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Dresp-Langley B. Consciousness Beyond Neural Fields: Expanding the Possibilities of What Has Not Yet Happened. Front Psychol 2022; 12:762349. [PMID: 35082717 PMCID: PMC8784399 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.762349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field theories in physics, any particular region of the presumed space-time continuum and all interactions between elementary objects therein can be objectively measured and/or accounted for mathematically. Since this does not apply to any of the field theories, or any other neural theory, of consciousness, their explanatory power is limited. As discussed in detail herein, the matter is complicated further by the facts than any scientifically operational definition of consciousness is inevitably partial, and that the phenomenon has no spatial dimensionality. Under the light of insights from research on meditation and expanded consciousness, chronic pain syndrome, healthy aging, and eudaimonic well-being, we may conceive consciousness as a source of potential energy that has no clearly defined spatial dimensionality, but can produce significant changes in others and in the world, observable in terms of changes in time. It is argued that consciousness may have evolved to enable the human species to generate such changes in order to cope with unprecedented and/or unpredictable adversity. Such coping could, ultimately, include the conscious planning of our own extinction when survival on the planet is no longer an acceptable option.
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Abstract
In this paper I will address questions about will, agency, choice, consciousness, relevant brain regions, impacts of disorders, and their therapeutics, and I will do this by referring to my theory, Dual-brain Psychology, which posits that within most of us there exist two mental agencies with different experiences, wills, choices, and behaviors. Each of these agencies is associated as a trait with one brain hemisphere (either left or right) and its composite regions. One of these agencies is more adversely affected by past traumas, and is more immature and more symptomatic, while the other is more mature and healthier. The theory has extensive experimental support through 17 peer-reviewed publications with clinical and non-clinical research. I will discuss how this theory relates to the questions about the nature of agency and I will also discuss my published theory on the physical nature of subjective experience and its relation to the brain, and how that theory interacts with Dual-Brain Psychology, leading to further insights into our human nature and its betterment.
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Schiffer F. The physical nature of subjective experience and its interaction with the brain. Med Hypotheses 2019; 125:57-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bordoni B, Marelli F, Morabito B, Sacconi B. Emission of Biophotons and Adjustable Sounds by the Fascial System: Review and Reflections for Manual Therapy. J Evid Based Integr Med 2019; 23:2515690X17750750. [PMID: 29405763 PMCID: PMC5871034 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x17750750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Every body structure is wrapped in connective tissue or fascia, creating a structural continuity that gives form and function to every tissue and organ. The fascial tissue is uniformly distributed throughout the body, enveloping, interacting with and permeating blood vessels, nerves, viscera, meninges, bones and muscles, creating various layers at different depths and forming a tridimensional metabolic and mechanical matrix. This article reviews the literature on the emission of biophotons and adjustable sounds by the fascial system, because these biological changes could be a means of local and systemic cellular communication and become another assessment tool for manual (therapy) practitioners. This is the first article that discusses these topics in a single text, attempting to bring such information into an area of application that is beneficial to osteopaths, chiropractors, and manual therapists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabiola Marelli
- 2 CRESO, School of Osteopathic Centre for Research and Studies, Gorla Minore (VA), Italy.,3 CRESO, School of Osteopathic Centre for Research and Studies, Fano (Pesaro Urbino), Italy
| | - Bruno Morabito
- 2 CRESO, School of Osteopathic Centre for Research and Studies, Gorla Minore (VA), Italy.,3 CRESO, School of Osteopathic Centre for Research and Studies, Fano (Pesaro Urbino), Italy.,4 Foundation Polyclinic University A. Gemelli University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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5
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Igamberdiev AU. Hyper-restorative non-equilibrium state as a driving force of biological morphogenesis. Biosystems 2018; 173:104-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Gare A. Chreods, homeorhesis and biofields: Finding the right path for science through Daoism. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 131:61-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Arshavsky YI. Neurons versus Networks: The Interplay between Individual Neurons and Neural Networks in Cognitive Functions. Neuroscientist 2016; 23:341-355. [PMID: 27660240 DOI: 10.1177/1073858416670124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The main paradigm of cognitive neuroscience is the connectionist concept postulating that the higher nervous activity is performed through interactions of neurons forming complex networks, whereas the function of individual neurons is restricted to generating electrical potentials and transmitting signals to other cells. In this article, I describe the observations from three fields-neurolinguistics, physiology of memory, and sensory perception-that can hardly be explained within the constraints of a purely connectionist concept. Rather, these examples suggest that cognitive functions are determined by specific properties of individual neurons and, therefore, are likely to be accomplished primarily at the intracellular level. This view is supported by the recent discovery that the brain's ability to create abstract concepts of particular individuals, animals, or places is performed by neurons ("concept cells") sparsely distributed in the medial temporal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri I Arshavsky
- 1 BioCircuits Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Goodman G, Poznanski RR, Cacha L, Bercovich D. The Two-Brains Hypothesis: Towards a guide for brain-brain and brain-machine interfaces. J Integr Neurosci 2015; 14:281-93. [PMID: 26477360 DOI: 10.1142/s0219635215500235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Great advances have been made in signaling information on brain activity in individuals, or passing between an individual and a computer or robot. These include recording of natural activity using implants under the scalp or by external means or the reverse feeding of such data into the brain. In one recent example, noninvasive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) allowed feeding of digitalized information into the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, noninvasive electroencephalography (EEG) recordings of motor signals at the scalp, representing specific motor intention of hand moving in individual humans, were fed as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) at a maximum intensity of 2.0[Formula: see text]T through a circular magnetic coil placed flush on each of the heads of subjects present at a different location. The TMS was said to induce an electric current influencing axons of the motor cortex causing the intended hand movement: the first example of the transfer of motor intention and its expression, between the brains of two remote humans. However, to date the mechanisms involved, not least that relating to the participation of magnetic induction, remain unclear. In general, in animal biology, magnetic fields are usually the poor relation of neuronal current: generally "unseen" and if apparent, disregarded or just given a nod. Niels Bohr searched for a biological parallel to complementary phenomena of physics. Pertinently, the two-brains hypothesis (TBH) proposed recently that advanced animals, especially man, have two brains i.e., the animal CNS evolved as two fundamentally different though interdependent, complementary organs: one electro-ionic (tangible, known and accessible), and the other, electromagnetic (intangible and difficult to access) - a stable, structured and functional 3D compendium of variously induced interacting electro-magnetic (EM) fields. Research on the CNS in health and disease progresses including that on brain-brain, brain-computer and brain-robot engineering. As they grow even closer, these disciplines involve their own unique complexities, including direction by the laws of inductive physics. So the novel TBH hypothesis has wide fundamental implications, including those related to TMS. These require rethinking and renewed research engaging the fully complementary equivalence of mutual magnetic and electric field induction in the CNS and, within this context, a new mathematics of the brain to decipher higher cognitive operations not possible with current brain-brain and brain-machine interfaces. Bohr may now rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Goodman
- * Galil Genetic Analysis, Katzrin 12900 Israel
| | - R R Poznanski
- † Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia.,‡ Laboratory of Biological Modeling, The Rockefeller University, 10065 New York, USA
| | - L Cacha
- † Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - D Bercovich
- § Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Hai Academic College Galilee, 12110 Israel
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Salari V, Valian H, Bassereh H, Bókkon I, Barkhordari A. Ultraweak photon emission in the brain. J Integr Neurosci 2015; 14:419-29. [PMID: 26336891 DOI: 10.1142/s0219635215300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides the low-frequency electromagnetic body-processes measurable through the electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), etc. there are processes that do not need external excitation, emitting light within or close to the visible spectra. Such ultraweak photon emission (UPE), also named biophoton emission, reflects the cellular (and body) oxidative status. Recently, a growing body of evidence shows that UPE may play an important role in the basic functioning of living cells. Moreover, interesting evidences are beginning to emerge that UPE may well play an important role in neuronal functions. In fact, biophotons are byproducts in cellular metabolism and produce false signals (e.g., retinal discrete dark noise) but on the other side neurons contain many light sensitive molecules that makes it hard to imagine how they might not be influenced by UPE, and thus UPE may carry informational contents. Here, we investigate UPE in the brain from different points of view such as experimental evidences, theoretical modeling, and physiological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Salari
- 1 Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.,2 School of Physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran 19395-5531, Iran
| | - H Valian
- 3 Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - H Bassereh
- 3 Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - I Bókkon
- 4 Psychoszomatic OutPatient Department of the National Center for Spinal Disorders, Hungary.,5 Vision Research Institute, 25 Rita St, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - A Barkhordari
- 6 Department of Physics, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Mahan, Kerman, Iran
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