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Lee JK, Huwe LW, Paschos N, Aryaei A, Gegg CA, Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. Tension stimulation drives tissue formation in scaffold-free systems. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:864-873. [PMID: 28604717 PMCID: PMC5532069 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Scaffold-free systems have emerged as viable approaches for engineering load-bearing tissues. However, the tensile properties of engineered tissues have remained far below the values for native tissue. Here, by using self-assembled articular cartilage as a model to examine the effects of intermittent and continuous tension stimulation on tissue formation, we show that the application of tension alone, or in combination with matrix remodelling and synthesis agents, leads to neocartilage with tensile properties approaching those of native tissue. Implantation of tension-stimulated tissues results in neotissues that are morphologically reminiscent of native cartilage. We also show that tension stimulation can be translated to a human cell source to generate anisotropic human neocartilage with enhanced tensile properties. Tension stimulation, which results in nearly sixfold improvements in tensile properties over unstimulated controls, may allow the engineering of mechanically robust biological replacements of native tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Le W. Huwe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Nikolaos Paschos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ashkan Aryaei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Courtney A. Gegg
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Jerry C. Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Kyriacos A. Athanasiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed to: KA Athanasiou, Tel.: (530) 754-6645, Fax: (530) 754-5739, , Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Moradi L, Vasei M, Dehghan MM, Majidi M, Farzad Mohajeri S, Bonakdar S. Regeneration of meniscus tissue using adipose mesenchymal stem cells-chondrocytes co-culture on a hybrid scaffold: In vivo study. Biomaterials 2017; 126:18-30. [PMID: 28242519 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The meniscus has poor intrinsic regenerative capacity and its damage inevitably leads to articular cartilage degeneration. We focused on evaluating the effects of Polyvinyl alcohol/Chitosan (PVA/Ch) scaffold seeded by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC) and articular chondrocytes (AC) in meniscus regeneration. The PVA/Ch scaffolds with different molar contents of Ch (Ch1, Ch2, Ch4 and Ch8) were cross-linked by pre-polyurethane chains. By increasing amount of Ch tensile modulus was increased from 83.51 MPa for Ch1 to 110 MPa for Ch8 while toughness showed decrease from 0.33 mJ/mm3 in Ch1 to 0.11 mJ/mm3 in Ch8 constructs. Moreover, swelling ratio and degradation rate increased with an increase in Ch amount. Scanning electron microscopy imaging was performed for pore size measurement and cell attachment. At day 21, Ch4 construct seeded by AC showed the highest expression with 24.3 and 22.64 folds increase in collagen II and aggrecan (p ≤ 0.05), respectively. Since, the mechanical properties, water uptake and degradation rate of Ch4 and Ch8 compositions had no statistically significant differences, Ch4 was selected for in vivo study. New Zealand rabbits were underwent unilateral total medial meniscectomy and AC/scaffold, ASC/scaffold, AC-ASC (co-culture)/scaffold and cell-free scaffold were engrafted. At 7 months post-implantation, macroscopic, histologic, and immunofluorescent studies for regenerated meniscus revealed better results in AC/scaffold group followed by AC-ASC/scaffold and ASC/scaffold groups. In the cell-free scaffold group, there was no obvious meniscus regeneration. Articular cartilages were best preserved in AC/scaffold group. The best histological score was observed in AC/scaffold group. Our results support that Ch4 scaffold seeded by AC alone can successfully regenerate meniscus in tearing injury and ASC has no significant contribution in the healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Moradi
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Vasei
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Digestive Disease Research Institute (DDRI), Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad M Dehghan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Majidi
- National Cell Bank Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Farzad Mohajeri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Bonakdar
- National Cell Bank Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Muzzarelli RAA, Greco F, Busilacchi A, Sollazzo V, Gigante A. Chitosan, hyaluronan and chondroitin sulfate in tissue engineering for cartilage regeneration: a review. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 89:723-39. [PMID: 24750856 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Injection of hyaluronan into osteoarthritic joints restores the viscoelasticity, augments the flow of joint fluid, normalizes endogenous hyaluronan synthesis, and improves joint function. Chitosan easily forms polyelectrolyte complexes with hyaluronan and chondroitin sulfate. Synergy of chitosan with hyaluronan develops enhanced performances in regenerating hyaline cartilage, typical results being structural integrity of the hyaline-like neocartilage, and reconstitution of the subchondral bone, with positive cartilage staining for collagen-II and GAG in the treated sites. Chitosan qualifies for the preparation of scaffolds intended for the regeneration of cartilage: it yields mesoporous cryogels; it provides a friendly environment for chondrocytes to propagate, produce typical ECM, and assume the convenient phenotype; it is a good carrier for growth factors; it inactivates metalloproteinases thus preventing collagen degradation; it is suitable for the induction of the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells; it is a potent means for hemostasis and platelet delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo A A Muzzarelli
- Clinical Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Polytechnic University Delle Marche, Via Tronto 10-A, IT-60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Greco
- Clinical Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Polytechnic University Delle Marche, Via Tronto 10-A, IT-60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Alberto Busilacchi
- Clinical Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Polytechnic University Delle Marche, Via Tronto 10-A, IT-60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Sollazzo
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Ferrara, Corso Giovecca 203, IT-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonio Gigante
- Clinical Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Polytechnic University Delle Marche, Via Tronto 10-A, IT-60126 Ancona, Italy
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