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Xu W, Wang H, Sun Q, Hua T, Bai J, Zhang Q, Liu Q, Ni X. TXNIP-NLRP3-GSDMD axis-mediated inflammation and pyroptosis of islet β-cells is involved in cigarette smoke-induced hyperglycemia, which is alleviated by andrographolide. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:1415-1428. [PMID: 37987454 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic surveys have indicated that cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for diabetes, but its mechanisms remain unclear. Andrographolide, an herb traditionally utilized in medicine, provides anti-inflammatory benefits for various diseases. In the present work, 265 patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) were investigated, and male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to cigareete smoke (CS) and/or to intraperitoneally injected andrographolide for 3 months. To elucidate the mechanism of CS-induced hyperglycemia and the protective mechanism of andrographolide, MIN6 cells were exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and/or to andrographolide. Our data from 265 patients with T2D showed that urinary creatinine and serum inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)) increased with smoking pack-years. In a mouse model, CS induced hyperglycemia, decreased insulin secretion, and elevated inflammation and pyroptosis in β-cells of mice. Treatment of mice with andrographolide preserved pancreatic function by reducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines; the expression of TXNIP, NLRP3, cleaved caspase 1, IL-1β; and the N-terminal of gasdermin D (GSDMD) protein. For MIN6 cells, CSE caused increasing secretion of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β, and the expression of TXNIP and pyroptosis-related proteins; however, andrographolide alleviated these changes. Furthermore, silencing of TXNIP showed that the blocking effect of andrographolide may be mediated by TXNIP. In sum, our results indicate that CS induces hyperglycemia through TXNIP-NLRP3-GSDMD axis-mediated inflammation and pyroptosis of islet β-cells and that andrographolide is a potential therapeutic agent for CS-induced hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Xu
- The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
- Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou Advanced Institute of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Environmental health effects and risk assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Sun
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Hua
- Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou Advanced Institute of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Bai
- Environmental health effects and risk assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingbi Zhang
- Environmental health effects and risk assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinye Ni
- The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Liu G, Liu X, Chen M, Zeng Y, Li Y, Wu X, Wang X, Sheng J. Serpentine Enhances Insulin Regulation of Blood Glucose through Insulin Receptor Signaling Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010016. [PMID: 36678512 PMCID: PMC9861791 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin sensitizers targeting insulin receptors (IR) are a potential drug for the treatment of diabetes. Serpentine is an alkaloid component in the root of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. Serpentine screened by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology has the ability to target IR. The objective of this study was to investigate whether serpentine could modulate the role of insulin in regulating blood glucose through insulin receptors in cells and in animal models of diabetes. SPR technology was used to detect the affinity of different concentrations of serpentine with insulin receptors. The Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of key proteins of the insulin signaling pathway in C2C12 cells and 3T3-L1 cells as well as in muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue of diabetic mice after serpentine and insulin treatment. Diabetic mice were divided into four groups and simultaneously injected with insulin or serpentine, and the blood glucose concentration and serum levels of insulin, glucagon, and C-peptide were measured 150 min later. mRNA levels of genes related to lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism in liver, muscle, and subcutaneous adipose tissue were detected by RT-PCR. Serpentine was able to bind to the extracellular domain of IR with an affinity of 2.883 × 10-6 M. Serpentine combined with insulin significantly enhanced the ability of insulin to activate the insulin signaling pathway and significantly enhanced the glucose uptake capacity of C2C12 cells. Serpentine enhanced the ability of low-dose insulin (1 nM) and normal-dose insulin (100 nM) to activate the insulin signaling pathway. Serpentine also independently activated AMPK phosphorylation, thus stimulating glucose uptake by C2C12 cells. In high-fat-diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced diabetic mice, serpentine significantly prolonged the hypoglycemic time of insulin, significantly reduced the use of exogenous insulin, and inhibited endogenous insulin secretion. In addition, serpentine alone significantly increased the expression of GSK-3β mRNA in muscle tissue, thus enhancing glucose uptake, and at the same time, serpentine significantly increased glucagon secretion and liver gluconeogenesis. Serpentine enhances the ability of insulin to regulate blood glucose through the insulin receptor, and can also regulate blood glucose alone, but it has a negative regulation mechanism and cannot produce a hypoglycemic effect. Therefore, serpentine may be useful as an insulin sensitizer to assist insulin to lower blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Tea Resources and Processing in Yunnan, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650201, China
- Department of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Guanfu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Tea Resources and Processing in Yunnan, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xutao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Tea Resources and Processing in Yunnan, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Minhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Tea Resources and Processing in Yunnan, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yuping Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Tea Resources and Processing in Yunnan, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yuyan Li
- Department of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Tea Resources and Processing in Yunnan, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650201, China
- Department of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (X.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Xuanjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Tea Resources and Processing in Yunnan, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650201, China
- Yunnan Research Institute for Local Plateau Agriculture and Industry, Kunming 650201, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (X.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Tea Resources and Processing in Yunnan, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650201, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (X.W.); (J.S.)
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Wang DS, Wang JM, Zhang FR, Lei FJ, Wen X, Song J, Sun GZ, Liu Z. Ameliorative Effects of Malonyl Ginsenoside from Panax ginseng on Glucose-Lipid Metabolism and Insulin Resistance via IRS1/PI3K/Akt and AMPK Signaling Pathways in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:863-882. [PMID: 35282802 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study has revealed that malonyl-ginsenosides from Panax ginseng (PG-MGR) play a crucial role in the treatment of T2DM. However, its potential mechanism was still unclear. In this study, we investigated the anti-diabetic mechanisms of action of PG-MGR in high fat diet-fed (HFD) and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and determined the main constituents of PG-MGR responsible for its anti-diabetic effects. Our results showed that 16 malonyl ginsenosides were identified in PG-MGR by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. PG-MGR treatment significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and improved insulin resistance and glucose tolerance. Simultaneously, PG-MGR treatment improved liver injury by decreasing aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) expression. Furthermore, Western blot analysis demonstrated that the protein expression levels of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, p-AMPK/AMPK, p-ACC/ACC and GLUT4 in liver and skeletal muscle were significantly up-regulated after PG-MGR treatment, and the protein expression levels of p-IRS-1/IRS-1, Fas and SREBP-1c were significantly reduced. These findings revealed that PG-MGR has the potential to improve glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin resistance by activating the IRS-1/PI3K/AKT and AMPK signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sheng Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Mei Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Rui Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Jie Lei
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Jia Song
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Zhi Sun
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
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