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KONG PUIWAH, PAN JINGWEN, FONG DANIELTP, LEOW YIXUAN, LIU YIMIN, CHAN CHICHIU, HENG MARABELLELIWEN. WITHIN-DAY AND BETWEEN-DAY RELIABILITY OF A FBG-BASED SMART SOCK SYSTEM FOR MEASURING ACTIVE TOE FLEXION DISPLACEMENT OF THE HALLUX. J MECH MED BIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519421500573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the test-retest reliability of hallux flexion displacement measured using a smart sock system with embedded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. Thirty female participants consisting of 15 hallux valgus (HV) patients and 15 control participants were recruited. Maximum active hallux flexion displacement was measured twice on each participant in the first visit; the same procedures were repeated 7 days later. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,1) and standard error of measurement (SEM) were applied to test within-day and between-day reliability. Paired-samples T-test was performed to compare the displacements between trials. Results showed almost perfect within-day reliability for both HV and control groups ([Formula: see text] and 0.977, respectively) with small SEM (both 0.5[Formula: see text]cm). However, fair to moderate between-day reliability was found (0.323 and 0.438, respectively). Significant differences were found between repeated measurements taken on the same day (mean [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm, [Formula: see text]) and on different days (mean [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm, [Formula: see text]), though the effect size was small. The poorer between-day reliability is likely due to the inconsistency in fitting the sock onto the foot. Future optimization of the prototype design is called for to improve the fitting consistency of wearable sensors onto patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- PUI WAH KONG
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technology University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - JING WEN PAN
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technology University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - DANIEL T. P. FONG
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK
| | - YIXUAN LEOW
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - YIMIN LIU
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - CHI CHIU CHAN
- Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - MARABELLE LI-WEN HENG
- Podiatry Department, Singapore General Hospital, Diabetes & Metabolism Centre, 17 Third Hospital Avenue Singapore 168752, Singapore
- School of Human Performance & Allied Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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