heterogeneous population of cells which could be divided into different functional subsets depending on their anatomic niches. There is emerging evidence showing that these subsets, through molecular interactions with their neighbours, take part in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes in the gut. In this review, we summarize recent progress (particularly over the past 4 years) on distribution, morphology, origin and functions of muscularis macrophages and, where possible, the characteristics of specific subsets in response to the microenvironment they occupy, with particular emphasis on their role in muscular inflammation. Furthermore, we also integrate their role in inflammation-related gastrointestinal disorders, such as post-operative ileus and diabetic gastroparesis, in order to propose future therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Hui Lian
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuan-Sheng Zheng
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yu-Xin Han
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Gao-Qi Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang X, Wang S, Jin Y, Wang J, Wang R, Yang X, Zhang S, Yan T, Jia Y. Wei-Tong-Xin ameliorated cisplatin-induced mitophagy and apoptosis in gastric antral mucosa by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 308:116253. [PMID: 36806345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Wei-Tong-Xin (WTX) originated from the famous ancient Chinese formula "Wan Ying Yuan", recorded in the ancient Chinese medicine book "Zhong Zang Jing" by Hua Tuo. As "Jun" drugs, Dahuang and Muxiang have the effects of clearing heat and expelling fire, reducing food retention, regulating Qi and relieving pain. As "Chen" drug, Qianniuzi has the effect of assisting "Jun" drugs. Zhuyazao and Gancao, as "Zuo-Shi" drugs, can reduce toxicity and modulate the medicinal properties of other herbs. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of WTX on the oxidative stress of gastric antrum mucosa in mice with cisplatin (CIS)-induced dyspepsia. MATERIALS AND. METHODS A variety of experimental methods, including western blot, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were performed in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS In vivo, WTX restored the number and function of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), accompanied by the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Moreover, WTX inhibited the activation of Parkin-dependent mitophagy and apoptosis. In vitro, WTX activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway and inactivated mitophagy in GES-1 cells. To explore the role of Nrf2 in WTX's improvement of CIS-induced cell damage, Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 was used in cell experiments. We found that ML385 counteracted the regulation of WTX on mitophagy and apoptosis. Finally, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, was applied in our experiments, and the results suggested that WTX suppressed the CIS-induced apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway. CONCLUSIONS The above results, for the first time, indicated that WTX inhibited mitophagy and apoptosis of gastric antral mucosal cells induced by CIS through the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yanjun Jin
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ruixuan Wang
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xihan Yang
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Shuanglin Zhang
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Tingxu Yan
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Ying Jia
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lei W, Zhao C, Sun J, Jin Y, Duan Z. Electroacupuncture Ameliorates Intestinal Barrier Destruction in Mice With Bile Duct Ligation-Induced Liver Injury by Activating the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway. Neuromodulation 2022; 25:1122-1133. [PMID: 35300921 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST36) can attenuate inflammation in different rodent models. However, the therapeutic mechanisms underlying its action in inhibiting intestinal barrier destruction and liver injury in cholestasis mice have not been clarified. This study aimed at investigating whether EA at ST36 could activate the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway to inhibit intestinal barrier destruction and liver injury in cholestasis mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Hmox1floxp/floxp C57BL/6 mice were randomized and subjected to a sham or bile duct ligation (BDL) surgery. The BDL mice were randomized and treated with, or without (BDL group), sham EA at ST36 (BDL+sham-ST36) or EA at ST36 (BDL+ST36), or received α-bungarotoxin (α-BGT), a specific inhibitor of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit (α7nAChR), before stimulation (BDL+ST36+α-BGT). These mice, together with a group of intestine-specific heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) knockout (KO) Villin-Cre-HO-1-/- mice, were monitored for their body weights before and 14 days after BDL. The levels of plasma cytokines and liver injury-related alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay, and pathological changes in the intestinal mucosa and liver fibrosis as well as intestinal barrier permeability in individual mice were examined by histology and immunohistochemistry. The levels of α7nAChR, HO-1, ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-1, and NF-κBp65 expression and NF-κBp65 phosphorylation in intestinal tissues were quantified. RESULTS Compared with the sham group, BDL significantly increased the levels of plasma interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor α, ALT, and AST and caused intestinal mucosal damages, high permeability, and liver fibrosis in mice, which were remarkably mitigated, except for further increased levels of plasma IL-10 in the BDL+ST36 group of mice. Similarly, EA at ST36 significantly up-regulated α7nAChR and HO-1 expression; mitigated the BDL-decreased ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1 expression; and attenuated the BDL-increased NF-κBp65 phosphorylation in intestinal tissues of mice. The therapeutic effects of EA at ST36 were significantly abrogated by pretreatment with α-BGT or HO-1 KO. CONCLUSION EA at ST36 inhibits the BDL-induced intestinal mucosal damage and liver fibrosis by activating the HO-1 cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in intestinal tissues of mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lei
- Second Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Changcheng Zhao
- Second Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiasen Sun
- Second Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanling Jin
- Pathology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhijun Duan
- Second Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang H, Zhao K, Shi N, Niu Q, Liu C, Chen Y. Electroacupuncture Regularizes Gastric Contraction and Reduces Apoptosis of Interstitial Cells of Cajal in Diabetic Rats. Front Physiol 2021; 12:560738. [PMID: 33867995 PMCID: PMC8047410 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.560738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Gastric dysmotility is a frequent complication among patients with diabetes mellitus. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been empirically used to relieve gastrointestinal symptoms. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of EA on gastric contraction and the mechanisms of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) involved. Materials and Methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomized into the normal control, diabetes (DM), diabetic and sham EA (DM + SEA), diabetic and low-frequency EA (DM + LEA), and diabetic and high-frequency EA (DM + HEA) groups. Diabetic models were established and then treated with EA for 8 weeks. Body weight and blood glucose were recorded every 2 weeks. The spontaneous contractions of distal gastric strips were analyzed. Immunostaining and RT-PCR were used to test the apoptotic ICC, IGF-1/IGF-1R, and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. Results The body weight in the DM + LEA and DM + HEA groups were increased compared with that of the DM group, though there was no effect on the blood glucose. The gastric contractions were obviously disordered in the DM group, but EA could regularize the contractions. The number of apoptotic ICC was dramatically increased in the DM group, but reduced with EA treatment. Meanwhile, the IGF-1/IGF-1R pathway was verified to be significantly altered in diabetic rats. The Nrf2/HO-1 pathway was not significantly increased in the DM group. EA with different frequencies efficiently improved the expression of IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling and activated the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Conclusion EA could improve gastric motility dysfunction and attenuate ICC apoptosis possibly through the regulation of IGF-1/IGF-1R and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. EA may be a potential therapeutic method for diabetic gastric motility dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongcai Wang
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Kaile Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Ning Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Qiong Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Chengxia Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang H, Zhao K, Ba Y, Gao T, Shi N, Niu Q, Liu C, Chen Y. Gastric Electrical Pacing Reduces Apoptosis of Interstitial Cells of Cajal via Antioxidative Stress Effect Attributing to Phenotypic Polarization of M2 Macrophages in Diabetic Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1298657. [PMID: 33728017 PMCID: PMC7937455 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1298657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric electrical pacing (GEP) could restore interstitial cells of Cajal in diabetic rats. M2 macrophages contribute to the repair of interstitial cells of Cajal injury though secreting heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The aim of the study is to investigate the effects and mechanisms of gastric electrical pacing on M2 macrophages in diabetic models. METHODS Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into control, diabetic (DM), diabetic with the sham GEP (DM+SGEP), diabetic with GEP1 (5.5 cpm, 100 ms, 4 mA) (DM+GEP1), diabetic with GEP2 (5.5 cpm, 300 ms, 4 mA) (DM+GEP2), and diabetic with GEP3 (5.5 cpm, 550 ms, 4 mA) (DM+GEP3) groups. The apoptosis of interstitial cells of Cajal and the expression of macrophages were detected by immunofluorescence technique. The expression levels of the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB pathway were evaluated using western blot analysis or immunohistochemical method. Malonaldehyde, superoxide dismutase, and reactive oxygen species were tested to reflect the level of oxidative stress. RESULTS Apoptosis of interstitial cells of Cajal was increased in the DM group but significantly decreased in the DM+GEP groups. The total number of macrophages was almost the same in each group. In the DM group, M1 macrophages were increased and M2 macrophages were decreased. However, M2 macrophages were dramatically increased and M1 macrophages were reduced in the DM+GEP groups. Gastric electrical pacing improved the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and downregulated the phosphorylation of NF-κB. In the DM group, the levels of malonaldehyde and reactive oxygen species were elevated and superoxide dismutase was lowered, while gastric electrical pacing reduced the levels of malonaldehyde and reactive oxygen species and improved superoxide dismutase. CONCLUSION Gastric electrical pacing reduces apoptosis of interstitial cells of Cajal though promoting M2 macrophages polarization to play an antioxidative stress effect in diabetic rats, which associates with the activated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and the phosphorylation of NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongcai Wang
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Kaile Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Ba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Qiong Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Chengxia Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li L, Zou C, Zhou Z, Wang X, Yu X. Phenotypic changes of interstitial cells of Cajal after intestinal obstruction in rat model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 52:e8343. [PMID: 31618295 PMCID: PMC6799941 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to study the effect of mechanical intestinal obstruction in rats on the phenotype of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). Healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group (C), one day obstruction group (M1), two days obstruction group (M2), and three days obstruction group (M3), with 10 rats in each group. The expression of SCF mRNA and c-Kit protein in intestinal tissue was investigated by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Compared with the sham-operation group, the relative expression of SCF mRNA and the expression of c-Kit protein in intestinal tissue were significantly decreased in both obstruction groups. Levels decreased gradually with the prolongation of obstruction time, and significantly decreased on the 3rd day after obstruction (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical staining of the small intestine showed that the number of ICC in the sham-operation group was the highest, and they were gradually decreased with the extension of obstruction time in the M1 to M3 groups. There was a significant difference between groups (P<0.05). Intestinal obstruction caused a decrease in the concentrations of SCF mRNA and c-Kit protein in ICC. With the prolongation of intestinal obstruction, the number of ICCs gradually decreased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Medical University NanKai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Changlin Zou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Medical University NanKai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenli Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Medical University NanKai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ximo Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Medical University NanKai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Medical University NanKai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang B, Ji F, Tu L, Yang Y, Chen JDZ. Prokinetic effects of spinal cord stimulation and its autonomic mechanisms in dogs. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13596. [PMID: 30983068 PMCID: PMC6996459 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is widely used to treat chronic pain by inhibiting sympathetic activity; however, it is unknown whether it exerts a prokinetic effect on gastric motility. Our aim was to explore effects and possible mechanisms of SCS on glucagon-induced gastric dysmotility and dysrhythmia. METHODS Seven female dogs with electrodes chronically placed on the dorsal column of the spinal cord between T10 and T12 segments were studied in 2 randomized sessions (glucagon + sham-SCS, glucagon + SCS). SCS at T10 using a set of optimized stimulation parameters was performed for 30 minute immediately after glucagon injection. The antral manometry, electrogastrogram, and electrocardiogram were recorded to assess gastric contractions, gastric slow waves (GSW), and autonomic functions, respectively. KEY RESULTS (a) Compared to baseline, glucagon decreased antral motility index (MI) (6315 ± 565 vs 3243 ± 775, P < 0.001), reduced the percentage of normal GSW (89 ± 3% vs 58 ± 3%, P < 0.01), and increased sympathetic activity (0.25 ± 0 0.06 vs 0.60 ± 0.07, P < 0.01). (b) The sympathetic activity was negatively correlated with antral MI (r = -0.558; P < 0.01) and the percentage of gastric normal slow wave (r = -0.616; P < 0.01). (c) SCS prevented the glucagon-induced impairment in antral hypomotility (MI: 5770 ± 927 vs 5521 ± 1238, P > 0.05) and GSW abnormalities (% of normal waves: 84 ± 4% vs 79 ± 6%, P > 0.05) and sympathetic activity (0.27 ± 0.03 vs 0.33 ± 0.07, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Spinal cord stimulation dramatically improves glucagon-induced impairment in gastric contractions and slow waves by inhibiting sympathetic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Feng Ji
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lei Tu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yi Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jiande D Z Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Long-Pulse Gastric Electrical Stimulation Repairs Interstitial Cells of Cajal and Smooth Muscle Cells in the Gastric Antrum of Diabetic Rats. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2018; 2018:6309157. [PMID: 30538740 PMCID: PMC6258098 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6309157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims The damage of interstitial cells of Cajal and smooth muscle cells has far-reaching implications in the pathogenesis of gastroparesis in diabetic patients. Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) is an efficient therapy for gastric motility disorders, but the mechanisms of GES require clarification. Methods Male rats were randomly divided into the control group, diabetic rat group (DM), diabetic rats with sham GES group (DM + SGES), and diabetic rats with different frequency GES group (DM + GES) (GES1: 5.5 cpm, 100 ms, 4 mA; GES2: 5.5 cpm, 300 ms, 4 mA; and GES3: 5.5 cpm, 550 ms, 2 mA). Gastric contractions were explored using the organ bath technique. The alterations of interstitial cells of Cajal, the SCF/c-kit pathway, and smooth muscle cells were also investigated. Results (1) Gastric contractions were significantly improved in the DM + GES group compared with those in the DM group. (2) The damage of interstitial cells of Cajal was prevented in the DM + GES group in contrast to the DM group. Moreover, long-pulse GES increased the expression of the SCF/c-kit pathway. More proliferated interstitial cells of Cajal in muscle layers were observed obviously in the DM + GES group. (3) The number of smooth muscle cells in the DM group was not significantly decreased compared with that in the control group. However, ultrastructural changes were distinctly damaged in the DM group. The application of GES protected against the alteration of the ultrastructures of smooth muscle cells. Conclusions Long-pulse GES improves gastric contraction possibly by enhancing the proliferation of interstitial cells of Cajal and restoring the injury of smooth muscle cells.
Collapse
|
11
|
Combination of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy with Electroacupuncture Improves Functional Recovery following Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8638294. [PMID: 29568769 PMCID: PMC5820667 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8638294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim Neonatal hypoxic-ischemia (HI) due to insufficient oxygen supply and blood flow during the prenatal and postnatal periods can cause cerebral palsy, a serious developmental condition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of combining constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) and electroacupuncture to treat rat neonatal HI brain injury. Methods The left common carotid arteries of postnatal day 7 rats were ligated to induce HI brain injury, and the neonates were kept in a hypoxia chamber containing 8% oxygen for 2 hrs. Electroacupuncture at Baihui (GV 20) and Zusanli (ST 36) was performed concurrently with CIMT 3 weeks after HI induction for 4 weeks. Results Motor asymmetry after HI was significantly improved in the CIMT and electroacupuncture combination group, but HI lesion size was not improved. The combination of CIMT and electroacupuncture after HI injury increases NeuN and decreases GFAP levels in the cerebral cortex, suggesting that this combination treatment inversely regulates neurons and astrocytes. In addition, the combination treatment group reduced the level of cleaved caspase-3, a crucial mediator of apoptosis, in the cortex. Conclusions Our findings indicate that a combination of CIMT and electroacupuncture is an effective method to treat hemiplegia due to neonatal HI brain injury.
Collapse
|
12
|
Electroacupuncture at ST36 Increases Bone Marrow-Derived Interstitial Cells of Cajal via the SDF-1/CXCR4 and mSCF/Kit-ETV1 Pathways in the Stomach of Diabetic Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:7878053. [PMID: 29599809 PMCID: PMC5828650 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7878053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The loss of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) is observed in diabetic gastroparesis. Electroacupuncture (EA) maintains ICC networks, but the effects and mechanisms of EA on ICC of bone marrow derivation in the stomach have not been investigated. Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomized into six groups: control, diabetic (DM), bone marrow transplantation (BMT) + DM, BMT + DM + sham EA (SEA), BMT + DM + low-frequency EA (LEA), and BMT + DM + high-frequency (HEA). c-Kit+GFP+ cells in the stomach were detected by immunofluorescence staining. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were employed to determine c-Kit, GFP, SDF-1, CXCR4, mSCF, pERK, and ETV1 expression. Results (1) c-Kit+GFP+ cells were elevated in the BMT + DM + LEA and HEA groups. (2) The mRNA and protein levels of GFP, SDF-1, and CXCR4 were increased in the BMT + DM + LEA and BMT + DM + HEA groups. (3) The mRNA and protein levels of mSCF, c-Kit, pERK, and ETV1 were significantly reduced in the DM group but markedly elevated in the BMT + DM + LEA and HEA groups. Conclusion EA at ST36 increases bone marrow-derived ICC in the stomach of diabetic mice via the SDF-1/CXCR4 and mSCF/c-Kit-ETV1 pathways.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wan J, Ding Y, Tahir AH, Shah MK, Janyaro H, Li X, Zhong J, Vodyanoy V, Ding M. Electroacupuncture Attenuates Visceral Hypersensitivity by Inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway in the Descending Pain Modulation System. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:644. [PMID: 29209161 PMCID: PMC5701938 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) has been used for treating visceral hypersensitivity (VH). However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study was aim to testify the effect of EA on ileitis-provoked VH, and to confirm whether EA attenuates VH through Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway in the periaqueductal gray (PAG)-the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM)-the spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH) axis. Methods: Goats were anesthetized and laparotomized for injecting 2,4,6-trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS)-ethanol solution (30mg TNBS dissolved in 40% ethanol) into the ileal wall to induce VH. EA was treated for 30min from day 7, then every 3 days for six times. VH was assessed by visceromotor response (VMR) and pain behavior response to 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mmHg colorectal distension pressures at day 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, and 22. The spinal cord in the eleventh thoracic vertebra and the brain were collected at day 22. The protein and mRNA levels of IL-6, JAK2, and STAT3 in the SCDH were detected with western blot and qPCR, respectively. The distribution of these substances was observed with immunohistochemistry in the ventrolateral PAG (vlPAG), RVM (mainly the nucleus raphe magnus, NRM), SCDH, the nucleus tractus solitaries (NTS) and the dorsal motor nucleus of vagi (DMV). Results: Goats administered with TNBS-ethanol solution showed diarrhea, enhanced VMR and pain behavior response, and increased IL-6, phosphorylated JAK2 and STAT3 (pJAK2 and pSTAT3) in the vlPAG, NRM, NTS and DMV, and their protein and mRNA levels in the SCDH. EA relieved diarrhea, VMR and pain behavior response, decreased IL-6, pJAK2 and pSTAT3 levels in the vlPAG, NRM, SCDH, NTS, and DMV except for pSTAT3 in the DMV, but did not affect mRNA level of these three substances in the SCDH. Conclusion: EA attenuates VH probably through inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in the PAG-RVM-SCDH axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wan
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Adnan H Tahir
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Manoj K Shah
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Habibullah Janyaro
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juming Zhong
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Vitaly Vodyanoy
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Mingxing Ding
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Deng J, Yang S, Yuan Q, Chen Y, Li D, Sun H, Tan X, Zhang F, Zhou D. Acupuncture Ameliorates Postoperative Ileus via IL-6-miR-19a-KIT Axis to Protect Interstitial Cells of Cajal. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:737-755. [PMID: 28537131 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acupuncture is a therapy effective in treating postoperative ileus (POI); its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in inflammation and injury to the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), both of which are considered to be contributors to POI. C-kit, encoding KIT, a specific marker of ICCs, is predicted to be targeted by miR-19a, an inflammation-related miRNA. Therefore, we investigated a possible link between inflammation, miR-19a, and ICCs in POI, as well as the mechanism by which these factors are affected by acupuncture. The effects of acupuncture on POI were assessed in patients after colorectal resection and in colocolic anastomosis mice. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that KIT[Formula: see text]/ano1[Formula: see text] ICCs dramatically decreased around the colonic incision in mice, which was negatively correlated with the pronounced increase in macrophage. However, this decrease was not due to apoptosis. IL-6R was expressed in ICCs, and IL-6 level was significantly increased, as measured by ELISA, in accompaniment with high miR-19a expression. The increase in IL-6 and miR-19a levels was negatively correlated with the decrease in KIT[Formula: see text]/ano1[Formula: see text] ICCs. A luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-19a directly targeted C-kit, indicating that miR-19a caused ICC damage. Interestingly, acupuncture inhibited macrophage activation, IL-6 release, and miR-19a upregulation, while promoting KIT and ano1 restoration in ICCs. High serum miR-19a level in patients after colorectal resection was also reduced by acupuncture. Conclusively, the IL-6 released by macrophages during gastrointestinal surgery upregulated miR-19a, which downregulated KIT in ICCs and finally resulted in POI. Acupuncture can interfere with the "IL-6-miR-19a-KIT" axis, suggesting that it may be a therapeutic mechanism that works against POI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Deng
- * Department of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 8th People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China.,‡ Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Shu Yang
- ‡ Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Qing Yuan
- § Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhong Chen
- ¶ Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Li
- ‡ Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Haimei Sun
- ‡ Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Xinghua Tan
- * Department of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 8th People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- * Department of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 8th People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China.,† Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 8th People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Deshan Zhou
- ‡ Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Electroacupuncture at ST36 Protects ICC Networks via mSCF/Kit-ETV1 Signaling in the Stomach of Diabetic Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:3980870. [PMID: 28203258 PMCID: PMC5292169 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3980870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background. Electroacupuncture (EA) at ST36 has been used to regulate gastric motility and effectively improve gastric emptying in diabetic patients. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms underlying the efficacy of this treatment remain unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the variations of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and explore the changes in mSCF/KIT-ETV1 signaling in the antrum and corpus of diabetic mice after treatment with EA. Methods. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into five groups: control group, diabetic group (DM), diabetic-plus-sham EA group (SEA), diabetic-plus-low-frequency EA group (LEA), and diabetic-plus-high-frequency EA group (HEA). The expression levels of Ano1, c-Kit, and ETV1 were assessed by immunofluorescence in the antrum and corpus. Western blotting and PCR methods were further used to evaluate c-Kit, mSCF, and ETV1 expression. Results. (1) c-Kit and Ano1 were obviously decreased in the DM group, but c-Kit reduced much more than Ano1. (2) The mSCF, c-Kit, and ETV1 mRNA and protein levels were obviously decreased in the DM group in both the antrum and the corpus (P < 0.01), but they were significantly elevated in the LEA and HEA groups (P < 0.01). Conclusions. Ano1 is a reliable marker to detect ICC changes in diabetes; low- and high-frequency EA at acupoint ST36 can protect the networks of ICC possibly via normal activation of mSCF/KIT-ETV1 signaling.
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen H, Zhu W, Lu J, Fan J, Sun L, Feng X, Liu H, Zhang Z, Wang Y. The Effects of Auricular Electro-Acupuncture on Ameliorating the Dysfunction of Interstitial Cells of Cajal Networks and nNOSmRNA Expression in Antrum of STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166638. [PMID: 27930657 PMCID: PMC5145159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) and nNOS play a crucial role in diabetic gastrointestinal dysmotility(DGD). Our previous study found that electro-acupuncture(EA) on ear point 'stomach' could repair the gastric dysrhythmias in rats induced by rectal distention(RD) after meal. However, little were known about the possible effect of auricular electro-acupuncture (AEA) on diabetic rats. Thus, we designed this study to investigate the effect of AEA on streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHOD Forty male Sprague_Dawley (SD) rats were injected with STZ, at the end of 8th week after injection, animals were randomly divided into four groups and received 2 weeks-treatment(10 times) respectively: control group(CON,n = 10, no stimulation), sham auricular electro-acupuncture group(SEA,n = 10, low frequency EA on earlobes), auricular eletro-acupuncture group(AEA,n = 10, low frequency EA on ear point 'stomach'), and ST-36 group(ST-36,n = 10, low frequency EA on ST-36). Gastrointestinal (GI) motility was measured by GI transit rate. ICCs(c-kit+ expression) in antrum were analyzed by Immunohistochemistry and western blotting. NO level in blood serum were detected by Griess Reagent, and nNOSmRNA expression in antrum were determined by Real-time PCR. RESULTS GI transit rate and ICCs(c-kit+ expression) in antrum of AEA group have the tendency to increase compared with CON group, but had no statistics difference (P>0.05). nNOSmRNA expression in antrum of AEA group was dramatically increased compared with CON group (P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS Low frequency EA on ear 'stomach' point could significantly up-regulate nNOS mRNA expression and ameliorate the ICCs networks partly in gastric antrum of STZ -induced diabetic rats, which may has benefits on regulating the GI motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijian Zhu
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinqing Fan
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luning Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoke Feng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongqing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yong CY, Chen S, Chen H, Chu X, Zhang C, Tan C, Ye L, Li JS. Central neuromechanisms underlying control of intragastric pressure through acupuncture at Zusanli (ST36) in rats: the upper cervical cord is the key link between the ascending and descending pathways. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:971-6. [PMID: 27482227 PMCID: PMC4962596 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.184497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory inputs stimulated by Zusanli (ST36) acupuncture in the abdomen are known to converge in the upper cervical cord. However, it is unclear whether these inputs are subsequently conveyed to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and what kind of afferent fibers are involved. We focused on the upper cervical cord, where afferent inputs converge, and detected c-fos expression in oxytocinergic neurons. We found that Zusanli acupuncture therapy effectively elevated intragastric pressure, but inhibited expression of c-fos in oxytocinergic neurons of the paraventricular nucleus in upper cervical cord injured rats. These Zusanli acupuncture effects remained even after complete dorsal cord transection. However, after complete transection of the spinal cord or dorsolateral funiculus, the effects were significantly attenuated and even disappeared. These findings suggest that the paraventricular nucleus is responsible for pooling and integrating signals from the Zusanli acupuncture and sensory information from the intragastric pressure variation, thereby contributing to the regulation of intragastric pressure. The upper cervical cord serves as the key link between ascending and descending pathways, which conveys afferent inputs to the paraventricular nucleus through the dorsolateral funiculus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Yong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shu Chen
- School of Acupuncture and Massage, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Heng Chen
- School of Acupuncture and Massage, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao Chu
- School of Acupuncture and Massage, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Acupuncture and Massage, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Cheng Tan
- School of Acupuncture and Massage, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lan Ye
- School of Acupuncture and Massage, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jiang-Shan Li
- School of Acupuncture and Massage, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li H, Chen Y, Liu S, Hou XH. Long-pulse gastric electrical stimulation protects interstitial cells of Cajal in diabetic rats via IGF-1 signaling pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5353-5363. [PMID: 27340351 PMCID: PMC4910656 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i23.5353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effects of different parameters of gastric electrical stimulation (GES) on interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) and changes in the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signal pathway in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
METHODS: Male rats were randomized into control, diabetic (DM), diabetic with sham GES (DM + SGES), diabetic with GES1 (5.5 cpm, 100 ms, 4 mA) (DM + GES1), diabetic with GES2 (5.5 cpm, 300 ms, 4 mA) (DM + GES2) and diabetic with GES3 (5.5 cpm, 550 ms, 2 mA) (DM + GES3) groups. The expression levels of c-kit, M-SCF and IGF-1 receptors were evaluated in the gastric antrum using Western blot analysis. The distribution of ICCs was observed using immunolabeling for c-kit, while smooth muscle cells and IGF-1 receptors were identified using α-SMA and IGF-1R antibodies. Serum level of IGF-1 was tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS: Gastric emptying was delayed in the DM group but improved in all GES groups, especially in the GES2 group. The expression levels of c-kit, M-SCF and IGF-1R were decreased in the DM group but increased in all GES groups. More ICCs (c-kit+) and smooth muscle cells (α-SMA+/IGF-1R+) were observed in all GES groups than in the DM group. The average level of IGF-1 in the DM group was markedly decreased, but it was up-regulated in all GES groups, especially in the GES2 group.
CONCLUSION: The results suggest that long-pulse GES promotes the regeneration of ICCs. The IGF-1 signaling pathway might be involved in the mechanism underlying this process, which results in improved gastric emptying.
Collapse
|
19
|
Bashashati M, McCallum RW. Is Interstitial Cells of Cajal‒opathy Present in Gastroparesis? J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 21:486-93. [PMID: 26424037 PMCID: PMC4622130 DOI: 10.5056/jnm15075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastroparesis (GP), defined as delayed gastric emptying in the absence of any mechanical obstruction, is a challenging clinical condition, mainly because of limited treatment options. Studies in animal models of delayed gastric emptying as well as patients with gastroparesis revealed depletion or ultrastructural changes of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the gastric tissue, recently termed ICC-opathy. ICC are the pacemakers of the gastrointestinal tract and are involved in the transmission of the neuronal signaling to the smooth muscles. Therefore, lack of ICC could be one explanation of delayed gastric emptying in gastroparetic patients. How frequently ICC changes are observed in gastroparesis is not yet clear. In this review, the data on gastric ICC counts and morphology in animal models and patients with gastroparesis are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bashashati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Richard W McCallum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li H, He T, Xu Q, Li Z, Liu Y, Li F, Yang BF, Liu CZ. Acupuncture and regulation of gastrointestinal function. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:8304-8313. [PMID: 26217082 PMCID: PMC4507100 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i27.8304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In China, acupuncture has been considered an effective method for treating gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction diseases for thousands of years. In fact, acupuncture has gained progressive acceptance from both practitioners and patients worldwide. However, the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms in treating GI dysfunction have not yet been established due to a lack of systematic and comprehensive review articles. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss the efficacy of acupuncture as a treatment for GI dysfunction and the associated underlying mechanisms. A search of PubMed was conducted for articles that were published over the past 10 years using the terms “acupuncture”, “gastrointestine”, and other relevant keywords. In the following review, we describe the effect and underlying mechanisms of acupuncture on GI function from the perspectives of GI motility, visceral sensitivity, the GI barrier, and the brain-gut axis. The dual regulatory effects of acupuncture may manifest by promoting gastric peristalsis in subjects with low initial gastric motility, and suppressing peristalsis in subjects with active initial motility. In addition, the regulation of acupuncture on gastric motility may be intensity-dependent. Our findings suggest that further studies are needed to investigate the effects and more systematic mechanisms in treating GI dysfunction, and to promote the application of acupuncture for the treatment of GI diseases.
Collapse
|
21
|
Chan YY, Lo WY, Li TC, Shen LJ, Yang SN, Chen YH, Lin JG. Clinical Efficacy of Acupuncture as an Adjunct to Methadone Treatment Services for Heroin Addicts: A Randomized Controlled Trial. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 42:569-86. [PMID: 24871652 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Scant scientific evidence supports the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of opiate dependence. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of acupuncture for heroin addicts on methadone maintenance by measuring the daily consumption of methadone, variations in the 36-item Short Form Health Survey-36 (SF-36) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores, and heroin craving. Sixty heroin addicts were randomly assigned to true acupuncture (electroacupuncture at the Hegu [LI4] and Zusanli [ST36] acupoints, as well as acupuncture at the Ear Shenmen) or sham acupuncture (minimal acupuncture at the Hegu and Zusanli acupoints without electrical stimulation and superficial acupuncture at the Ear Shenmen), twice weekly for 4 weeks. From week 2 onwards, the daily dose of methadone was reduced by a significantly greater amount with true acupuncture compared with sham acupuncture. True acupuncture was also associated with a greater improvement in sleep latency at follow-up. All adverse events were mild in severity. Acupuncture appears to be a useful adjunct to methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) in heroin addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yu Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Taoyuan Armed Forces, General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Lo
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chung Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Jong Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taoyuan Armed Forces, General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Nian Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taoyuan Armed Forces, General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|