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Rahman SMA, Kamel MA, Ali MA, Alotaibi BS, Aharthy OM, Shukry M, Abd El-Bary HM. Comparative Study on the Phytochemical Characterization and Biological Activities of Azolla caroliniana and Azolla filiculoides: In Vitro Study. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3229. [PMID: 37765393 PMCID: PMC10535694 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Azolla is a floating fern known for its various biological activities. Azolla caroliniana and Azolla filiculoides are multifunctional plants that exhibit biological activity in multiple ways, making them beneficial for various applications. This study aimed to compare the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicity activities of two Azolla species, namely Azolla caroliniana and Azolla filiculoides. GC-MS analysis revealed distinct patterns of phytochemical composition in the two species. The methanol extracts of A. caroliniana and A. filiculoides exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity against Geotrichum candidum, Enterococcus faecalis, and Klebsiella pneumonia. Furthermore, both extracts demonstrated potential antioxidant activity, as evidenced by a dose-dependent increase in a ferric-reducing activity power (FRAP) assay. Additionally, the extracts showed promising anti-inflammatory activities, including inhibition of protein denaturation, heat-induced red blood cell (RBC) hemolysis, and nitric oxide (NO) production by macrophages. Moreover, the methanolic extracts of A. caroliniana displayed higher cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells than those of A. filiculoides in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that the methanolic extracts of A. caroliniana and A. filiculoides contain distinct compounds and exhibit potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities against HepG2 cells. In conclusion, our data indicate that the methanolic extracts of A. caroliniana and A. filiculoides have differential phytochemical compositions and possess potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and HepG2 cytotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa M. Abdel Rahman
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
| | - Maher A. Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21516, Egypt
| | - Mennatallah A. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
| | - Badriyah S. Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohud Muslat Aharthy
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Hala Mohamed Abd El-Bary
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21516, Egypt
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Manna K, Khan ZS, Saha M, Mishra S, Gaikwad N, Bhakta JN, Banerjee K, Das Saha K. Manjari Medika Grape Seed Extract Protects Methotrexate-Induced Hepatic Inflammation: Involvement of NF-κB/NLRP3 and Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling System. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:467-492. [PMID: 36785716 PMCID: PMC9922067 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s338888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Grape Seed Extract is a natural source of various polyphenols, which have been shown to possess potent antioxidant and free radical-scavenging activities. The earlier studies have reported that grape seed extract exhibits broad-spectrum pharmacological activities. Therefore, studying the hepatoprotective effects and elucidation of mechanisms of action of the Indian Variety, Manjari Medika grape seed extract (GSE), may give an insight into therapeutic benefits. Methotrexate (MTX) is the first-line pharmacological therapy for different rheumatic diseases. The major adverse events such as hepatotoxicity are evident even in the low doses used for the treatment. The present study investigated the role of MTX on hepatic damage in murine liver and the plausible protective effects of the Indian grape variety, Manjari Medika grape seed extract, in ameliorating it. Methods and Results To assess the hepatological modulation, mice were divided into eight groups to investigate the ameliorative potential of this GSE (75 and 125 mg/kg) and correlate the experimental findings. The active components of the extract were assessed through UPLC-(ESI)-QToF-MS analysis. On the other hand, various biochemical and immunological indices were carried out to correlate the experimental data. The result demonstrated that the prophylactic administration of GSE reduced MTX-induced hepatic toxicity indices, which subsequently restored the hepatic morphological architecture. Moreover, the application of GSE in a dual dosage (75 and 125 mg/kg) suppressed MTX-induced reactive oxygen species generation, followed by lipid peroxidation and cellular nitrite formation. MTX-induced inflammasome activation through the redox-assisted cascade of TLR4/NF-κB signaling was further reduced by applying the GSE. The results showed that the activation of cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2 enhanced the level of endogenous antioxidants. Furthermore, through the regulation of TLR4/NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 axis, this extract could reduce the MTX-mediated hepatic damage. Conclusion Our findings suggest that Manjari Medika seed extract could be used as a therapeutic agent to relieve the side effects of MTX and other hepatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Manna
- Department of Food & Nutrition, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Zareen S Khan
- National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra, 412307, India
| | - Moumita Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Snehasis Mishra
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Nilesh Gaikwad
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur, Maharashtra, 413255, India
| | - Jatindra Nath Bhakta
- Department of Food & Nutrition, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra, 412307, India,Kaushik Banerjee, National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra, 412307, India, Email
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India,Correspondence: Krishna Das Saha, Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India, Tel +91 33 2499 5810, Fax +91 33 2473 5197, Email
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Chen YF, Wu KJ, Siao LR, Tsai HY. Trilinolein, a Natural Triacylglycerol, Protects Cerebral Ischemia through Inhibition of Neuronal Apoptosis and Ameliorates Intimal Hyperplasia via Attenuation of Migration and Modulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and RAS/MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway in VSMCs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12820. [PMID: 36361610 PMCID: PMC9658252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease is one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide, and seeking a potential treatment is essential. Trilinolein (TriL) is a natural triacylglycerol presented in several plants. The effects of TriL on cerebrovascular diseases such as cerebral ischemia and carotid stenosis have never been studied. Accordingly, we investigated the protection of TriL on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration in vivo and in vitro. The cerebral infarction area, the intima to media area (I/M ratio), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-staining of the carotid artery were measured. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-stimulated A7r5 cell migration and potential mechanisms of TriL were investigated by wound healing, transwell, and Western blotting. TriL (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced: the cerebral infarction area; neurological deficit; TUNEL-positive apoptosis; intimal hyperplasia; and PCNA-positive cells in rodents. TriL (5, 10, and 20 µM) significantly inhibited PDGF-BB-stimulated A7r5 cell migration and reduced matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), Ras, MEK, and p-ERK protein levels in PDGF-BB-stimulated A7r5 cells. TriL is protective in models of I/R-induced brain injury, carotid artery ligation-induced intimal hyperplasia, and VSMC migration both in vivo and in vitro. TriL could be potentially efficacious in preventing cerebral ischemia and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Fung Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Jen Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Ru Siao
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Yann Tsai
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
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Hawthorne B, Lund K, Freggiaro S, Kaga R, Meng J. The mechanism of the cytotoxic effect of Panax notoginseng extracts on prostate cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112887. [PMID: 35367754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H. commonly referred to as Sanqi, is a Chinese herb that has long been used to treat various conditions including blood disorders and cardiovascular diseases. While Panax notoginseng has been used as an anti-cancer medicinal herb in recent years, how it achieves this therapeutic effect has not been thoroughly elucidated. The purpose of this study was to reveal more about the mechanism of the cytotoxic effect of Panax notoginseng on prostate cancer (PCa) cells. METHODS Ethanol extract of Panax notoginseng root was authenticated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The cytotoxic activity of this herb against PCa cells was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The assessment of cellular metabolic activity demonstrated that Panax notoginseng reduces the viability of LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Annexin-V binding flow cytometry assay showed that Panax notoginseng induces apoptosis in PCa cells. Cell cycle analysis by quantification of DNA content using flow cytometry showed that Panax notoginseng arrests the cell cycle at the G2/M phase in both LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells. Moreover, ELISA demonstrated that Panax notoginseng-treated PCa cells secrete significantly less tumor-promoting cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) to the supernatant compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence for the cytotoxic effects of Panax notoginseng on PCa cell lines. This botanical is a promising candidate for the complementary and integrative medicine treatment of PCa and further studies are indicated to determine the anti-cancer mechanism of Panax notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hawthorne
- School of Naturopathic Medicine, Bastyr University, 14500 Juanita Drive NE, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA
| | - Kaleb Lund
- School of Naturopathic Medicine, Bastyr University, 14500 Juanita Drive NE, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA
| | - Sydney Freggiaro
- School of Naturopathic Medicine, Bastyr University, 14500 Juanita Drive NE, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA
| | - Risa Kaga
- School of Natural Health Arts & Sciences, Bastyr University, 14500 Juanita Drive NE, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA
| | - Jing Meng
- School of Natural Health Arts & Sciences, Bastyr University, 14500 Juanita Drive NE, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA.
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Lee YJ, Chung JG, Tan ZL, Hsu FT, Liu YC, Lin SS. ERK/AKT Inactivation and Apoptosis Induction Associate With Quetiapine-inhibited Cell Survival and Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. In Vivo 2021; 34:2407-2417. [PMID: 32871766 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Quetiapine, an atypical antipsychotic, has been encountered as a potential protective agent to suppress various types of tumor growth. However, the inhibitory mechanism of quetiapine in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still remains unclear. The purpose of present study was to investigate the inhibitory mechanism of quetiapine on cell survival and invasion in HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Changes of apoptotic signaling, migration/invasion ability, and signaling transduction involved in cell survival and invasion were evaluated with flow cytometry, migration/invasion, and western blot assays. RESULTS Quetiapine inhibited cell proliferation and migration/invasion in SK-Hep1 and Hep3B cells. Quetiapine induced extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), protein kinase B (AKT), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-ĸB), expression of anti-apoptotic, and metastasis-associated proteins were decreased by quetiapine. CONCLUSION The apoptosis induction, the decreased expression of ERK/AKT-mediated anti-apoptotic and the metastasis-associated proteins were associated with quetiapine-inhibited cell survival and invasion in HCC in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ju Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Zhao-Lin Tan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Chang Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Song-Shei Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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Li T, Lv M, Chen X, Yu Y, Zang G, Tang Z. Plumbagin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma by downregulating the expression of SIVA. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:1289-1300. [PMID: 31118568 PMCID: PMC6498963 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s200610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Plumbagin is thought to be a bioactive phytochemical drug and exerts an antitumor effect on various cancers. However, few studies focus on the antitumor activity of plumbagin on liver cancer. This study first investigated the antitumor activity of plumbagin on liver cancer and further investigated the molecular mechanism of its antitumor activity against hepatocellular carcinoma, both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The antiproliferative activity of plumbagin was evaluated through CCK-8, EdU, and colony forming test. The cell cycle and apoptosis were then analyzed by flow cytometer. Western blot was used to detect the expression of apoptosis related protein, SIVA, and mTOR pathway. RNA-seq was performed to determine the gene expression profiles and overexpressed or knocked down SIVA to validate its role in plumbagin’s antitumor activity. Regarding animal experiment, a xenograft model in BALB/c nude mice was built using LM3-Luci cells. Then bioluminescence imaging and further immunohistochemistry were performed to study the antitumor activity and the expression of SIVA and mTOR in the plumbagin-treated group. Results: Plumbagin can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of liver cancer cells in vitro. Further experiment demonstrated that plumbagin could inhibit the expression of SIVA and subsequently downregulate the mTOR signaling pathway, and upregulating the expression of SIVA will alleviate the antitumor activity of plumbagin on liver cancer, which confirmed the important role of the SIVA/mTOR signaling pathway in the antitumor activity of plumbagin. In vivo bioluminescence imaging showed a decreased signal in the plumbagin-treated group, and further immunohistochemistry demonstrated that plumbagin could inhibit the SIVA/mTOR signaling pathway in tumor tissues. Conclusion: Our promising results showed that plumbagin could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of hepatic cancer through inhibiting the SIVA/mTOR signaling pathway for the first time, which indicated that plumbagin might be a good candidate against liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjiao Lv
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Zang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghao Tang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
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Chang HY, Chen YC, Lin JG, Lin IH, Huang HF, Yeh CC, Chen JJ, Huang GJ. Asatone Prevents Acute Lung Injury by Reducing Expressions of NF-κB, MAPK and Inflammatory Cytokines. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:651-671. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Asatone is an active component extracted from the Chinese herb Radix et Rhizoma Asari. Our preliminary studies have indicated that asatone has an anti-inflammatory effect on RAW 264.7 culture cells challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Acute lung injury (ALI) has high morbidity and mortality rates due to the onset of serious lung inflammation and edema. Whether asatone prevents ALI LPS-induced requires further investigation. In vitro studies revealed that asatone at concentrations of 2.5–20[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL drastically prevented cytotoxicity and concentration-dependently reduced NO production in the LPS-challenged macrophages. In an in vivo study, the intratracheal administration of LPS increased the lung wet/dry ratio, myeloperoxidase activity, total cell counts, white blood cell counts, NO, iNOS, COX, TNF-[Formula: see text], IL-1[Formula: see text], and IL-6 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as well as mitogen-activated protein kinases in the lung tissues. Pretreatment with asatone could reverse all of these effects. Asatone markedly reduced the levels of TNF-[Formula: see text] and IL-6 in the lung and liver, but not in the kidney of mice. By contrast, LPS reduced anti-oxidative enzymes and inhibited NF-[Formula: see text]B activations, whereas asatone increased anti-oxidative enzymes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and NF-[Formula: see text]B activations in the lung tissues. Conclusively, asatone can prevent ALI through various anti-inflammatory modalities, including the major anti-inflammatory pathways of NF-[Formula: see text]B and mitogen-activated protein kinases. These findings suggest that asatone can be applied in the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Yuan Chang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chuan Chen
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsin Lin
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fen Huang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei 231, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chou Yeh
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi 622, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jung Chen
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Jhong Huang
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Adadey SM, Yakass MB, Agyemang S, Duodu S. The Modulatory Effect of Lead Drug Candidates on Inflammatory Gene Expression in Sepsis: A Mini-Review. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2018; 16:48-56. [PMID: 29493457 DOI: 10.2174/1570163815666180227162926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a debilitating clinical syndrome of systemic inflammation in response to microorganisms especially Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A minority of sepsis cases could be due to non-pathogenic insult such as trauma. Much of the tissue and organ injury observed among septic patients is a consequence of the inflammatory response. The search for effective treatments of sepsis has led to several studies by different research groups across the globe. Although many targets and molecules have been identified, there is still no effective treatment for sepsis. The aim of this report is to review the literature on drugs and drug candidates against sepsis and how they modulate the expression of inflammatory genes. Many compounds have been identified to regulate inflammatory gene expression by interacting with targets such as topoisomerase 1 and nuclear factor kappa B, which regulate the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Even though these compounds appear promising as potential drugs against sepsis, no effective therapies have been discovered to date and thus the fight against sepsis continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Mawuli Adadey
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 54, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Michael Bright Yakass
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 54, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Seth Agyemang
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 54, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Duodu
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 54, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Sun Z, Tan X, Ye H, Zou C, Ye C, Wang A. Effects of dietary Panax notoginseng extract on growth performance, fish composition, immune responses, intestinal histology and immune related genes expression of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀) fed high lipid diets. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 73:234-244. [PMID: 29127028 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Growth, plasma biochemical parameters, fish composition, immune parameters, intestinal histology, and expressions of immune-related genes were examined in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀) that fed respectively six diets containing Panax notoginseng extract (PNE) at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 10 g kg-1 after 8 weeks. Results indicated that dietary PNE significantly improved growth, feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and protein deposit rate, and significantly increased crude protein and crude lipid levels of whole body and crude protein level of muscle. Dietary PNE significantly increased plasma total protein, alkaline phosphatase, immunoglobulin, complement 3 and complement 4 contents, but significantly decreased cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol contents. Furthermore, dietary PNE increased villus length and muscle thickness in foregut, midgut, and hindgut, activities of hepatic superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity, and increased the expression levels of immune related genes (IL-10, TGF-β1, TOR, MHC2 and TLR3) in the head kidney and the expression levels of antioxidant genes (CAT and GR) in fish that fed PNE at 0.5-4 g kg-1. In conclusion, grouper fed high lipid diets supplemented with PNE at 0.5-10 g kg-1 improved growth, feed utilization, blood immune parameters, hepatic antioxidant status, intestine morphology and expression levels of immune related genes in the head kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhu Sun
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Tan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Huaqun Ye
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Cuiyun Zou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Chaoxia Ye
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
| | - Anli Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
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Wu MS, Chien CC, Cheng KT, Subbaraju GV, Chen YC. Hispolon Suppresses LPS- or LTA-Induced iNOS/NO Production and Apoptosis in BV-2 Microglial Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:1649-1666. [PMID: 29121802 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hispolon (HIS) is an active polyphenol compound derived from Phellinus linteus (Berkeley & Curtis), and our previous study showed that HIS effectively inhibited inflammatory responses in macrophages [Yang, L.Y., S.C. Shen, K.T. Cheng, G.V. Subbaraju, C.C. Chien and Y.C. Chen. Hispolon inhibition of inflammatory apoptosis through reduction of iNOS/NO production via HO-1 induction in macrophages. J. Ethnopharmacol. 156: 61-72, 2014]; however, its effect on neuronal inflammation is still undefined. In this study, HIS concentration- and time-dependently inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-induced inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS)/NO production with increased heme oxygenase (HO)-1 proteins in BV-2 microglial cells. Accordingly, HIS protected BV-2 cells from LPS- or LTA-induced apoptosis, characterized by decreased DNA ladder formation, and caspase-3 and poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein cleavage in BV-2 cells. Similarly, the NOS inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (NAME), inhibited LPS- or LTA-induced apoptosis of BV-2 cells, but neither NAME nor HIS showed any inhibition of NO production or cell death induced by the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), indicating the involvement of NO in the inflammatory apoptosis of microglial cells. Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor (NF)-[Formula: see text]B contributed to LPS- or LTA-induced iNOS/NO production and apoptosis of BV-2 cells, and that was suppressed by HIS. Additionally, HIS possesses activity to induce HO-1 protein expression via activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in BV-2 cells, and application of the HO inhibitor, tin protoporphyrin (SnPP), or knockdown of HO-1 protein by HO-1 small interfering (si)RNA significantly reversed HIS inhibition of NO production and cell death in BV-2 cells stimulated by LPS. Results of an analysis of the effects of HIS and two structurally related chemicals, i.e. dehydroxy-HIS (D-HIS) and HIS-methyl ester (HIS-ME), showed that HIS expressed the most potent inhibitory effects on iNOS/NO production, JNK activation, and apoptosis in BV-2 microglial cells activated by LPS with increased HO-1 protein expression. Overall these results suggested that HIS possesses inhibitory activity against LPS- or LTA-induced inflammatory responses including iNOS/NO production and apoptosis in BV-2 microglial cells and that the mechanisms involve upregulation of the HO-1 protein and downregulation of JNK/NF-[Formula: see text]B activation. A critical role of hydroxyl at position C3 in the anti-inflammatory actions of HIS against activated BV-2 microglial cells was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shun Wu
- * Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,† Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chiang Chien
- ¶ Department of Nephrology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,∥ Department of Food Nutrition, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kur-Ta Cheng
- ‡ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yen-Chou Chen
- § Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,†† Cancer Research Center and Orthopedics Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Park HJ. Anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activity of Phellinus linteus grown on Panax ginseng. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:467-472. [PMID: 30263566 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Panax ginseng (PG) or Phellinus linteus (PL) have been widely used as traditional medicine owing to their many biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities. Previously, our group produced PL that was grown on PG media (PGP) to enhance anti-cancer activities of PGP. Here we studied the anti-allergic activity of PGP and its mechanism of action. The ethyl acetate fraction of PGP exhibited the anti-allergic activity by suppressing β-hexosaminidase release, a marker of degranulation, from antigen/immunoglobulin E (IgE)-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells. Exposure to PGP inhibited the level of antigen/IgE-induced TNF-alpha in RBL-2H3 cells. It markedly suppressed the phosphorylation of spleen associated tyrosine kinase, GRB2-associated-binding protein 2 (Gab2) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases proteins, which are required for the degranulation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Its anti-inflammatory activity was observed in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, PGP contained higher contents of Rg1 than PG. Our findings suggest that PGP might be developed as a therapeutic agent for IgE-mediated allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13120 Korea
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12
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Wu KC, Huang SS, Kuo YH, Ho YL, Yang CS, Chang YS, Huang GJ. Ugonin M, a Helminthostachys zeylanica Constituent, Prevents LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury through TLR4-Mediated MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040573. [PMID: 28368327 PMCID: PMC6154736 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Hook. is plant that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries for the treatment of inflammation, fever, pneumonia, and various disorders. The aims of the present study are to figure out the possible effectiveness of the component Ugonin M, a unique flavonoid isolated from H. zeylanica, and to elucidate the mechanism(s) by which it works in the LPS-induced ALI model. In this study, Ugonin M not only inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, as well as infiltrated cellular counts and protein content in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) mice, but also ameliorated the severity of pulmonary edemas through the score of a histological examination and the ratio of wet to dry weight of lung. Moreover, Ugonin M was observed to significantly suppress LPS-stimulated protein levels of iNOS and COX-2. In addition, we found that Ugonin M not only obviously suppressed NF-κB and MAPK activation via the degradation of NF-κB and IκB-α as well as ERK and p38MAPK active phosphorylation but also inhibited the protein expression level of TLR4. Further, Ugonin M treatment also suppressed the protein levels of MPO and enhanced the protein expressions of HO-1 and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, and CAT) in lung tissue of LPS-induced ALI mice. It is anticipated that through our findings, there is strong evidence that Ugonin M may exert a potential effect against LPS-induced ALI mice. Hence, Ugonin M could be one of the major effective components of H. zeylanica in the treatment of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chang Wu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Shyh-Shyun Huang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ling Ho
- Department of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Syun Yang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yuan-Shiun Chang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Chinese Crude Drug Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Guan-Jhong Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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13
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Peng MX, Wang XY, Wang F, Wang L, Xu PP, Chen B. Apoptotic Mechanism of Human Leukemia K562/A02 Cells Induced by Magnetic Ferroferric Oxide Nanoparticles Loaded with Wogonin. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:2958-2966. [PMID: 27958228 PMCID: PMC5198531 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.195466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Traditional Chinese medicine wogonin plays an important role in the treatment of leukemia. Recently, the application of drug-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to increase water solubility of the drug and to enhance its chemotherapeutic efficiency has attracted much attention. Drugs coated with MNPs are becoming a promising way for better leukemia treatment. This study aimed to assess the possible molecular mechanisms of wogonin-coated MNP-Fe3O4 (Wog-MNPs-Fe3O4) as an antileukemia agent. Methods: After incubated for 48 h, the antiproliferative effects of MNPs, wogonin, or Wog-MNPs-Fe3O4 on K562/A02 cells were determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The apoptotic rates of K562/A02 cells treated with either wogonin or Wog-MNPs-Fe3O4 were determined by flow cytometer (FCM) assay. The cell cycle arrest in K562/A02 cells was determined by FCM assay. The elementary molecular mechanisms of these phenomena were explored by Western blot and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: With cell viabilities ranging from 98.76% to 101.43%, MNP-Fe3O4 was nontoxic to the cell line. Meanwhile, the wogonin and Wog-MNPs-Fe3O4 had little effects on normal human embryonic lung fibroblast cells. The cell viabilities of the Wog-MNPs-Fe3O4 group (28.64–68.36%) were significantly lower than those of the wogonin group (35.53–97.28%) in a dose-dependent manner in 48 h (P < 0.001). The apoptotic rate of K562/A02 cells was significantly improved in 50 μmol/L Wog-MNPs-Fe3O4 group (34.28%) compared with that in 50 μmol/L wogonin group (23.46%; P < 0.001). Compared with those of the 25 and 50 μmol/L wogonin groups, the ratios of G0/G1-phase K562/A02 cells were significantly higher in the 25 and 50 μmol/L Wog-MNPs-Fe3O4 groups (all P < 0.001). The mRNA and protein expression levels of the p21 and p27 in the K562/A02 cells were also significantly higher in the Wog-MNPs-Fe3O4 group compared with those of the wogonin group (all P < 0.001). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that MNPs were the effective drug delivery vehicles to deliver wogonin to the leukemia cells. Through increasing cells arrested at G0/G1-phase and inducing apoptosis of K562/A02 cells, MNPs could enhance the therapeutic effects of wogonin on leukemia cells. These findings indicated that MNPs loaded with wogonin could provide a promising way for better leukemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Xin Peng
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Wang
- Department of Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Pei-Pei Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
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14
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Sclareol ameliorate lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through inhibition of MAPK and induction of HO-1 signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 44:16-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Wang D, Li XW, Wang X, Tan HR, Jia Y, Yang L, Li XM, Shang MY, Xu F, Yang XX, Shoyama Y, Cai SQ. Alpha-Actinin-4 is a Possible Target Protein for Aristolochic Acid I in Human Kidney Cells In Vitro. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:291-304. [PMID: 27080942 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aristolochic acid I (AA-I) is a strong nephrotoxin, carcinogen, and mutagen found in plants such as the Aristolochia species. The mechanisms underlying AA-I toxicity in the kidneys are poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to gain insight into the mechanism of AA-I nephrotoxicity by analyzing the uptake, subcellular distribution, and intracellular targets of AA-I in the human kidney cell line HK-2 using immunocytochemistry, immunoprecipitation, and LC-MS/MS. In HK-2 cells incubated with 20[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL AA-I for different periods of time (up to 12[Formula: see text]h), AA-I was detected by a specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) against AA-I, both in the cytoplasm and nuclei. Nuclear localization depended on the exposure time. A protein with the molecular weight of 100 kDa was immunoprecipitated with the anti-AA-I MAb from the AA-I-treated cell lysates and was identified by LC-MS/MS as [Formula: see text]-actinin-4 after digestion of the protein, and was confirmed by immunoblotting with a specific anti-[Formula: see text]-actinin-4 MAb. This evidence shows, for the first time, that [Formula: see text]-actinin-4 is a protein targeted by AA-I in kidney cells. Our findings strongly suggest an association between [Formula: see text]-actinin-4 and AA-I nephrotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- * State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs.,† Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Wei Li
- * State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs.,† Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Wang
- † Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Huan-Ran Tan
- ‡ Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jia
- § Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- § Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- § Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | | | - Feng Xu
- * State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
| | - Xing-Xin Yang
- * State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
| | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- ¶ Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
| | - Shao-Qing Cai
- * State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
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16
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Wang CZ, Anderson S, Yuan CS. Phytochemistry and Anticancer Potential of Notoginseng. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:23-34. [PMID: 26916912 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Asian ginseng, American ginseng, and notoginseng are three major species in the ginseng family. Notoginseng is a Chinese herbal medicine with a long history of use in many Oriental countries. This botanical has a distinct ginsenoside profile compared to other ginseng herbs. As a saponin-rich plant, notoginseng could be a good candidate for cancer chemoprevention. However, to date, only relatively limited anticancer studies have been conducted on notoginseng. In this paper, after reviewing its anticancer data, phytochemical isolation and analysis of notoginseng is presented in comparison with Asian ginseng and American ginseng. Over 80 dammarane saponins have been isolated and elucidated from different plant parts of notoginseng, most of them belonging to protopanaxadiol or protopanaxatriol groups. The role of the enteric microbiome in mediating notoginseng metabolism, bioavailability, and pharmacological actions are discussed. Emphasis has been placed on the identification and isolation of enteric microbiome-generated notoginseng metabolites. Future investigations should provide key insights into notoginseng's bioactive metabolites as clinically valuable anticancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Zhi Wang
- * Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Samantha Anderson
- * Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- * Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,† Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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17
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Yu SJ, Jiang R, Mazzu YZ, Wei CB, Sun ZL, Zhang YZ, Zhou LD, Zhang QH. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Prevents Triptolide-Induced Hepatic Injury by Restoring the Th17/Treg Balance in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:1221-1236. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the most common cause of acute liver failure. Disruption of the Th17/Treg balance can lead to hepatic inflammation, which causes the main symptoms of DILI. Here we investigate the protective mechanisms of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on triptolide (TP)-induced DILI that shows the Th17/Treg imbalance. Pretreatment with EGCG (5[Formula: see text]mg/kg) for 10 days before TP (0.5[Formula: see text]mg/kg) administration in mice significantly reduced the increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level ([Formula: see text]) induced by TP treatment. The hepatic histology analysis further proved that EGCG protected mice from TP-induced liver injury. The imbalance of Th17/Treg was induced by TP treatment, as shown by the upregulation of TLR4 and downregulation of Tim3 expression. EGCG pretreatment can maintain the expression of TLR4 and Tim3 at normal levels to restore the Th17/Treg imbalance. In addition, EGCG can block the TP-induced expression of the downstream targets of TLR4, including MyD88, NF[Formula: see text]B, and retinoid related orphan receptor (ROR-[Formula: see text]t), while EGCG can restore the TP inhibition of forkhead/winged-helix family transcriptional repressor p3 (FoxP3) that is the downstream target of Tim3. Consequently, EGCG pretreatment can effectively inhibit the Th17-related pro-inflammatory cytokine (e.g. IL-17 and IL-6) upregulation induced by TP treatment. However, TP inhibition of Treg-related anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 production was restored by EGCG pretreatment. Taken together, these results suggest that EGCG possesses significant protective properties against TP-induced hepatic inflammatory injury, and that these properties are carried out via the restoration of the Th17/Treg imbalance by the inhibition of the TLR4 signaling pathway and the enhanced activation of the Tim3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jing Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Shazheng Avenue, No. 174, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Rong Jiang
- College of Basic Medical, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Yixueyuan Avenue, No. 1, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ying Z. Mazzu
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, York Avenue, 1275, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Cai-Bing Wei
- College of Basic Medical, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Yixueyuan Avenue, No. 1, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zong-Liang Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Shazheng Avenue, No. 174, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Zhen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Shazheng Avenue, No. 174, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Lian-Di Zhou
- College of Basic Medical, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Yixueyuan Avenue, No. 1, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Hui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Shazheng Avenue, No. 174, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
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18
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Chen XJ, Qiu JF, Wang YT, Wan JB. Discrimination of Three Panax Species Based on Differences in Volatile Organic Compounds Using a Static Headspace GC-MS-Based Metabolomics Approach. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:663-676. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Panax ginseng (Asian ginseng), Panax quinquefolium (American ginseng) and Panax notoginseng (notoginseng) are highly valuable tonic herbs derived from the Panax genus that have similar morphological appearances and odors but different pharmacological activities and clinical indications. Thus, the authentication of these three Panax species is crucial for ensuring the quality, safety and efficacy of medication. In the present study, a static headspace gas chromatography — mass spectrometry (GC-MS) followed by a multivariate statistical analysis was developed to globally characterize the volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles in P. ginseng, P. quinquefolium, and P. notoginseng, and subsequently to discover differentiating chemical markers. Under the optimized conditions, the headspace VOCs of a total of 49 batches of Panax herbs derived from the three Panax species were profiled, and the dataset of sample code, [Formula: see text]-m/z pair and ion intensity was processed by unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and by supervised partial least squared discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to comprehensively compare the chemical differences in Panax across the species. The results demonstrated that Panax herbs derived from three species possess obviously diverse chemical characteristics of VOCs, PCA, and PLS-DA. According to their VOC profiles, 49 tested samples could be clearly differentiated according to species. Chemomarker 1, 2, and 4 might be used as unique chemical markers of P. ginseng, P. notoginseng and P. quinquefolium, respectively. Our findings indicate that static headspace GC-MS-based VOC profiling, combined with multivariate statistical analysis, provide a reliable tool to discriminate between the three Panax species and to identify their differentiation markers, which will be helpful for ensuring their quality, safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Feng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, P. R. China
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19
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Liu F, Bai X, Ding RB, Hu YJ, Su H, Wan JB. UPLC/Q-TOFMS-Based Metabolomics Studies on the Protective Effect of Panax notoginseng Saponins on Alcoholic Liver Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:695-714. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Consistent, excessive alcohol consumption leads to liver injury. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the possible efficacy of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) against chronic alcohol-induced liver injury using LC-MS-based urinary metabolomics. Mice were fed a Lieber–DeCarli liquid diet containing alcohol or isocaloric maltose dextrin as a control diet with or without PNS (200 mg/kg/BW) for 4 weeks. Treatment with PNS significantly reduced the increases in plasma ALT and AST levels, hepatic levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), which induced by chronic alcohol exposure. Conversely, PNS was also found to restore the glutathione (GSH) depletion and increase the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. The end-point urine sample of each mouse was collected overnight (24 h) in metabolic cages and their metabolic profiling changes were analyzed using UPLC/Q-TOFMS followed by multivariate statistical analysis. After 4 week of Lieber–DeCarli alcohol diet feeding, the metabolic profile experienced great perturbation in PCA score plot, and the treatment of PNS could assist to regulate the disturbed metabolic profile induced by alcohol exposure. Additionally, sixteen potential biomarkers responsible for derivations of the metabolic profile induced by alcohol exposure were identified, and the alcohol-induced changes in these biomarkers, except hexanoylglycine, could be partially or nearly reversed by PNS treatment. Taken together, PNS protects against chronic alcohol-induced liver injury. Our findings demonstrated that the LC-MS-based metabolomics approach is a useful tool to investigate the efficacy of Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, P. R. China
| | - Xu Bai
- Waters Technologies (Shanghai) Ltd., Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Bo Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Jia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, P. R. China
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, P. R. China
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