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Kataoka T, Liu Z, Yamada I, Galindo TGP, Tagaya M. Surface functionalization of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:6805-6826. [PMID: 38919049 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00551a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
This review completely covers the various aspects of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles and their role in different biological situations, and provides the surface and interface contents on (i) hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and their hybridization with organic molecules, (ii) surface designing of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles to provide their biocompatibility and photofunction, and (iii) coating technology of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. In particular, we summarized how the HAp nanoparticles interact with the different ions and molecules and highlighted the potential for hybridization between HAp nanoparticles and organic molecules, which is driven by the interactions of the HAp nanoparticle surface ions with several functional groups of biological molecules. In addition, we highlighted the studies focusing on the interfacial interactions between the HAp nanoparticles and proteins for exploring the enhanced biocompatibility. Such studies focus on how these interactions affect the hydration layers and protein adsorption. However, the hydration layer state involves diverse molecular interactions that can alter the shape of the adsorbed proteins, thereby affecting cell adhesion and spreading on the surfaces. We also summarized the relationship between the surface properties of the HAp nanoparticles and the hydration layer. Furthermore, we spotlighted the cytocompatible photoluminescent probes that can be developed by designing HAp/organic nanohybrid structures. We then emphasized the importance of photofunctionalization in theranostics, which involves the integration of diagnostics and therapy based on the surface design of the HAp nanoparticles. Furthermore, the coating techniques using HAp nanoparticles and HAp nanoparticle/polymer composites were outlined for fusing base biomaterials with biological tissues. The advantages of HAp/biocompatible polymer composite coatings include the ability to effectively cover porous or irregularly shaped surfaces while controlling the thickness of the coating layer, and the addition of HAp nanoparticles to the polymer matrix improves the mechanical properties, increases the roughness, and forms the morphologies that mimic bone nanostructures. Therefore, the fundamental design of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and their surfaces was suggested from various aspects for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kataoka
- Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Zizhen Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan.
- Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (DC), 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Iori Yamada
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan.
| | - Tania Guadalupe Peñaflor Galindo
- Department of General Education, National Institute of Technology, Nagaoka College, 888 Nishikatakai, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-8532, Japan
| | - Motohiro Tagaya
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan.
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Ahmad K, Batool SA, Farooq MT, Minhas B, Manzur J, Yasir M, Wadood A, Avcu E, Ur Rehman MA. Corrosion, surface, and tribological behavior of electrophoretically deposited polyether ether ketone coatings on 316L stainless steel for orthopedic applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 148:106188. [PMID: 37856992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) coatings on metallic implants has recently attracted a great deal of interest; however, further investigation into their corrosion, surface, and tribological properties is required for their clinical application. Using Potentiodynamic polarization and Mott-Schottky analysis of PEEK coatings, we analyzed the electrochemical corrosion behavior of electrophoretically deposited PEEK coatings on 316L stainless steel (SS) substrates. In addition, the tribological behavior of the coatings was determined through pin-on-disc and scratch testing. Initially, the EPD parameters were optimized using a Taguchi Design of Experiment (DoE) approach. The coatings exhibited irregular shaped grains along with ∼66 μm of thickness. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of functional groups ascribed with PEEK. The coatings were moderately hydrophobic and had an average roughness of ∼2 μm. The corrosion studies demonstrated promising features of current density and corrosion potential, indicating that corrosion resistance significantly improves with PEEK coating. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy also confirmed the corrosion resistance of PEEK coating. The coatings exhibited a slightly lower wear resistance than SS samples, but still possessed adequate wear and scratch resistance for biomedical applications. The current study confirmed that the PEEK coatings on metallic implants is effective for orthopedic applications where corrosion and tribology are major concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Ahmad
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Institute of Space Technology Islamabad, Islamabad Highway, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Ammara Batool
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Institute of Space Technology Islamabad, Islamabad Highway, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir Farooq
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Institute of Space Technology Islamabad, Islamabad Highway, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Badar Minhas
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Institute of Space Technology Islamabad, Islamabad Highway, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Jawad Manzur
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Institute of Space Technology Islamabad, Islamabad Highway, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Institute of Space Technology Islamabad, Islamabad Highway, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Institute of Space Technology Islamabad, Islamabad Highway, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Egemen Avcu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, 41001, Turkey; Ford Otosan Ihsaniye Automotive Vocational School, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, 41650, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Institute of Space Technology Islamabad, Islamabad Highway, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
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Kumari S, Tiyyagura HR, Pottathara YB, Sadasivuni KK, Ponnamma D, Douglas TEL, Skirtach AG, Mohan MK. Surface functionalization of chitosan as a coating material for orthopaedic applications: A comprehensive review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 255:117487. [PMID: 33436247 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metallic implants have dominated the biomedical implant industries for the past century for load-bearing applications, while the polymeric implants have shown great promise for tissue engineering applications. The surface properties of such implants are critical as the interaction of implant surfaces, and the body tissues may lead to unfavourable reactions. Desired implant properties are biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and antibacterial activity. A polymer coating is an efficient and economical way to produce such surfaces. A lot of research has been carried out on chitosan (CS)-modified metallic and polymer scaffolds in the last decade. Different methods such as electrophoretic deposition, sol-gel methods, dip coating and spin coating, electrospinning, etc. have been utilized to produce CS coatings. However, a systematic review of chitosan coatings on scaffolds focussing on widely employed techniques is lacking. This review surveys literature concerning the current status of orthopaedic applications of CS for the purpose of coatings. In this review, the various preparation methods of coating, and the role of the surface functionalities in determining the efficiency of coatings are discussed. Effect of nanoparticle additions on the polymeric interfaces and in regulating the properties of surface coatings are also investigated in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kumari
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India; Department of Biotechnology, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Hanuma Reddy Tiyyagura
- Alterno Labs d.o.o, Brnčičeva ulica 29, 1231 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, Maribor SI-2000, Slovenia.
| | - Yasir Beeran Pottathara
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, Maribor SI-2000, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | - Andre G Skirtach
- Department of Biotechnology, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - M K Mohan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India.
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Biomimetic vs. Direct Approach to Deposit Hydroxyapatite on the Surface of Low Melting Point Polymers for Tissue Engineering. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10112162. [PMID: 33138141 PMCID: PMC7693928 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Polymers are widely used in many applications in the field of biomedical engineering. Among eclectic selections of polymers, those with low melting temperature (Tm < 200 °C), such as poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), or polyethylene, are often used in bone, dental, maxillofacial, and corneal tissue engineering as substrates or scaffolds. These polymers, however, are bioinert, have a lack of reactive surface functional groups, and have poor wettability, affecting their ability to promote cellular functions and biointegration with the surrounding tissue. Improving the biointegration can be achieved by depositing hydroxyapatite (HAp) on the polymeric substrates. Conventional thermal spray and vapor phase coating, including the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved plasma spray technique, is not suitable for application on the low Tm polymers due to the high processing temperature, reaching more than 1000 °C. Two non-thermal HAp coating approaches have been described in the literature, namely, the biomimetic deposition and direct nanoparticle immobilization techniques. In the current review, we elaborate on the unique features of each technique, followed by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of each technique to help readers decide on which method is more suitable for their intended applications. Finally, the future perspectives of the non-thermal HAp coating are given in the conclusion.
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Touny AH, Saleh MM, Abd El-Lateef HM, Saleh MM. Electrochemical methods for fabrication of polymers/calcium phosphates nanocomposites as hard tissue implants. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2019; 6. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5045339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Developing and manipulating new biomaterials is an ongoing topic for their needs in medical uses. The evolution and development of new biomaterials, in both the academic and industrial sectors, have been encouraged due to the dramatic improvement in medicine and medical-related technologies. Due to the drawbacks associated with natural biomaterials, the use of synthetic biomaterials is preferential due to basic and applied aspects. Various techniques are involved in fabricating biomaterials. Among them are the electrochemical-based methods, which include electrodeposition and electrophoretic methods. Although electrospinning and electrospraying are not typical electrochemical methods, they are also reviewed in this article due to their importance. Many remarkable features can be acquired from this technique. Electrodeposition and electrophoretic deposition are exceptional and valuable processes for fabricating thin or thick coated films on a surface of metallic implants. Electrodeposition and electrophoretic deposition have some common positive features. They can be used at low temperatures, do not affect the structure of the implant, and can be applied to complex shapes, and they can produce superior properties, such as quick and uniform coating. Furthermore, they can possibly control the thickness and chemical composition of the coatings. Electrospinning is a potentially emerging and efficient process for producing materials with nanofibrous structures, which have exceptional characteristics such as mechanical properties, pore size, and superior surface area. These specialized characteristics induce these nanostructured materials to be used in different technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. Touny
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University 1 , Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University 2 , Helwan, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Saleh
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine 3 , Winston Salem, North Carolina 27103, USA
| | - Hany M. Abd El-Lateef
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University 1 , Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Sohag University 4 , Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M. Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University 5 , Cairo, Egypt
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Electrophoretic co-deposition of PEEK-hydroxyapatite composite coatings for biomedical applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 169:176-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Electrophoretic deposition of composite chitosan–halloysite nanotube–hydroxyapatite films. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Boccaccini AR, Keim S, Ma R, Li Y, Zhitomirsky I. Electrophoretic deposition of biomaterials. J R Soc Interface 2010; 7 Suppl 5:S581-613. [PMID: 20504802 PMCID: PMC2952181 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2010.0156.focus] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is attracting increasing attention as an effective technique for the processing of biomaterials, specifically bioactive coatings and biomedical nanostructures. The well-known advantages of EPD for the production of a wide range of microstructures and nanostructures as well as unique and complex material combinations are being exploited, starting from well-dispersed suspensions of biomaterials in particulate form (microsized and nanoscale particles, nanotubes, nanoplatelets). EPD of biological entities such as enzymes, bacteria and cells is also being investigated. The review presents a comprehensive summary and discussion of relevant recent work on EPD describing the specific application of the technique in the processing of several biomaterials, focusing on (i) conventional bioactive (inorganic) coatings, e.g. hydroxyapatite or bioactive glass coatings on orthopaedic implants, and (ii) biomedical nanostructures, including biopolymer-ceramic nanocomposites, carbon nanotube coatings, tissue engineering scaffolds, deposition of proteins and other biological entities for sensors and advanced functional coatings. It is the intention to inform the reader on how EPD has become an important tool in advanced biomaterials processing, as a convenient alternative to conventional methods, and to present the potential of the technique to manipulate and control the deposition of a range of nanomaterials of interest in the biomedical and biotechnology fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Xiao X, Liu R, Tang X. Electrophoretic deposition of silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite/poly(epsilon-caprolactone) composite coatings. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2009; 20:691-697. [PMID: 18949536 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-008-3619-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite/poly(epsilon-caprolactone) composite coatings were prepared on titanium substrate by electrophoretic deposition in n-butanol and chloroform mixture. The effect of the concentration of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) in suspension on the morphology and the microstructure of coatings were investigated, furthermore, the thermal behavior and in vitro bioactivity were also investigated. The results show that the coarse and accidented silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite/poly(epsilon-caprolactone) composite coatings were obtained by electrophoretic deposition when the concentration of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) in suspension was 6-16 g/l. The adsorption of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) on the surface of Si-HA particles hinders the electrophoretic deposition of Si-HA. The shear-testing experiments indicated that the addition of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) in suspension is in favor of improving the bonding strength of the coatings. After immersion in simulated body fluid for 8 days, silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite/poly(epsilon-caprolactone) composite coatings have the ability to induce the bone-like apatite formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
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Pang X, Casagrande T, Zhitomirsky I. Electrophoretic deposition of hydroxyapatite–CaSiO3–chitosan composite coatings. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 330:323-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2008] [Revised: 10/25/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Payne GF, Raghavan SR. Chitosan: a soft interconnect for hierarchical assembly of nano-scale components. SOFT MATTER 2007; 3:521-527. [PMID: 32900013 DOI: 10.1039/b613872a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Traditional microfabrication has tremendous capabilities for imparting order to hard materials (e.g., silicon wafers) over a range of length scales. However, conventional microfabrication does not provide the means to assemble pre-formed nano-scale components into higher-ordered structures. We believe the aminopolysaccharide chitosan possesses a unique set of properties that enable it to serve as a length-scale interconnect for the hierarchical assembly of nano-scale components into macro-scale systems. The primary amines (atomic length scale) of the glucosamine repeating units (molecular length scale) provide sites to connect pre-formed or self-assembled nano-scale components to the polysaccharide backbone (macromolecular length scale). Connections to the backbone can be formed by exploiting the electrostatic, nucleophilic, or metal-binding capabilities of the glucosamine residues. Chitosan's film-forming properties provide the means for assembly at micron-to-centimetre lengths (supramolecular length scales). In addition to interconnecting length scales, chitosan's capabilities may also be uniquely-suited as a soft component-hard device interconnect. In particular, chitosan's film formation can be induced under mild aqueous conditions in response to localized electrical signals that can be imposed from microfabricated surfaces. This capability allows chitosan to assemble soft nano-scale components (e.g., proteins, vesicles, and virus particles) at specific electrode addresses on chips and in microfluidic devices. Thus, we envision the potential that chitosan may emerge as an integral material for soft matter (bio)fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory F Payne
- Center for Biosystems Research, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 5115 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Srinivasa R Raghavan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Zhu C, Wu LQ, Wang X, Lee JH, English DS, Ghodssi R, Raghavan SR, Payne GF. Reversible vesicle restraint in response to spatiotemporally controlled electrical signals: a bridge between electrical and chemical signaling modes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:286-91. [PMID: 17190516 DOI: 10.1021/la061421i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Microelectronic devices employ electrons for signaling whereas the nervous system signals using ions and chemicals. Bridging these signaling differences would benefit applications that range from biosensing to neuroprosthetics. Here, we report the use of localized electrical signals to perform an operation common to chemical signaling in the nervous system. Specifically, we employ electrical signals to restrain vesicles reversibly. We perform this operation using the stimuli-responsive aminopolysaccharide chitosan that is able to electrodeposit onto cathode surfaces in response to localized electrical stimuli. We show that surfactant-vesicles and liposomes can be co-deposited with chitosan and are entrapped (i.e., restrained) within the deposited film's matrix. Vesicle co-deposition could be controlled spatially and temporally using microfabricated wafers with independent electrode addresses. Finally, we show that vesicles restrained within the deposited chitosan matrix can be mobilized under mildly acidic conditions (pH <6.5) that resolubilize chitosan. Potentially, the ability to restrain and mobilize chemical signals that are segregated within vesicles may allow microfluidic systems to access the rich diversity offered by chemical signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhu
- Center for Biosystems Research, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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