1
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Parker GL, Van Lommel R, Roig N, Alonso M, Chaplin AB. Modulation of Metal Carbonyl Stretching Frequencies in the Second Coordination Sphere through the Internal Stark Effect. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202283. [PMID: 36082961 PMCID: PMC10092048 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopic and computational examination of a homologous series of rhodium(I) pybox carbonyl complexes has revealed a correlation between the conformation of the flanking aryl-substituted oxazoline donors and the carbonyl stretching frequency. This relationship is also observed experimentally for octahedral rhodium(III) and ruthenium(II) variants and cannot be explained through the classical, Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson, interpretation of metal-carbonyl bonding. Instead, these findings are reconciled by local changes in the magnitude of the electric field that is projected along the metal-carbonyl vector: the internal Stark effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma L Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
| | - Ruben Van Lommel
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nil Roig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.,Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mercedes Alonso
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adrian B Chaplin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
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2
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Han J, Grofe A, Gao J. Variational Energy Decomposition Analysis of Charge-Transfer Interactions between Metals and Ligands in Carbonyl Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:14060-14071. [PMID: 34460236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Variational energy decomposition analyses have been presented to quantify the σ-dative, ligand-to-metal forward charge transfer (CT) and the π-conjugative, metal-to-ligand backward charge delocalization on a series of isolelectronic transition-metal carbonyl complexes M(CO)6, including M = Ti2-, V-, Cr, Mn+, and Fe2+. Although the qualitative features of these energy terms are understood, well-defined quantitative studies have been scarce. Consistent with early findings, electrostatic and Pauli exchange effects play a key role in σ-donation, resulting in blue shifts in ligand vibrational frequency in the complex geometries. Excluding chemical bonding interactions between the CO ligand and the metal fragments in the energy decomposition analysis, we found that loosely bound electrostatic complexes can be formed at a longer metal-to-ligand distance due to the exponential decay of Pauli exchange. In all complexes, the overall binding stabilization can be attributed to CT effects, with opposing trends between σ-donation and π-back bonding that follows an order of Ti2- (4.4) > V1- (2.6) > Cr (1.5) > Mn1+ (1.1) > Fe2+ (0.5) in π-to-σ CT ratio. These electronic and energetic features are mirrored in the vibrational frequency shifts induced by different factors. The present investigation may help stimulate the use of energy decomposition techniques to understand the structure and activity of metallocatalysts using density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Han
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, China
| | - Adam Grofe
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, China.,Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiali Gao
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Beijing University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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3
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Frenking G, Fernández I, Holzmann N, Pan S, Krossing I, Zhou M. Metal-CO Bonding in Mononuclear Transition Metal Carbonyl Complexes. JACS AU 2021; 1:623-645. [PMID: 34467324 PMCID: PMC8395605 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
DFT calculations have been carried out for coordinatively saturated neutral and charged carbonyl complexes [M(CO) n ] q where M is a metal atom of groups 2-10. The model compounds M(CO)2 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) and the experimentally observed [Ba(CO)]+ were also studied. The bonding situation has been analyzed with a variety of charge and energy partitioning approaches. It is shown that the Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson model in terms of M ← CO σ-donation and M → CO π-backdonation is a valid approach to explain the M-CO bonds and the trend of the CO stretching frequencies. The carbonyl ligands of the neutral complexes carry a negative charge, and the polarity of the M-CO bonds increases for the less electronegative metals, which is particularly strong for the group 4 and group 2 atoms. The NBO method delivers an unrealistic charge distribution in the carbonyl complexes, while the AIM approach gives physically reasonable partial charges that are consistent with the EDA-NOCV calculations and with the trend of the C-O stretching frequencies. The AdNDP method provides delocalized MOs which are very useful models for the carbonyl complexes. Deep insight into the nature of the metal-CO bonds and quantitative information about the strength of the [M] ← (CO)8 σ-donation and [M(d)] → (CO)8 π-backdonation visualized by the deformation densities are provided by the EDA-NOCV method. The large polarity of the M-CO π orbitals toward the CO end in the alkaline earth octacarbonyls M(CO)8 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) leads to small values for the delocalization indices δ(M-C) and δ(M···O) and significant overlap between adjacent CO groups, but the origin of the charge migration and the associated red-shift of the C-O stretching frequencies is the [M(d)] → (CO)8 π-backdonation. The heavier alkaline earth metals calcium, strontium and barium use their s/d valence orbitals for covalent bonding. They are therefore to be assigned to the transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Frenking
- Institute
of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias
Químicas, Universidad Complutense
de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicole Holzmann
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sudip Pan
- Institute
of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy
Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative
Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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4
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van der Lubbe SCC, Vermeeren P, Fonseca Guerra C, Bickelhaupt FM. The Nature of Nonclassical Carbonyl Ligands Explained by Kohn-Sham Molecular Orbital Theory. Chemistry 2020; 26:15690-15699. [PMID: 33045113 PMCID: PMC7756819 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
When carbonyl ligands coordinate to transition metals, their bond distance either increases (classical) or decreases (nonclassical) with respect to the bond length in the isolated CO molecule. C−O expansion can easily be understood by π‐back‐donation, which results in a population of the CO's π*‐antibonding orbital and hence a weakening of its bond. Nonclassical carbonyl ligands are less straightforward to explain, and their nature is still subject of an ongoing debate. In this work, we studied five isoelectronic octahedral complexes, namely Fe(CO)62+, Mn(CO)6+, Cr(CO)6, V(CO)6− and Ti(CO)62−, at the ZORA‐BLYP/TZ2P level of theory to explain this nonclassical behavior in the framework of Kohn–Sham molecular orbital theory. We show that there are two competing forces that affect the C−O bond length, namely electrostatic interactions (favoring C−O contraction) and π‐back‐donation (favoring C−O expansion). It is a balance between those two terms that determines whether the carbonyl is classical or nonclassical. By further decomposing the electrostatic interaction ΔVelstat into four fundamental terms, we are able to rationalize why ΔVelstat gives rise to the nonclassical behavior, leading to new insights into the driving forces behind C−O contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C C van der Lubbe
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of, Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Amsterdam Center of, Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Vermeeren
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of, Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Amsterdam Center of, Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Célia Fonseca Guerra
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of, Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Amsterdam Center of, Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333, CD, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - F Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of, Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Amsterdam Center of, Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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5
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Loipersberger M, Mao Y, Head-Gordon M. Variational Forward–Backward Charge Transfer Analysis Based on Absolutely Localized Molecular Orbitals: Energetics and Molecular Properties. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:1073-1089. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Loipersberger
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yuezhi Mao
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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6
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Ramler J, Poater J, Hirsch F, Ritschel B, Fischer I, Bickelhaupt FM, Lichtenberg C. Carbon monoxide insertion at a heavy p-block element: unprecedented formation of a cationic bismuth carbamoyl. Chem Sci 2019; 10:4169-4176. [PMID: 31057745 PMCID: PMC6471928 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00278b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Major advances in the chemistry of 5th and 6th row heavy p-block element compounds have recently uncovered intriguing reactivity patterns towards small molecules such as H2, CO2, and ethylene. However, well-defined, homogeneous insertion reactions with carbon monoxide, one of the benchmark substrates in this field, have not been reported to date. We demonstrate here, that a cationic bismuth amide undergoes facile insertion of CO into the Bi-N bond under mild conditions. This approach grants direct access to the first cationic bismuth carbamoyl species. Its characterization by NMR, IR, and UV/vis spectroscopy, elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray analysis, cyclic voltammetry, and DFT calculations revealed intriguing properties, such as a reversible electron transfer at the bismuth center and an absorption feature at 353 nm ascribed to a transition involving σ- and π-type orbitals of the bismuth-carbamoyl functionality. A combined experimental and theoretical approach provided insight into the mechanism of CO insertion. The substrate scope could be extended to isonitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Jordi Poater
- ICREA , Pg. Lluís Companys 23 , 08010 Barcelona , Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona , Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTCUB , Martí i Franquès 1-11 , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Florian Hirsch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Benedikt Ritschel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Ingo Fischer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - F Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , Department of Theoretical Chemistry , Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) , The Netherlands .
- Radboud University , Institute for Molecules and Materials , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
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7
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Sorbelli D, Belpassi L, Tarantelli F, Belanzoni P. Ligand Effect on Bonding in Gold(III) Carbonyl Complexes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:6161-6175. [PMID: 29741374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We quantitatively assess the Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson (DCD) components of the Au(III)-CO bond and the charge density polarization at the CO, in a series of neutral, cationic, and dicationic bis- and monocyclometalated gold(III) complexes via charge-displacement (CD) analysis. A striking feature concerns the very small net electron charge flux from CO to the metal fragment which is unexpectedly stable toward both the charge of the complex and the oxidation state of gold (I, III). All systems exhibit a similar trend for the σ charge rearrangement in the region of the carbonyl bond, where, by contrast, the π back-donation trend variation is large, which is strictly correlated to the change in CO bond distance and the shift in CO stretching frequencies, in close analogy with the gold(I) carbonyl complexes. In the whole series of gold(III) compounds, a large Au(III) ← CO σ donation is measured (from 0.19 to 0.31 electrons), as well as a significant Au(III) → CO π back-donation (from -0.09 to -0.22 electrons), which however is not generally able to completely balance the polarization of the CO π electrons in the direction from oxygen to carbon (C ← O) induced by the presence of the metal fragment [LAu(III)]0/+1/+2. Surprisingly, all the gold(III) complexes in the series are characterized by a very small anisotropy in the Au(III) → CO in-plane and out-of-plane π back-donation components, in sharp contrast with the marked anisotropy found before for the experimentally characterized [(C^N^C)Au(III)CO]+ complex. A first attempt to figure out a rationale on the bonding/reactivity relationship for Au(III)-CO is made by performing a comparative study with an isostructural [(N^N^C)Pt(II)CO]+ complex in a model water-gas shift (WGS) reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Consortium for Computational Molecular and Materials Sciences (CMS)2 , via Elce di Sotto 8 , I-06123 Perugia , Italy
| | - Francesco Tarantelli
- Consortium for Computational Molecular and Materials Sciences (CMS)2 , via Elce di Sotto 8 , I-06123 Perugia , Italy
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Consortium for Computational Molecular and Materials Sciences (CMS)2 , via Elce di Sotto 8 , I-06123 Perugia , Italy
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8
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Weinhold F, Glendening ED. Comment on “Natural Bond Orbitals and the Nature of the Hydrogen Bond”. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:724-732. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b08165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Weinhold
- Theoretical
Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - E. D. Glendening
- Department
of Chemistry and Physics, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana 47809, United States
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9
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Bistoni G, Rampino S, Scafuri N, Ciancaleoni G, Zuccaccia D, Belpassi L, Tarantelli F. How π back-donation quantitatively controls the CO stretching response in classical and non-classical metal carbonyl complexes. Chem Sci 2016; 7:1174-1184. [PMID: 29910872 PMCID: PMC5975789 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02971f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The CO stretching response upon coordination to a metal M to form [(L) n M(CO)] m complexes (L is an auxiliary ligand) is investigated in relation to the σ donation and π back-donation components of the M-CO bond and to the electrostatic effect exerted by the ligand-metal fragment. Our analysis encompasses over 30 carbonyls, in which the relative importance of donation, back-donation and electrostatics are varied either through the ligand in a series of [(L)Au(CO)]0/+ gold(i) complexes, or through the metal in a series of anionic, neutral and cationic homoleptic carbonyls. Charge-displacement analysis is used to obtain well-defined, consistent measures of σ donation and π back-donation charges, as well as to quantify the σ and π components of CO polarization. It is found that all complexes feature a comparable charge flow of σ symmetry (both in the M-CO bonding region and in the CO fragment itself), which is therefore largely uncorrelated to CO response. By contrast, π back-donation is exceptionally variable and is found to correlate tightly with the change in CO bond distance, with the shift in CO stretching frequency, and with the extent and direction (C → O or C ← O) of the CO π polarization. As a result, we conclusively show that π back-donation can be an important bond component also in non-classical carbonyls and we provide the framework in which the spectroscopic data on coordinated CO can be used to extract quantitative information on the π donor properties of metal-ligand moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bistoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Biologia e Biotecnologie , Università di Perugia , Via Elce di Sotto 8 , 06123 Perugia , Italy
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR , Via Elce di Sotto 8 , 06123 Perugia , Italy . ; ;
| | - Sergio Rampino
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR , Via Elce di Sotto 8 , 06123 Perugia , Italy . ; ;
| | - Nicola Scafuri
- Institut Charles Gerhardt , Université Moltpellier 2 , ENSCM 5253, cc 1501, Place Eugène Bataillon , 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 , France
| | - Gianluca Ciancaleoni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR , Via Elce di Sotto 8 , 06123 Perugia , Italy . ; ;
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Fisica e Ambiente , Via del Cotonificio 108 , 33100 Udine , Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR , Via Elce di Sotto 8 , 06123 Perugia , Italy . ; ;
| | - Francesco Tarantelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Biologia e Biotecnologie , Università di Perugia , Via Elce di Sotto 8 , 06123 Perugia , Italy
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR , Via Elce di Sotto 8 , 06123 Perugia , Italy . ; ;
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10
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Devanny AJ, Baryiames CP, Laperle CM. FTIR investigation of the equilibrium structure of osmium pentacarbonyl in alcohol solvents. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Mo Y, Wang C, Guan L, Braïda B, Hiberty PC, Wu W. On the Nature of Blueshifting Hydrogen Bonds. Chemistry 2014; 20:8444-52. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Glendening ED, Landis CR, Weinhold F. Natural bond orbital methods. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 801] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. Glendening
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA
| | - Clark R. Landis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Frank Weinhold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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13
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Steinmann SN, Corminboeuf C, Wu W, Mo Y. Dispersion-corrected energy decomposition analysis for intermolecular interactions based on the BLW and dDXDM methods. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:5467-77. [PMID: 21557586 DOI: 10.1021/jp202560d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As the simplest variant of the valence bond (VB) theory, the block-localized wave function (BLW) method defines the intermediate electron-localized state self-consistently at the DFT level and can be used to explore the nature of intermolecular interactions in terms of several physically intuitive energy components. Yet, it is unclear how the dispersion interaction affects such a kind of energy decomposition analysis (EDA) as standard density functional approximations neglect the long-range dispersion attractive interactions. Three electron densities corresponding to the initial electron-localized state, optimal electron-localized state, and final electron-delocalized state are involved in the BLW-ED approach; a density-dependent dispersion correction, such as the recently proposed dDXDM approach, can thus uniquely probe the impact of the long-range dispersion effect on EDA results computed at the DFT level. In this paper, we incorporate the dDXDM dispersion corrections into the BLW-ED approach and investigate a range of representative systems such as hydrogen-bonding systems, acid-base pairs, and van der Waals complexes. Results show that both the polarization and charge-transfer energies are little affected by the inclusion of the long-range dispersion effect, which thus can be regarded as an independent energy component in EDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan N Steinmann
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Mo Y, Bao P, Gao J. Energy decomposition analysis based on a block-localized wavefunction and multistate density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:6760-75. [PMID: 21369567 PMCID: PMC3719994 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02206c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An interaction energy decomposition analysis method based on the block-localized wavefunction (BLW-ED) approach is described. The first main feature of the BLW-ED method is that it combines concepts of valence bond and molecular orbital theories such that the intermediate and physically intuitive electron-localized states are variationally optimized by self-consistent field calculations. Furthermore, the block-localization scheme can be used both in wave function theory and in density functional theory, providing a useful tool to gain insights on intermolecular interactions that would otherwise be difficult to obtain using the delocalized Kohn-Sham DFT. These features allow broad applications of the BLW method to energy decomposition (BLW-ED) analysis for intermolecular interactions. In this perspective, we outline theoretical aspects of the BLW-ED method, and illustrate its applications in hydrogen-bonding and π-cation intermolecular interactions as well as metal-carbonyl complexes. Future prospects on the development of a multistate density functional theory (MSDFT) are presented, making use of block-localized electronic states as the basis configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Mo
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA.
| | - Peng Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Smith Hall, Digital Technology Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
| | - Jiali Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Smith Hall, Digital Technology Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S. Cunden
- Department of Chemistry, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, United States
| | - R. G. Linck
- Department of Chemistry, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, United States
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16
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Okabayashi T, Yamamoto T, Okabayashi EY, Tanimoto M. Low-Energy Vibrations of the Group 10 Metal Monocarbonyl MCO (M = Ni, Pd, and Pt): Rotational Spectroscopy and Force Field Analysis. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:1869-77. [DOI: 10.1021/jp110325q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mitsutoshi Tanimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka 259-1293, Japan
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Janusz Grabowski
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) P.K. 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011, Bilbao, Spain
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18
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Fang HC, Li ZH, Fan KN. CO oxidation catalyzed by a single gold atom: benchmark calculations and the performance of DFT methods. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:13358-69. [PMID: 21713266 DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Cheng Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis & Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Gao S, Wu W, Mo Y. The B-H...H-P dihydrogen bonding in ion pair complexes [(CF(3))(3)BH(-)][HPH(3-n)(Me)(n)(+)] (n = 0-3) and its implication in H(2) elimination and activation reactions. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:8108-17. [PMID: 19555090 DOI: 10.1021/jp903059w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The B-H(delta-)...(delta+)H-P dihydrogen bonding (DHB) in ion pair complexes [(CF(3))(3)BH(-)][HPH(3-n)(Me)(n)(+)] (n = 0-3) and its role in the combination of proton and hydride with the release of H(2) or, reversibly, the heterolytic activation of H(2) by Lewis pairs (CF(3))(3)BPH(3-n)(Me)(n) have been theoretically investigated at the MP2 and DFT levels. It is found that the B-H...H-P bonds behave similarly to those in neutral pairs and ion-molecule complexes in most respects, such as the linearity of the H...H-P moiety, the characteristics of the electron transfer and rearrangement, and the topological properties of the DHB critical point, except that in certain cases, a blue-shifting of the H-bond vibrational frequency is observed. In [(CF(3))(3)BH(-)][HPH(3-n)(Me)(n)(+)], the proton shifting within the complexes leads to the formation of the dihydrogen complex B(CF(3))(3)(eta(2)-H(2)), which is followed by a subsequent H(2) release. The stability of B(CF(3))(3)(eta(2)-H(2)) (D(e)/D(0) = 10.8/6.0 kcal/mol) makes the proton-hydride combination proceed in a fashion similar to the protonation reactions in transition-metal hydrides rather than those in group 13 hydrides EH(4)(-) (E = B, Al, Ga). As for the H(2)-splitting reaction R(3)BPR'(3) + H(2) --> [R(3)BH(-)][HPR'(3)(+)], classical Lewis pair (CLP) (CF(3))(3)BPH(3) exhibits a high barrier and results in an unstable ion pair product [(CF(3))(3)BH(-)][HPH(3)(+)] compared with the "frustrated Lewis pair" (FLP) (C(6)F(5))(3)BP(tBu)(3). A detailed analysis of the mechanistic aspects of H(2) activation by (CF(3))(3)BPH(3) and (C(6)F(5))(3)BP(tBu)(3), supported by another CLP (CF(3))(3)BP(tBu)(3) which has a binding energy comparable to (CF(3))(3)BPH(3) but a reaction exothermicity comparable to (C(6)F(5))(3)BP(tBu)(3), allows us to suggest that the low stability of FLP (C(6)F(5))(3)BP(tBu)(3) is the determining factor for the low reaction barrier. The relative stability and other properties of the ion pair products [R(3)BH(-)][HPR'(3)(+)] have also been analyzed. Results strongly support the view proposed by Rokob et al. [ Rokob , T. A. ; Hamza , A. ; Stirling , A. ; Soos , T. ; Papai , I. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2008 , 47 , 2435 ] that the frustration energy lowers the energy barrier and increases the exothermicity of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Mo
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008
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