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Irfan A, Kalam A, Al-Sehemi AG, Dubey M. Investigation of the Effect of Substituents on Electronic and Charge Transport Properties of Benzothiazole Derivatives. Molecules 2022; 27:8672. [PMID: 36557807 PMCID: PMC9781107 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new benzothiazole-derived donor-acceptor-based compounds (Comp1-4) were synthesized and characterized with the objective of tuning their multifunctional properties, i.e., charge transport, electronic, and optical. All the proposed structural formulations (Comp1-4) were commensurate using FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ESI-mass, UV-vis, and elemental analysis techniques. The effects of the electron-donating group (-CH3) and electron-withdrawing group (-NO2) on the optoelectronic and charge transfer properties were studied. The substituent effect on absorption was calculated at the TD-B3LYP/6-31+G** level in the gas and solvent phases. The effect of solvent polarity on the absorption spectra using various polar and nonpolar solvents, i.e., ethanol, acetone, DMF, and DMSO was investigated. Light was shed on the charge transport in benzothiazole compounds by calculating electron affinity, ionization potential, and reorganization energies. Furthermore, the synthesized compounds were used to prepare thin films on the FTO substrate to evaluate the charge carrier mobility and other related device parameters with the help of I-V characteristic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abul Kalam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mrigendra Dubey
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India
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Xie X, Liu X, Zeng D, Zhao L. The Potentials in Solar Cells for
MEH‐PPV
Derivatives: Molecular Design and Performance Prediction. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Xie
- Environmental School of Green and IntelligenceYangtze Normal University Chongqing 408100 People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Liu
- Environmental School of Green and IntelligenceYangtze Normal University Chongqing 408100 People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zeng
- Environmental School of Green and IntelligenceYangtze Normal University Chongqing 408100 People's Republic of China
| | - Longfeng Zhao
- Environmental School of Green and IntelligenceYangtze Normal University Chongqing 408100 People's Republic of China
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Naeem M, Jabeen S, Khera RA, Mubashar U, Iqbal J. Tuning of optoelectronic properties of triphenylamines-based donor materials for organic solar cells. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633619500366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, four molecules have been designed by substituting various acceptor moieties around the triphenylamine donor moiety like 2-cyano acrylic acid (R), 2-methylene malonitrile (M1), 2-cyano acrylic acid methyl ester(M2), 2-(2-methylene-3-oxo-indan-1-ylidene)-malonitrile (M3), 2-(6,7-difluoro-2-methylene-3-oxo-indan-1-ylidene)-malonitrile (M4), respectively. CAM-B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) level of theory by using density functional theory (DFT) has been used for the investigation of optoelectronic properties of four new triphenylamine (TPA)-based donor materials (M1–M4) for organic solar cells. In comparison with the recently reported reference molecule, the optoelectronic properties of designed molecules were evaluated. M4 showed absorption maxima at 520[Formula: see text]nm due to extended conjugation with bridged thiophene group. Results of reorganization energy calculations also favor M4 exhibiting highest transfer rate of hole as depicted from its low reorganization energy of hole ([Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Jabeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Usama Mubashar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Punjab Bio-energy Institute, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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Shkir M, Irfan A, AlFaify S, Ganesh V, Arora M, Muhammad S, Al-Sehemi AG, Yahia I. Key optoelectronic properties of Diiodo-bis(carbamide)-zinc(II): An experimental and computational investigation. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Irfan A, Abbas G. Exploring the Photovoltaic Properties of Metal Bipyridine Complexes (Metal = Fe, Zn, Cr, and Ru) by Density Functional Theory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/zna-2017-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The synthesis and characterisation of mononuclear Fe complexes were carried out by using bipyridine (Compound 1) at ambient conditions. Additionally, three more derivatives were designed by substituting the central Fe metal with Zn, Cr, and Ru (Compound 2, Compound 3, and Compound 4), respectively. The ground state geometry calculations were carried out by using density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6-31G** (LANL2DZ) level of theory. We shed light on the frontier molecular orbitals, electronic properties, photovoltaic parameters, and structure–property relationship. The open-circuit voltage is a promising parameter that considerably affects the photovoltaic performance; thus, we have estimated its value by considering the complexes as donors whereas TiO2 and/or Si were used as acceptors. The solar cell performance behaviour was also studied by shedding light on the band alignment and energy level offset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Irfan
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science , King Khalid University , P.O. Box 9004 , Abha 61413 , Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , King Khalid University , P.O. Box 9004 , Abha 61413 , Saudi Arabia , Tel.: +966-17241-9481, Fax: +966-17241-8426
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Engesserstrasse 15 , D-76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
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6
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Exploring the charge transfer nature and electro-optical properties of anthracene based sensitizers @TiO 2 cluster. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tang S, Lv X, Liu D, Li Z, Li S, Chen G, Kang L, Liang D, Jin R. The substituent effects of naphthalene diimide as acceptor for organic solar cells: A theoretical study. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Irfan A, Al-Sehemi AG, Chaudhry AR, Muhammad S. A first-principles study of the linear and nonlinear optical properties of isoxazole derivatives. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633616500607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The isoxazole derivatives gained significant attention in our daily life from better biological activity to the semiconducting materials. This study deals in depth investigation of two isoxazole derivatives, i.e. 2-[(E)-(3,4-Dimethylisoxazol-5-yl)iminomethyl]phenol (1) and 1-[(E)-(3,4-Dimethylisoxazol-5-yl)iminomethyl]-2-naphthol (2) with respect to the geometric, charge transport, optoelectronic and nonlinear optical properties by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT. The comprehensible intra-molecular charge transfer (ICT) was conceived from HOMOs to LUMOs. Strength of the electron donor groups was investigated on the absorption wavelengths, emission wavelengths, ionization potentials (IPs), electron affinities (EAs), total/partial densities of states and structure-property relationship. The smaller hole reorganization energies and superior transfer integrals of isoxazole derivatives (1 and 2) than the electron ones are leading to higher hole intrinsic mobility values as compared to the electron mobility exhibit that these systems would be good hole transport contenders. The first hyperpolarizability values are about 19 and 21 times larger than that of urea suggesting that 1 and 2 can also be considered as potential contestants for NLO applications as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
- Unit of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aijaz Rasool Chaudhry
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shabbir Muhammad
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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