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Viotti P, Marzeddu S, Antonucci A, Décima MA, Lovascio P, Tatti F, Boni MR. Biochar as Alternative Material for Heavy Metal Adsorption from Groundwaters: Lab-Scale (Column) Experiment Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:809. [PMID: 38399060 PMCID: PMC10890072 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this manuscript is to present a review of laboratory experiments (including methodology and results) that use biochar, a specific carbon obtained by a pyrolysis process from different feedstocks, as an alternative material for heavy metal adsorption from groundwater. In recent years, many studies have been conducted regarding the application of innovative materials to water decontamination to develop a more sustainable approach to remediation processes. The use of biochar for groundwater remediation has particularly attracted the interest of researchers because it permits the reuse of materials that would be otherwise disposed of, in accordance with circular economy, and reduces the generation of greenhouse gases if compared to the use of virgin materials. A review of the different approaches and results reported in the current literature could be useful because when applying remediation technologies at the field scale, a preliminary phase in which the suitability of the adsorbent is evaluated at the lab scale is often necessary. This paper is therefore organised with a short description of the involved metals and of the biochar production and composition. A comprehensive analysis of the current knowledge related to the use of biochar in groundwater remediation at the laboratory scale to obtain the characteristic parameters of the process that are necessary for the upscaling of the technology at the field scale is also presented. An overview of the results achieved using different experimental conditions, such as the chemical properties and dosage of biochar as well as heavy metal concentrations with their different values of pH, is reported. At the end, numerical studies useful for the interpretation of the experiment results are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Viotti
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Marzeddu
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Antonucci
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - María Alejandra Décima
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Lovascio
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Tatti
- National Centre of Waste and Circular Economy, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Boni
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
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Zhao Y, Shi Y, Jin Y, Cao Y, Song H, Chen L, Li F, Li X, Chen W. Evaluating Short-Term and Long-Term Risks Associated with Renal Artery Stenosis Position and Severity: A Hemodynamic Study. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1002. [PMID: 37760104 PMCID: PMC10525140 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10091002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Moderate renal artery stenosis (50-70%) may lead to uncontrolled hypertension and eventually cause irreversible damage to renal function. However, the clinical criteria for interventional treatment are still ambiguous in this condition. This study investigated the impact of the position and degree of renal artery stenosis on hemodynamics near the renal artery to assess the short-term and long-term risks associated with this disease. Methods: Calculation models with different degrees of stenosis (50%, 60%, and 70%) located at different positions in the right renal artery were established based on the computed tomography angiography (CTA) of a personalized case. And computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to analyze hemodynamic surroundings near the renal artery. Results: As the degree of stenosis increases and the stenosis position is far away from the aorta, there is a decrease in renal perfusion. An analysis of the wall shear stress (WSS)-related parameters indicated areas near the renal artery (downstream of the stenosis and the entrance of the right renal artery) with potential long-term risks of thrombosis and inflammation. Conclusion: The position and degree of stenosis play a significant role in judging short-term risks associated with renal perfusion. Moreover, clinicians should consider not only short-term risks but also independent long-term risk factors, such as certain regions of 50% stenosis with adequate renal perfusion may necessitate prompt intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Zhao
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.J.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Yike Shi
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.J.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Yusheng Jin
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.J.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Yifan Cao
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.J.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Hui Song
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Lingfeng Chen
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.J.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Fen Li
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.J.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Weiyi Chen
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.J.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.C.)
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Souffit GD, Mohamadou LL, Guembou Shouop CJ, Beyala Ateba JF. Assessment of trace elements pollution and their potential health risks in the cobalt-nickel bearing areas of Lomié, East Cameroon. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:127. [PMID: 35080663 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09776-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A study of trace elements pollution in the cobalt-nickel mining area of Nkamouna-Kongo (East Region of Cameroon) and their intimation to the risk of human exposure was carried out. A large spatial variability of concentrations was observed in the geochemical analysis of the trace elements in the thirty samples investigated. Trace element pollution in the investigated samples was assessed using the Regional Screening Level calculator of Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the collected sample were analyzed using a SPECTRO XEPOS Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence analyzer (ED-XRF). The trace element concentrations in the analyzed samples followed the following order: Fe > Cr > Mn > Zr > Ni > Ba > Rb > Cu > Zn > Sr > Ga > Pb > Co > Rb > As > Sn. The averages of trace elements contamination factors followed a decreasing order:: Cr > Ni > Fe > As > Co > Cu > Zr > Ga > Pb > Mn > Zn > Y > Rb > Ba > Sn > Sr. Enrichment factor studies revealed that chromium (Cr) was severely enriched (indicating that Cr is the main element of the anthropic load) while elements such as Ni, Ba, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, and Pb were moderately enriched. The associated health risk of human exposure was investigated using the Regional Screening Level of Environmental Protection Agency. It was found out that the carcinogenic risk to the exposed population from ingestion is high (2.5E-03), while the dermal risk is moderate (7.08E-04) and the inhalation risk is low (2.50E-07). The total non-carcinogenic risk from trace elements exposure for adults (HI = 1.5) and children (HI = 1.47E + 01) indicates that non-carcinogenic effects may occur in the vicinity of the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gondji Dieu Souffit
- Nuclear Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Research Centre for Nuclear Science and Technology, Institute of Geological and Mining Research (IRGM), P.O. Box 4110, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Andayesh M, Shahidian A, Ghassemi M. Numerical investigation of renal artery hemodynamics based on the physiological response to renal artery stenosis. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Khan MMR, Mitra T, Sahoo D. Metal oxide QD based ultrasensitive microsphere fluorescent sensor for copper, chromium and iron ions in water. RSC Adv 2020; 10:9512-9524. [PMID: 35497206 PMCID: PMC9050156 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09985a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we developed a rapid, cheap, and water-soluble ultra-sensitive ZnO quantum dot (QD) based metal sensor for detecting different hazardous metal ions up to the picomolar range in water. Various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques confirmed the formation of 2.15 ± 0.46 μm of ZnO QD conjugated CMC microspheres (ZCM microspheres) which contain 5.5 ± 0.5 nm fluorescent zinc oxide (ZnO) QDs. Our system, as a promising sensor, exhibited excellent photostability and affinity towards various heavy metal ions. The detection limits were calculated to be 16 pM for Cu2+ and 0.18 nM for Cr6+ ions which are better than previously reported values. The simple fluorescence 'turn off' property of our ZCM microsphere sensor system can serve a two-in-one purpose by not only detecting the heavy metals but also quantifying them. Nonetheless, pattern recognition for different heavy metals helped us to detect and identify multiple heavy metal ions. Finally, their practical applications on real samples also demonstrated that the ZCM sensor can be effectively utilized for detection of Cr6+, Fe3+, Cu2+ present in the real water samples. This study may inspire future research and design of target fluorescent metal oxide QDs with specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Motiar R Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta Kolkata-700019 India
| | - Tapas Mitra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta Kolkata-700019 India
| | - Dibakar Sahoo
- School of Physics, Sambalpur University Jyoti Vihar Burla Odisha 768019 India
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